Abstract
Spatially resolved Raman scattering is used to measure the single shot stoichiometry before ignition inside a realistic internal combustion engine with high single shot precision of l%–4% (depending on the extent of spatial averaging). The high precision results from the simultaneous detection of fuel and N2 (O2), which yields stoichiometry via a relative measurement. The cycle-to-cycle fluctuations of stoichiometry are clearly resolved. The feasibility of averaged spatially resolved simultaneous multi-species detection is demonstrated in a commercial oil-burning furnace as well. The limited precision that is usually obtained in Raman scattering by interfering emissions is highly improved using the fact that the interfering emission is unpolarized whereas Raman scattering is highly polarized. Therefore, Raman measurements provided good signal-to-noise ratios in the spray flame even in the area where fuel droplets occur and during combustion in the engine. The optical multichannel analyzer yields one-dimensional spatial resolution, and offers the capability to easily combine Raman scattering with Rayleigh scattering and laser-induced fluorescence detection of minority species.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Leipertz: Temperaturbestimmung in Gasen mittels linearer und nichtlinearer Raman-Prozesse. Postdoctoral Thesis, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (1984)
A.R. Masri, R.W. Bilger, R.W. Dibble: Combust. Flame71, 245 (1988)
M.S. Mansour, R.W. Bilger, R.W. Dibble: Combust. Flame85, 215 (1991)
T.S. Cheng, J.A. Wehrmeyer, R.W. Pitz: Combust. Flame91, 323 (1992)
S.P. Nandula, T.M. Brown, W.A. Cole, R.W. Pitz: 28th Joint Propulsion Conf., Nashville, TN (1992)
M. Lapp, C.M. Penney:Laser Raman Gas Diagnostics (Plenum, New York 1974)
S.M. Harvey: Ont. Res. Div. Rep. 79-286-K (1979) W.M. Roquemore, P.P. Yaney: Natl. Bur. Stand. Spec. Publ.561, 973 (1979)
A.C. Eckbreth:Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species (Abacus, Cambridge, MA 1988)
R.E. Setchell, D.P. Aeschliman: Appl. Spectrosc.31, 530 (1977)
W. Reckers, L. Hüwel, G. Grünefeld, P. Andresen: Appl. Opt.32(6), 907 (1993)
P. Andresen, G. Meijer, H. Schlüter, H. Voges, A. Koch, W. Hentschel, W. Oppermann, E. Rothe: Appl. Opt.29, 2392 (1990)
A. Koch, H. Voges, P. Andresen, H. Schlüter, D. Wolff, W. Hentschel, W. Oppermann, E. Rothe: Appl. Phys. B56, 177 (1993) W. Demtröder:Laserspektroskopie, Grundlagen und Techniken (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1991)
A. Koch, A. Chryssostomou, P. Andresen, W. Bornscheuer: Appl. Phys. B56, 165 (1993)
J.-P. Sawerysyn, L.-R. Sochet, D. Desenne, M. Crunelle-Cras, F. Grase, M. Bridoux: InProc. 21st Int'l Symp. on Combustion (The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 1986) p. 491
J.R. Smith: SAE 800137 (1980) J.R. Smith: AIAA J-18, 118 (1979) S.-C. Johnston: SAE 800136 (1980)
G. Grünefeld: Private communication (1992)
P. Andresen, A. Bath, W. Gröger, H.W. Lülf, G. Meijer, J.J. terMeulen: Appl. Opt.27, 365 (1988)
M.M. Suschtschinskij:Ramanspektren von Molekülen und Kristallen (Heyden, Rheine 1974)
J.M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, J.P. Maillard: Molec. Phys.32, 499 (1976)
T. Kadota, F.Q. Zhao, K. Miyoshi: SAE 900481 (1990)
O. Axner: Volvo Technol. Rep.1/88, 26 (1988) R. Shimizu, S. Matumoto, S. Furuno, M. Murayama, S. Kojima: SAE 10/92 (1992)
D.A. Long:Raman Spectroscopy (McGraw-Hill, New York 1977)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grünefeld, G., Beushausen, V., Andresen, P. et al. Spatially resolved Raman scattering for multi-species and temperature analysis in technically applied combustion systems: Spray flame and four-cylinder in-line engine. Appl. Phys. B 58, 333–342 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01082630
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01082630