Abstract
Symbiotic Chlorellae have been isolated from Paramecium bursaria Ehrbg. and cultivated under conditions of nitrogen deficiency. Reinfection of Chlorella-free Paramecium bursaria with these nitrogen-deficient algae resulted in a complete regeneration and multiplication of the algae within the host cells. The endosymbiotic algal cells of the Paramecium bursaria-symbiosis can be supplied by their host with nitrogen.
The inhibition of photosynthesis by 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) leads in green Paramecium bursaria to a breakdown of the symbiotic steady state-system resulting in a loss of algal cells. Obviously the endosymbiotic algae cannot be fed heterotrophically by their host to such an extent that a stable symbiosis is maintained.
The application of 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) can be used as a new method for culturing Chlorella-free Paramecium bursaria.
Zusammenfassung
Infektionsexperimente algenfreier Paramecium bursaria mit aus diesen isolierten und unter Stickstoffmangel-Bedingungen vorkultivierten Algen deuten darauf hin, daß die Versorgung der endosymbiontischen Algen mit stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen durch ihren Wirt in einem zu gutem Wachstum und Vermehrung der Alge ausreichendem Maße möglich ist. Die Bedeutung dieser stoffwechselphysiologischen Beziehung für die Symbiosepartner wird diskutiert.
Die Vergiftung der Photosynthese der endosymbiontischen Chlorella durch 3-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)-1,1-dimethylharnstoff (DCMU) führt in grünen Paramecium bursaria durch Beeinflussung des Kohlenstoff-Stoffwechsels zu einer Entkoppelung des symbiontischen steady state-Systems und damit zur Auflösung der Symbiose. Eine ausreichende heterotrophe Ernährung der Alge durch das Paramecium ist in der Symbiose offenbar nicht möglich.
Die Anwendung von 3-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)-1,1-dimethylharnstoff (DCMU) kann als neue Methode zur Züchtung algenfreier Paramecium bursaria dienen.
Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Literatur
Bomford, R.: Infection of alga-free Paramecium bursaria with strains of Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and a yeast. J. Protozool. 12, 221–224 (1965)
Brown, J. A., Nielsen, P. J.: Transfer of photosynthetically produced carbohydrate from endosymbiotic chlorellae to Paramecium bursaria. J. Protozool. 21, 569–570 (1974)
Cook, C. B.: Uptake of 35S-amino acids by symbiotic algae (Zoochlorellae) from the food of green Hydra. Amer. Zool. 10, 544 (1970)
Hirshon, J. B.: The response of Paramecium bursaria to potential endocellular symbionts. Biol. Bull. 136, 33–42 (1969)
Karakashian, S. J.: Growth of Paramecium bursaria as influenced by the presence of algal symbionts. Physiol. Zool. 36, 52–68 (1963)
Karakashian, S. J., Karakashian, M. W.: Evolution and synbiosis in the genus Chlorella and related algae. Evolution 19, 368–377 (1965)
Loefer, J. B.: Effect of certain “peptone” media and carbohydrates on the growth of Paramecium bursaria. Arch. Protistenk. 87, 142–150 (1936)
Muscatine, L., Boyle, J. E., Smith, D. C.: Symbiosis of the acoel flatworm Convoluta roscoffensis with the alga Platymonas convolutae. Proc. roy. Soc. B 187, 221–234 (1974)
Pado, R.: Mutual relation of protozoans and symbiotic algae in Paramaecium bursaria. I. The influence of light on the growth of symbionts. Folia Biol. 13, 173–182 (1965)
Pado, R.: Mutual relation of protozoans and symbiotic algae in Paramaecium bursaria. II. Photosynthesis. Acta Soc. Bot. pol. 36, 97–108 (1967)
Parker, R. C.: Symbiosis in Paramecium bursaria. J. exp. Zool. 46, 1–12 (1926)
Pringsheim, E. G.: Physiologische Untersuchungen an Paramaecium bursaria. Arch. Protistenk. 64, 289–418 (1928)
Reisser, W.: Zur Taxonomie einer auxotrophen Chlorella aus Paramecium bursaria Ehrbg. Arch. Microbiol. 104, 293–295 (1975)
Siegel, R. W.: Hereditary endosymbiosis in Paramecium bursaria. Exp. Cell Res. 19, 239–252 (1960)
Sonneborn, T. M.: Methods in the general biology and genetics of Parmecium aurelia. J. exp. Zool. 113, 87–148 (1950)
Trebst, R.: Energy conservation in photosynthetic electron transport of chloroplasts. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 25, 423–458 (1974)
Weis, D. S.: Correlated growth of alga and protozoan in Paramecium bursaria. J. Protozool. 14, 12–13 (1967)
Weis, D. S.: Regulation of host and symbiont population size in Paramecium bursaria. Experientia (Basel) 15, 664–666 (1969)
Weis, D. S.: Sparing effect of light on bacterial consumption of Paramecium bursaria. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 93, 135–140 (1974)
Wichterman, R.: Studies on Zoochlorella-free Paramecium bursaria. Biol. Bull. 81, 304–305 (1941)
Wichterman, R.: The biological effects of X-rays on mating types and conjugation of Paramecium bursaria. Anat. Rec. 87, 113–127 (1943)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Reisser, W. Die stoffwechselphysiologischen Beziehungen zwischen Paramecium bursaria Ehrbg. und Chlorella spec. in der Paramecium bursaria-Symbiose. Arch. Microbiol. 107, 357–360 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425352
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425352