Abstract
Morphine administration typically decreases responding of squirrel monkeys trained to avoid electric shock. However, the rate-decreasing effects of morphine on avoidance responding were reversed after either concurrent or prior exposure to a condition in which responding was maintained by shock presentation. These findings demonstrate that behavioral experience can play a significant role in, determining the behavioral effects of drugs and that specific types of environmental conditions can completely reverse the usual effects those drugs have on behavior.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bacotti AV, McKearney JW (1979) Prior and ongoing experience as determinants of the effects of d-amphetamine and chlorpromazine on punished behavior. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 211:80–85
Barrett JE (1977) Behavioral history as a determinant of the effects of d-amphetamine on punished behavior. Science 198:67–69
Barrett JE, Katz JL (1981) Drug effects on behaviors maintained by different events. In: Thompson T, Dews PB, McKim WA (eds) Advances in behavioral pharmacology, vol 3. Academic, New York, pp 119–168
Barrett JE, Stanley JA (1980) Maintenance of responding by squirrel monkeys under a concurrent shock-postponement fixed-interval shock-presentation schedule. J Exp Anal Behav 34:185–198
Dews PB, DeWeese J (1977) Schedules of reinforcement. In: Iversen LL, Iversen SD, Snyder SH (eds) Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol 7. Plenum, New York, pp 151–180
Dews PB, Wenger GR (1977) Rate dependency of the behavioral effects of the amphetamines. In: Thompson T, Dews PB (eds) Advances in behavioral pharmacology, vol 1. Academic, New York, pp 167–227
Dworkin SI, Branch MN (1982) Behavioral effects of morphine and naloxone following chronic morphine administration. Psychopharmacology 77:322–326
Glowa JR, Barrett JE (1983) Drug history modifies the behavioral effects of pentobarbital. Science 220:333–335
Hake DF, Azrin NH (1963) An apparatus for delivering, pain shock to monkeys. J Exp Anal Behav 6:297–298
Holtzman SG (1976) Effects of morphine and narcotic antagonists on avoidance behavior of the squirrel monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 196:145–155
Houser VP (1978) The effects of drugs, upon behavior controlled by aversive stimuli. In: Blackman DE, Sanger DJ (eds) Contemporary research in behavioral pharmacology. Plenum, New York, pp 69–157
Houser VP, Cash RJ (1975) The effects of chronic morphine administration upon a Sidman avoidance schedule that utilized responseindependent shock. Psychopharmacologia 41:255–262
Kelleher RT, Morse WH (1968) Determinants of the specificity of the behavioral effects of drugs. Ergeb Physiol Biol Chem Exp Pharmakol 60:1–56
McKearney JW (1968) Maintenance of responding under a fixed-interval schedule of electric shock presentation. Science 160:1249–1251
McKearney JW (1974) Effects of d-amphetamine, morphine and chlorpromazine on responding under fixed-interval schedules of food presentation or electric shock presentation J Pharmacol Exp Ther 190:141–153
McKearney JW (1979) Interrelations among prior experience and current conditions in the determination of behavior and the effects of drugs. In: Thompson T, Dews PB (eds) Advances in behavioral pharmacology, vol 2. Academic, New York, pp 39–64
Mckearney JW, Barrett JE (1978) Schedule-controlled behavior and the effects of drugs. In: Blackman DE, Sanger DI (eds) Contemporary research in behavioral pharmacology. Plenum, New York, pp 1–68
Morse WH, Kelleher RT (1970) Schedules as fundamental determinants of behavior. In: Schoenfeld WN (ed) The theory of reinforcement schedules. Appleton Century Crofts, New York, pp 139–185
Morse WH, Kelleher RT (1977) Determinants of reinforcement and punishment. In: Honig WK, Staddon JER (eds) Handbook of operant behavior. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 174–200
Sanger DJ, Blackman D (1976) Rate-dependent effects of drugs: A review of the literature. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 4:73–83
Siegel S, Hinson RE, Krank MD, McCulley J (1982) Heroin ‘overdose’ death: Contribution of drug-associated environmental cues. Science 216:436–438
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barrett, J.E., Stanley, J.A. Prior behavioral experience can reverse the effects of morphine. Psychopharmacology 81, 107–110 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00429001
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00429001