Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Anderson, M. S.: Electron microscopy of the glomerulus and renal tubules in experimental hypertension. Amer. J. Path.43, 257–272 (1963).
Andrews, R. V., Strohbehn, R.: Endocrine adjustments in a wild lemming population during the 1969 summer season. Comp. biochem. Physiol.38 A, 183–201 (1971).
Andrzejewski, R., Petrusewics, K., Walkowa, W.: Absorption of newcomers by a population of white mice. Ekol. Polska, Ser. A11, 223–240 (1963).
Autrum, H., v. Holst, D.: Sozialer „Stress” bei Tupajas (Tupaia glis) und seine Wirkung auf Wachstum, Körpergewicht und Fortpflanzung. Z. vergl. Physiol.58, 347–355 (1968).
Baker, B. L.: A comparison of the histological changes induced by experimental hyperadrenocorticalism and inanition. Recent Progr. Hormone Res.7, 331–373 (1952).
Barnett, S. A.: Physiological effects of “social stress” in wild rats. 1. The adrenal cortex. J. psychosom. Res.3, 1–11 (1958).
Barnett, S. A.: Social stress. The concept of stress. In: Viewpoints in biology, vol. 3 (eds. J. D. Carthy and C. L. Duddington), p. 170–218. London: Butter-worths 1964.
Barnett, S. A., Eaton, J. C., McCallum, H. M.: Physiological effects of “social stress” in wild rats. 2. Liver glycogen and blood glucose. J. psychosom. Res.4, 251–260 (1960).
Bernard, C.: Leçon sur les proprietés physiologiques et les altérations pathologiques des liquides de l'organisme. Vol. 1. Paris: Bailliere 1859.
Block, M. A., Wakim, K. G., Mann, F. C.: Circulation through kidney during stimulation of the renal nerves. Amer. J. Physiol.169, 659–669 (1952).
Brock, J.: Die Nieren. Berlin: VEV Verlag 1964.
Bronson, F. H., Eleftheriou, B. E.: Adrenal response to fighting in mice: separation of physical and psychological causes. Science147, 627–628 (1965).
Calhoun, J. B.: Mortality and movement of brown rats in artificially supersaturated populations. J. Wildl. Mgmt.12, 167–171 (1948).
Calhoun, J. B.: Space and the strategy of life. In: Behavior and environment (ed. A. H. Essor), p. 329–387. New York-London: Plenum Press 1971.
Carpenter, A. A., Kunin, A. S.: Pheochromocytoma with acute tubular necrosis. New Engl. J. Med.265, 986–988 (1961).
Chitty, D.: Self-regulation of numbers through changes in viability. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol.22, 277–280 (1957).
Chitty, D.: A note on shock disease. Ecology40, 728–731 (1959).
Christian, J. J.: The adreno-pituitary system and population cycles in mammals. J. Mammal.31, 247–259 (1950).
Christian, J. J.: Endocrine adaptive mechanisms and the physiologic regulation of population growth. In: Physiological mammalogy, vol. 1, Mammalian populations (eds. W. V. Mayer and R. G. van Gelder), p. 189–353. New York-London: Academic Press 1963.
Christian, J. J.: Glomerular renal disease in mice after chronic ACTH treatment. J. Endocr.28, 6–7 (1964a).
Christian, J. J.: Physiological and pathological correlates of population density. Proc. roy. Soc. Med.57, 169–174 (1964b).
Christian, J. J., Flyger, V., Davis, D. E.: Factors in the mass mortality of a herd of Sika deer,Cervus nippon. Chesapeake Sci.1, 79–95 (1960).
Collier, R. O., Swann, H. G.: Relation of kidney size to blood pressure. Amer. J. Physiol.220, 488–491 (1971).
Constantinides, P.: An immediate kidney response to acute stress. Endocrinology49, 512–521 (1951).
Cort, J. H.: Effect of nervous stimulation on the arteriovenous oxygen and carbon dioxide differences across the kidney. Nature (Lond.)171, 784–785 (1953).
Dawson, J.: Splenic hypertrophy in voles. Nature (Lond.)178, 1183–1184 (1956).
Deisz, R.: Unpublished data: Zoologisches Institut der Universität. München 1972.
Doerr, W.: Spezielle pathologische Anatomie I. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1970.
Dugle, J. B., Free, A. H.: A simple blood test for the assessment of renal function in experimental animals. Lab. Anim. Care19, 624–628 (1969).
Eichholtz, F., Taugner, R., Braun, W.: Untersuchungen zur Behandlung renaler Ischämien. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn.98, 118–128 (1954).
Elton, R. L., Zarrow, I. G., Zarrow, M. X.: Depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol: a comparative study. Endocrinology65, 152–157 (1959).
Epstein, M., Hollenberg, K., Merrill, J. P.: The pattern of the renal vascular response to epinephrine in man. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)134, 720–724 (1970).
Erslev, A. J.: Anemia of chronic renal disease. Arch. intern. Med.126, 775–780 (1970).
Evans, C. S., Barnett, S. A.: Physiological effects of “social stress” in wild rats. 3. Thyroid. Neuroendocrinology1, 113–120 (1965/66).
Forsyth, R. P., Harris, R. E.: Circulatory changes during stressful stimuli in rhesus monkeys. Circulat. Res.26, Suppl. 1, 13–20 (1970).
Frank, F.: Untersuchungen über den Zusammenbruch von Feldmausplagen (Microtus arvalis Pallas). Zool. Jb. Abt. System, Ökol. u. Geogr.82, 95–136 (1953).
Green, H. D., Hoff, E. C.: Effects of faradic stimulation of the cerebral cortex on limb and renal volumes in the cat and monkey. Amer. J. Physiol.118, 641–658 (1937).
Green, R. G., Larson, C. L.: Shock disease of wild snowshoe rabbits. Amer. J. Physiol.119, 319–320 (1937).
Green, R. G., Larson, C. L.: A description of shock disease in the snowshoe hare. Amer. J. Hyg.28, 190–212 (1938).
Green, R. G., Larson, C. L., Bell, J. F.: Shock disease as the cause of the periodical decimation of the snowshoe hare. Amer. J. Hyg.30 B, 83–102 (1939).
Gross, F., Meier, R.: Die Beeinflussung der kompensatorischen Nierenhypertrophie durch Cortisone und andere Nebennierenrindensteroide. Experientia (Basel)7, 74–76 (1951).
Henry, J. P., Cassel, J. C.: Psychosocial factors in essential hypertension. Recent epidemiologic and animal experimental evidence. Amer. J. Epidem.90, 171–200 (1969).
Henry, P., Ely, D. L., Stephens, P. M., Ratcliffe, H. L., Santisteban, G. A., Shapiro, A. P.: The role of psychosocial factors in the development of arteriosclerosis in CBA mice: observations on the heart, kidney and aorta. Artherosclerosis14, 203–218 (1971).
Henry, P., Meehan, J. P., Stephens, P. M.: The use of psychosocial stimuli to induce prolonged systolic hypertension in mice. Psychosom. Med.29, 408–432 (1967).
Henry, P., Stephens, P.: The use of psychosocial stimuli to induce renal and cardiovascular pathology in mice. Psychosom. Med.31, 454–455 (1969).
Hoff, E. C., Kell, J. F., Jr., Hastings, N., Sholes, D. M., Gray, E. H.: Vasomotor, cellular and functional changes produced in kidney by brain stimulation. J. Neurophysiol.14, 317–332 (1951).
Hoff, F.: Klinische Physiologie und Pathologie. Stuttgart: Thieme 1962.
Holst, D. v.: Sozialer Stress bei Tupajas (Tupaia belangeri). Die Aktivierung des sympathischen Nervensystems und ihre Beziehung zu hormonal ausgelösten ethologischen und physiologischen Veränderungen. Z. vergl. Physiol.63, 1–58 (1969).
Holst, D. v.: Die Funktion der Nebennieren männlicherTupaia belangen: Nebennierengewicht, Ascorbinsäure und Glucocorticoide bei kurzem und bei andauerndem soziopsychischem Stress. J. comp. Physiol.78, 289–306 (1972).
Houck, C. R.: Alteration of renal hemodynamics and function in separate kidneys during stimulation of the renal artery nerves in dogs. Amer. J. Physiol.167, 523–530 (1951a).
Houck, C. R.: Alterations in renal hemodynamics and function during intravenous injection of epinephrine in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol.166, 649–657 (1951b).
Kubicek, W. G., Kottke, F. J., Laker, D. J., Visscher, M. B.: Renal function during arterial hypertension produced by chronic splanchnic nerve stimulation in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol.174, 397–400 (1953).
Levi, L.: Sympatho-adrenomedullary responses to emotional stimuli: methodologic, physiologic, and pathologic considerations. In: An introduction to clinical neuroendocrinology (ed. E. Bajusz), p. 78–105. Basel-New York: Karger 1967.
Mason, J. W.: A review of psychoendocrine research on the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system. Psychosom. Med.30, 631–653 (1968).
Mason, J. W., Jones, J. A., Ricketts, P. T., Brady, J. V., Tolliver, G. A.: Urinary aldosterone and urine volume responses to 72-hr, avoidance sessions in the monkey. Psychosom. Med.30, 733–745 (1968).
Meehan, J. P.: Central nervous control of the renal circulation. Amer. Heart J.6, 318–320 (1960).
Mills, L. C., Moyer, J. H., Skelton, J. M.: The effect of norepinephrine and epinephrine on renal hemodynamics. Amer. J. med. Sci.226, 653–663 (1953).
Moses, J. B.: The distribution of renal ischemia produced by epinephrine and norepinephrine as demonstrated by the fluorescent dye vasoflavine. J. Urol. (Baltimore)68, 558–567 (1952).
Munday, K. A., Blane, G. F.: Cold stress of the mammal, bird, and reptile. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.2, 8–21 (1961).
Ogle, C. W.: Urinary output of rats in response to subcutaneous injections of adrenaline. Experientia (Basel)24, 496–497 (1968).
Pasley, J. N., Christian, J. J.: Effects of ACTH on voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) related to reproductive function and renal disease. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)137, 268–272 (1971).
Penington, D. G., Kincaid-Smith, P.: Anaemia in renal failure. Brit. med. Bull.27, 136–141 (1971).
Pfleiderer, G.: Glykogen. Bestimmung als D-Glucose mit Hexokinase, Pyruvatkinase und Lactat-Dehydrogenase. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse (Hrsg. H. Bergmeyer), S. 59–62. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie 1962.
Pickering, G. W.: High blood pressure. New York: Grune & Stratton 1968.
Raab, A.: Der Serotoninstoffwechsel in einzelnen Hirnteilen vom Tupaia (Tupaia belangeri) bei soziopsychischem Stress. Z. vergl. Physiol.72, 54–66 (1971).
Reimer, J. D., Petras, M. L.: Breeding structure of the house mouse,Mus musculus, in a population cage. J. Mammal.48, 88–99 (1967).
Richter, C. P.: On the phenomenon of sudden death in animals and man. Psychosom. Med.19, 191–198 (1957).
Selye, H.: The physiology and pathology of exposure to stress. Montreal: Acta 1950.
Selye, H., Constantinides, P.: Das Allgemeine Anpassungssyndrom und die Anpassungskrankheiten. Dtsch. med. Rdsch.5, 161–169 (1948).
Shultz, M. L.: Acute changes in renal size in normal and hypertensive dogs. J. Urol. (Baltimore)104, 629–634 (1970).
Skelton, F. R.: Experimental hypertensive vascular disease in the rat. Arch. Path.60, 190–200 (1955).
Sprankel, H.: Über Verhaltensweisen und Zucht vonTupaia glis (Diard, 1820) in Gefangenschaft. Z. wiss. Zool.165, 186–220 (1961).
Steinmetz, P. R., Kiley, J. E.: Renal tubular necrosis following lesions of the brain. Amer. J. Physiol.29, 268–276 (1960).
Study, R. S., Shipley, R. E.: Comparison of direct with indirect renal blood flow, extraction of inulin and diodrast before and during acute renal nerve stimulation. Amer. J. Physiol.163, 442–453 (1950).
Takaku, F., Chiba, S., Nakao, K.: Erythropoietic activity of kidney extracts. Israel J. med. Sci.7, 972–976 (1971).
Unna, K.: Arterieller Druck und Nierendurchblutung. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol.235, 515–519 (1935).
Vecsei, P., Csalay, L.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Corticosteroidbildung und das morphologische Verhalten der Nebennieren bei chronischen Reizen ausgesetzten Tieren. Z. Vitaminforsch.14, 57–65 (1965).
Walther, D.: Das Substrat der Anurie und Polyurie beim akuten Nierenversagen der Ratten. In: Normale und pathologische Funktionen des Nierentubulus (Hrsg. K. J. Ullrich und K. Hierholzer), S. 291–297. Bern-Stuttgart: Hans Huber 1965.
Welch, B. L.: Psychophysiological response to the mean level of environmental stimulation: a theory of environmental integration. Symp. Med. Asp. Stress in Milit. Climate, p. 39–99, 1964.
Welch, B. L., Welch, A. S.: Sustained effects of brief daily stress (fighting) upon brain and adrenal catecholamines and adrenal, spleen, and heart weights in mice. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)64, 100–107 (1969).
Wise, B. L., Ganong, W. F.: Effect of brain-stem stimulation on renal function. Amer. J. Physiol.198, 1291–1295 (1960).
Wolf, S., Pfeiffer, J. B., Ripley, H. S., Winter, O. S., Wolf, H. G.: Hypertension as a reaction pattern to stress; summary of experimental data on variations in blood pressure and renal blood flow. Ann. intern. Med.29, 1056–1076 (1948).
Wynne-Edwards, V. C.: Animal dispersion in relation to social behaviour. Edinburgh-London: Oliver & Boyd 1962.
Zollinger, H. U.: Niere und ableitende Harnwege. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1966.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dedicated to Professor Dr. H. Autrum on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
I thank Mrs. M. Jaenicke for technical assistance, and Drs. R. Martin and C. Walther for the English translation of this paper and for their valuable comments.
This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Holst, D.v. Renal failure as the cause of death inTupaia belangeri exposed to persistent social stress. J. Comp. Physiol. 78, 236–273 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00697657
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00697657