Abstract
Leaf disk choice test bioassays demonstrated that formulated neem seed oil (NSO) was equally deterrent to first- and third-instar nymphs and adult strawberry aphids,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell). Concentrations of NSO resulting in 50% feeding deterrence were approximately 1.1% for this species. The rapid disruption of aphid feeding (<1 hr) was not related to the presence of the limonoid azadirachtin, and deterrence likely results from the combined activity of several compounds. Activity toC. fragaefolii disappeared within 12–24 hr following application to strawberry in the greenhouse. NSO was deterrent to only half of the six aphid species tested. The antifeedant properties of neem do not appear to contribute significantly to the control of aphids and the viruses they transmit.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Backus, E.A. 1988. Sensory systems and behaviours which mediate hemipteran plant-feeding: A taxonomic overview.J. Insect Physiol. 34:151–165.
Balandrin, M.F., Lee, S.M., andKlocke, J.A. 1988. Biologically active volatile organosulphur compounds from seeds of the neem tree,Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae).J. Agric. Food Chem. 36:1048–1054.
Barnby, M.A., Yamasaki, R.B., andKlocke, J.A. 1989. Biological activity of azadirachtin, three derivatives, and their ultraviolet radiation degradation products against tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae.J. Econ. Entomol. 82:58–63.
Braker, E.,Toscano, N.,Reuter, L., andPerring, T. 1991. Botanically derived compounds as modifiers of aphid feeding behavior. Poster presentation. Entomological Society of America annual general meeting, Reno, Nevada.
Butterworth, J.H., andMorgan, E.D. 1968. Isolation of a substance that suppresses feeding in locusts.Chem. Commun. 23–24.
Butterworth, J.H., andMorgan, E.D. 1971. Investigation of the locust feeding inhibition of the seeds of the neem tree,Azadirachta indica.J. Insect Physiol. 17:969–977.
Champagne, D.E., Isman, M.B., andTowers, G.H.N. 1989. Insecticidal activity of phyto-chemicals and extracts of the Meliaceae, pp. 95–109,in J.T. Arnason, B.J.R. Philogène, and P. Morand (eds.). Insecticides of Plant Origin. ACS Symposium Series No. 387. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Chiu, S.-F. 1984. The active principles and insecticidal properties of some Chinese plants, with special reference to Meliaceae, pp. 255–262,in H. Schmutterer and K.R.S. Ascher (eds.). Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and other Tropical Plants. Proceedings, 2nd International Neem Conference, Rauischholzhausen, Germany, 1983.
Coudriet, D.L., Prabhaker, N., andMeyerdirk, D.E. 1985. Sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): Effects of neem-seed extract on oviposition and immature stages.Environ. Entomol. 14:776–779.
Gibson, R.W., andPlumb, R.T. 1977. Breeding plants for resistance to aphid infestation, pp. 473–499,in K.F. Harris and K. Maramorosch (eds.). Aphids as Virus Vectors. Academic Press, New York.
Griffiths, D.C., Pickett, J.A., Smart, L.E., andWoodcock, C.M. 1989. Use of insect anti-feedants against aphid vectors of plant virus disease.Pestic. Sci. 27:269–276.
Heyde, J. v.d.,Saxena, R.C., andSchmutterer, H. 1984. Neem oil and neem extracts as potential insecticides for control of hemipterous rice pests, pp. 377–390,in H. Schmutterer and K.R.S. Ascher (eds.). Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and other Tropical Plants. Proceedings, 2nd International Neem Conference, Rauischholzhausen, Germany, 1983.
Hunter, W.B., andUllman, D.E. 1992. Effects of the neem product, RD-Repelin, on settling behaviour and transmission of zucchini yellow mosaic virus by the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae).Ann. Appl. Biol. 120:9–15.
Isman, M.B., Koul, O., Luczynski, A., andKaminsky, J. 1990. Insecticidal and antifeedant bioactivities of neem oils and their relationship to azadirachtin content.J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:1406–1411.
Jacobson, M., Reed, D.K., Crystal, M.M., Moreno, D.S., andSoderstrom, E.L. 1978. Chemistry and biological activity of insect feeding deterrents from certain weed and crop plants.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 24:248–257.
Jones, P.J., Ley, S.V., Morgan, E.D., andSantafianos, D. 1989. The chemistry of the neem tree, pp. 19–46,in M. Jacobson (ed.). Focus on Phytochemical Pesticides, Vol. I. The Neem Tree. CRC Press, Bacon Raton, Florida.
Larson, R.O. 1989. The commercialization of neem, pp. 155–168,in M. Jacobson (ed.). Focus on Phytochemical Pesticides, Vol. I. The Neem Tree. CRC Press, Bacon Raton, Florida.
Lindquist, R.K.,Adams, A.J.,Hall, F.R., andAdams, I.H.H. 1990. Laboratory and greenhouse evaluations of Margosan-O against bifenthrin-resistant and -susceptible greenhouse whiteflies,Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), pp. 91–99,in J.C. Locke and R.H. Lawson (eds.). Neem's Potential in Pest Management Programs, Proceedings, USDA Neem Workshop. USDA ARS-86.
Lowery, D.T., andSears, M.K. 1986. Effect of exposure to the insecticide azinphosmethyl on reproduction of green peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae).J. Econ. Entomol. 79:1534–1538.
Lowery, D.T., Isman, M.B., andBrard, N.L. 1993. Laboratory and field evaluation of neem for the control of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae).J. Econ. Entomol. 86:864–870.
Neter, J., Wasserman, W., andKutner, M.H. 1985. Applied Linear Statistical Models: Regression, Analysis of Variance, and Experimental Designs, 2nd ed. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Illinois, pp. 172–174.
Papaj, D.R., andRausher, M.D. 1983. Individual variation in host location by phytophagous insects, pp. 77–117,in S. Ahmad (ed.). Herbivorous Insects, Host Seeking Behaviour and Mechanisms. Academic Press, New York.
Reed, D.K., Warthen, J.D., Uedel, E.C., andReed, G.L. 1982. Effects of two triterpenoids from neem on feeding by cucumber beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).J. Econ. Entomol. 75:1109–1113.
Saxena, K.N. andRembold, H. 1984. Orientation and ovipositional response ofHeliothis armigera to certain neem constituents, pp. 199–210,in H. Schmutterer and K.R.S. Ascher (eds.). Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and other Tropical Plants. Proceedings, 2nd International Neem Conference, Rauischholzhausen, Germany, 1983.
Saxena, R.C. 1986. Antifeedants in tropical pest management.Insect Sci. Applic. 8:731–736.
Saxena, R.C., andKhan, Z.R. 1985. Electronically recorded disturbances in feeding behavior ofNephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on neem oil-treated rice plants.J. Econ. Entomol. 78:222–226.
Saxena, R.C., andKhan, Z.R. 1987. New bioactive products: Growth regulators, antifeedants, pheromones and other attractans.Mem. Sci. Fisiche Natur. Ser. V. 11(2):303–317.
Saxena, R.C.,Liquido, N.J., andJusto, H.D. 1981. Neem seed oil, a potential antifeedant for the control of the rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens, pp. 171–188,in H. Schmutterer, K.R.S. Ascher, and H. Rembold (eds.). Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.). Proceedings, 1st International Neem Conference, Rottach-Egern, Germany, 1980.
Schwinger, M.,Ehhammer, B., andKraus, W. 1984. Methodology of theEpilachna varivestis bioassay of antifeedants demonstrated with some compounds fromAzadirachta indica andMelia azedarach, pp. 181–198,in H. Schmutterer and K.R.S. Ascher (eds.). Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and other Tropical Plants. Proceedings, 2nd International Neem Conference, Rauischholzhausen, Germany, 1983.
Siddig, S.A. 1987. A proposed pest management program including neem treatments for combating potato pests in the Sudan, pp. 449–459,in H. Schmutterer (ed.). Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and other Tropical Plants. Proceedings, 3rd International Neem Conference, Nairobi, Kenya.
van Emden, H.F. 1972. Aphids as phytochemists, pp. 25–44,in J.B. Harborne (ed.). Phytochemical Ecology. Academic Press, London.
Walter, J.F., andKnauss, J.F. 1990. Developing a neem-based pest management product, pp. 29–31,in J.C. Locke and R.H. Lawson (eds.). Neem's Potential in Pest Management Programs. Proceedings, USDA Neem Workshop. USDA ARS-86.
Warthen, J.D., Jr. 1989. Neem [Azadirachta indica (A. Juss)]: Organisms affected and reference list update.Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 91:367–388.
West, A.J., andMordue, A.J. 1992. The influence of azadirachtin on the feeding behaviour of cereal aphids and slugs.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 62:75–79.
Wilkins, R.M., Okello-Ekochu, E., Jeevaratnam, K., andWechakit, D. 1990. Effects of some feeding inhibitors on two homopteran insect pestsNilaparvata lugens andAcyrthosiphon pisum, pp. 329–341,in J.E. Cassida (ed.). Pesticides and Alternatives: Innovative Chemical and Biological Approaches to Pest Control. Proceedings, International Conference, Orthodox Academy of Crete. Elsevier Press, New York.
Wilkinson, L. 1990. Systat: The System for Statistics. Systat Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 677 pp.
Wood, T. 1990. Efficacy of neem extracts and neem derivatives against several agricultural insect pests, pp. 76–84,in J.C. Locke and R.H. Lawson (eds.). Neem's Potential in Pest Management Programs. Proceedings, USDA Neem Workshop. USDA ARS-86.
Woodford, J.A.T., Nisbet, A.J., Strang, R.H.C., andConnolly, J.D. 1991. Systemic antifeedant effects of azadirachtin on aphids, p. 305,in D.C. Peters, J.A. Webster, and C.S. Chlouber (eds.). Aphid-Plant Interactions: Population to Molecules. USDA/ARS and Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lowery, D.T., Isman, M.B. Antifeedant activity of extracts from neem,Azadirachta indica, to strawberry aphid,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii . J Chem Ecol 19, 1761–1773 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00982306
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00982306