Abstract
Carbides found in white cast-iron containing 2.88% carbon, 15.22% chromium and 3.08% vanadium have the stoichiometric formula Cr2.8V0.7Fe3.4C3. They belong to the type M7C3 and are isomorphic with the chromium carbide Cr7C3. A modification of the approximate structure, given by Westgren, was considered in which carbon atoms were assumed to be situated right at the centre of gravity of perfectly symmetrical right-angled prisms. The great number of crystal defects that the carbides always contain were studied by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. They are stacking faults having as their fault planes one of the three equivalent planes (1 0 ¯1 0), (1 ¯1 0 0) or (0 1 ¯1 0), and as their fault vectorsR=a/2 orb/2 or (a+b)/2. A detailed examination of the diffraction patterns which contain streaks or extra reflections indicates that, in strongly faulted carbides, the stacking faults are ordered. A simple model which views the structure of M7C3 as a stacking sequence of right-angled prisms containing carbon atoms is proposed. Using this model, the order of the stacking faults can be easily interpreted. It suggests that the stacking fault energy is very weak, hence the frequent occurrence of the stacking faults in the carbides.
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Dudzinski, W., Morniroli, J.P. & Gantois, M. Stacking faults in chromium, iron and vanadium mixed carbides of the type M7C3 . J Mater Sci 15, 1387–1401 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00752118
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00752118