Summary
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1.
In homogenates of all tissues, including the hydrorhiza, thermostable factors are present capable of evoking heteropolar regeneration. Isolated heat-stable nematocyst toxins lead, in proper concentrations, to the same symptoms. A heat-labile substance with analogous effects is traceable in extracts of the nematocyst-free proboscis.
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2.
Extracts of gastrozooids and of blastostyles supply a substance which brings about the development of supernumerary tentacles. This substance, which was detectable only after separation of the extract by column chromatography, is digested by trypsin and seems to have a molecular weight in the range of peptide hormones. Heteropolar head-formations, which beyond that have been evoked after the first Chromatographie step on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, remained within the normal range of frequency after further purifying the substance with Sephadex G-25.
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3.
Basic proteins, extracted with 0.57 M NaCl at pH 6.8, and purified by Reineckeprecipitation and by chromatography, block any regeneration and evoke spasmic contractions. By means of discelektrophoresis eight (at pH 8.2) resp. twelve (at pH 4.3) electropositive proteins have been detectable.
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4.
Material of the hydrorhiza retains, when freeze-dried, its inductive capacity.
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5.
In the discussion of the results concerning the apical inducers, the gradient hypothesis is confronted with the concept of an induction sequence. Furthermore, it is explained, that the testing system chosen here and in similar works does not prove the existence of hypostomeinducing (“polarizing”) factors, since not only specific inducers but also inhibitors interfering with the dominance system will give rise to heteropolar regeneration.
Zusammenfassung
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1.
In Homogenaten aller Gewebe ist ein thermostabiler Faktor zugegen, der inverspolare Regenerationen hervorruft. Isolierte, thermostabile Nesselgifte zeitigen gleiche Symptome. Eine thermolabile Substanz mit gleichsinniger Wirkung ist in Extrakten Cniden-freier Mundkegel nachweisbar.
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2.
Eine erst nach chromatographischer Trennung der Extrakte nachweisbare, in Nähr- und Geschlechtspolypen vorhandene Substanz ruft eine Erhöhung der Tentakelzahl und die Entwicklung von Tentakeln außerhalb des Tentakelkranzes hervor. Nach dem 1. Trennschritt an DEAE-Sephadex A-50 darüber hinaus gehäuft aufgetretene inverspolare Peristombildungen blieben nach der 2. Trennung an Sephadex G-25 im Bereich der normalen Häufigkeit. Der Tentakel-induzierende Faktor wird durch Trypsin zerstört; nach der Retention an G-25 liegt sein MG im Bereich der Peptidhormone.
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3.
Bei pH 6,8 und hoher Salinität (= 0,57 M NaCl) extrahierte, säulenchromatographisch und durch Reinecke-Präzipitation isolierte basische Proteine blockieren die Regeneration und rufen spasmische Kontraktionen hervor. Discelektrophoretisch waren bei pH 4,3 zwölf, bei pH 8,2 acht elektropositive Bande nachzuweisen.
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4.
Hydrorhizagewebe behält nach Gefriertrocknung seine induktive Kapazität.
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5.
In der Erörterung der Resultate wird u. a. bezüglich des apikalen Induktionssystems die Vorstellung einer Induktionskaskade der Vorstellung eines Konzentrationsgradienten gegenübergestellt. Es wird dargelegt, daß die hier und in vergleichbaren Arbeiten gewählten Testsysteme den Nachweis Peristom-induzierender („polarisierender“) Faktoren nicht gestatten.
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Zweiter Teil einer Arbeit, die der TU Braunschweig als Habilitationsschrift vorliegt.
Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.
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Müller, W.A. Die Steuerung des morphogenetischen Fließgleichgewichts in den Polypen vonHydractinia echinata . W. Roux' Archiv f. Entwicklungsmechanik 163, 357–374 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577021