Summary
The morphological alteration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) induced by long-term absence of dietary stimulation was investigated. Male Wistar rats weighing ∼230 g were maintained with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Control rats were allowed to have the same amount of the solution orally. After two weeks, the morphological alteration of GALT was examined. Although no significant difference in weight gain was noted between the two groups, the area comprised by Peyer's patches was decreased in TPN rats. The number of transported lymphocytes and the ratio of helper T (Th) cells to suppressor/cytotoxic T (Ts/c) cells in intestinal lymph were lowered after TPN treatment. In an immunohistochemical study of the rat ileum, the number of T cells and the Th/Ts/c ratio were decreased both in the intraepithelial spaces and in the lamina propria of TPN rats. The percentage of interleukin-2 receptor-positive cells and the number of IgA-containing cells in the lamina propria were significantly reduced in TPN rats. These results suggest that dietary stimulation might play a role in the maintenance of GALT function and morphology.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alverdy J, Chi HS, Sheldon GF (1985) The effect of parenteral nutrition on gastrointestinal immunity. Ann Surg 202: 681–684
Baker RD (1933) The cellular content of chyle in relation to lymphoid tissue and fat transportation. Anat Rec 55: 207–221
Bollman JL, Cain JC, Grindlay JH (1948) Techniques for collection of lymph from liver, small intestine or thoracic duct of the rat. J Lab Clin Med 33: 1349–1352
Carlson JR, Heyworth MF, Owen RL (1986) Response of Peyer's patch lymphocyte subsets ofGiardia muris infection in BALB/c mice. Cell Immunol 97: 44–50
Castro GA, Copeland EM, Dudrick SJ, Johnson LR (1975) Intestinal disaccharidase and peroxidase activities in parenterally nourished rats. J Nutr 105: 776–781
Craig SW, Cebra JJ (1971) Peyer's patches: an enriched source of precursors for IgA-producing immunocytes in the rabbit. J Exp Med 134: 188–200
Darlington D, Rogers AW (1966) Epithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of the mouse. J Anat 100: 813–830
Fiocchi C, Youngman KR, Yen-Lieberman B, Tubbs RR (1988) Modulation of intestinal immune reactivity by interleukin 2. Dig Dis Sci 33: 1305–1315
Gowans JL, Knight EJ (1964) The route of recirculation of lymphocytes in the rat. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 159: 257–282
Guy-Grand D, Griscelli C, Vassalli P (1974) The gut-associated lymphoid system: nature and properties of the large dividing cells. Eur J Immunol 4: 435–443
Guy-Grand D, Griscelli C, Vassalli P (1978) The mouse gut T lymphocyte, a novel type of T cell. Nature, origin and traffic in mice in normal and graft-versus-host conditions. J Exp Med 148: 1661–1677
Hall JG, Hopkins J, Orlans E (1977) Studies on the lymphocytes of sheep. III. Destination of lymph-borne immunoblasts in relation to their tissue of origin. Eur J Immunol 7: 30–37
Hughes CA, Prince A, Dowling RH (1980) Speed of change in pancreatic mass and in intestinal bacteriology of parenterally fed rats. Clin Science 59: 329–336
Husband AJ, Gowans JL (1978) The origin and antigen-dependent distribution of IgA-containing cells in the intestine. J Exp Med 148: 1146–1160
Johnson LR, Copeland EM, Dudrick SJ, Lichtenberger LM, Castro GA (1975) Structural and hormonal alterations in the gastrointestinal tract of parenterally fed rats. Gastroenterology 68: 1177–1183
Kobayashi K, Miura S, Hamada Y, Asakura H, Tsuchiya M (1985) Possible dietary regulation of lymphocyte traffic through intestinal lymph. In: Casley-Smith JR, Piller NB (eds) Progress in lymphology X. University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide, Australia, pp 94–96
Kudsk KA, Stone JM, Carpenter G, Sheldon GF (1983) Enteral and parenteral feeding influences mortality after hemoglobin-E. coli peritonitis in normal rats. J Trauma 23: 605–609
Lebman DA, Coffman RL (1988) The effects of IL-4 and IL-5 on the IgA response by murine Peyer's patch B cell subpopulations. J Immunol 141: 2050–2056
Lyscom N, Brueton MJ (1982) Intraepithelial, lamina propria and Peyer's patch lymphocytes of rat small intestine: isolation and characterization in terms of immunoglobulin markers and receptors for monoclonal antibodies. Immunology 45: 775–783
Marsh MN (1975) Aspects of proliferation and migration of epithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of mice. Gut 16: 674–682
Marsh PK, Tally FP, Kellum J, Callow A, Gorbach SL (1983)Candida infections in surgical patients. Ann Surg 198: 42–47
Mayrhofer G, Pugh CW, Barclay AN (1983) The distribution, ontogeny and origin in the rat of Ia-positive cells with dendritic morphology and of Ia antigen in epithelia, with special reference to the intestine. Eur J Immunol 13: 112–122
McLean IW, Nakane PK (1974) Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative: a new fixative for immunoelectron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 22: 1077–1083
Miura S, Sckizuka E, Nagata H, Oshio C, Minamitani H, Suematsu M, Suzuki M, Hamada Y, Kobayashi K, Asakura H, Tsuchiya M (1987) Increased lymphocyte transport by lipid absorption in rat mesenteric lymphatics. Am J Physiol 253: G596-G600
Moore TC, Spruck CH, Said SI (1988) Depression of lymphocyte traffic in sheep by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Immunology 64: 475–478
Murray PD, McKenzie DT, Swain SL, Kagnoff MF (1987) Interleukin 5 and interleukin 4 produced by Peyer's patch T cells selectively enhance immunoglobulin A expression. J Immunol 139: 2669–2674
Nagura H, Hasegawa H, Yoshimura S, Aihara K, Watanabe K, Sawamura S, Ozawa A (1982) Comparative immunohistochemical studies on conventional and germfree rat intestinal mucosa: with special reference to microbiol flora and secretory IgA. In: Sasaki S, Ozawa A, Hashimoto K (eds) Recent advances in germfree research. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 511–517
National Research Council (1978) Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. Nutrient requirements of laboratory animals, no 10. National Academy of Science, Washington DC
Ottaway CA, Greenberg GR (1984) Interaction of vasoactive intestinal peptide with mouse lymphocytes: specific binding and the modulation of mitogen responses. J Immunol 132: 417–423
Ottaway CA, Lewis DL, Asa SL (1987) Vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerves in Peyer's patches. Brain Behav Immunity 1: 148–158
Owen RL, Jones AL (1974) Epithelial cell specialization within human Peyer's patches: an ultrastructural study of intestinal lymphoid follicles. Gastroenterology 66: 189–203
Pike BL, Raubitschek A, Nossal GJV (1984) Human interleukin 2 can promote the growth and differentiation of single haptenspecific B cells in the presence of specific antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7917–7921
Reynolds JD (1988) Lymphocyte traffic associated with the gut: a review of in vivo studies in sheep. In: Husband AJ (ed) Migration and homing of lymphoid cells, Vol II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 113–136
Reynolds JD, Pabst R (1984) The emigration of lymphocytes from Peyer's patches in sheep. Eur J Immunol 14: 7–13
Reynolds JD, Heron I, Dudler L, Trnka Z (1982) T-cell recirculation in the sheep: migratory properties of cells from lymph nodes. Immunology 47: 415–421
Schmitz CG, Metayer EL, Audran E, Hemet J, Colin R (1986) Decreased brush border hydrolase activities without gross morphologic changes in human intestinal mucosa after prolonged total parenteral nutrition of adults. Gastroenterology 90: 373–378
Scicchitano R, Dazin P, Bienenstock J, Payan DG, Stanisz AM (1987) Distribution of somatostatin receptors on murine spleen and Peyer's patch T and B lymphocytes. Brain Behav Immunity 1: 173–184
Stanisz AM, Scicchitano R, Dazin P, Bienenstock J, Payan DG (1987) Distribution of substance P receptors on murine spleen and Peyer's patch T and B cells. J Immunol 139: 749–754
Steer HW (1980) An analysis of the lymphocyte content of rat lacteals. J Immunol 125: 1845–1848
Steiger E, Vars HM, Dudrick SJ (1972) A technique for long-term intravenous feeding in unrestrained rats. Arch Surg 104: 330–332
Streefkerk JG (1972) Inhibition of erythrocyte pseudoperoxidase activity by treatment with hydrogen peroxide following methanol. J Histochem Cytochem 20: 829–831
Towne JB, Hamilton RF, Stephenson DV (1973) Mechanism of hyperalimentation in the suprression of upper gastrointestinal secretions. Am J Surg 126: 714–716
Westermann J, Ronneberg S, Fritz FJ, Pabst R (1989) Proliferation of lymphocyte subsets in the adult rat: a comparison of different lymphoid organs. Eur J Immunol 19: 1087–1093
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tanaka, S., Miura, S., Tashiro, H. et al. Morphological alteration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue after long-term total parenteral nutrition in rats. Cell Tissue Res. 266, 29–36 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00678708
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00678708