Abstract
Cholera toxin causes reversible epidermal hyperplasia. We observed maximal thickness of the epidermis on the fourth day after treatment and a return to pretreatment values by day 7. The increase in thickness occurred in the basal and intermediate layers, with these layers becoming two to three times thicker than those of normal epidermis. The time sequence of epidermal proliferation was studied using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling. We observed a maximum number of labelled basal cells within the first 24 h. Only a few cells were labelled 7 days after toxin injection. Griffonia simplicifolia-IB4 (GSA-IB4), Ulex europaeus-I (UEA-I) and Griffonia simplicifolia-II (GSA-II) lectins were used for the analysis of epidermal cell differentiation in the tissue sections. To study keratinocyte differentiation, further immunological staining was performed using two anticytokeratin antibodies, PKK2 and PKK3 mouse monoclonal antibodies. From the immunocytochemical results, we conclude that synchronous differentiation of the epidermis occurs after cholera toxin administration.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bell CM, Skerrow CJ (1984) Factors affecting the binding of lectins to normal skin. Br J Dermatol 111: 517–526
Bennett V, Cuatrecasas P (1976) Cholera toxin: Membrane gangliosides and activation of adenylate cyclase. In: Cuatrecasas P (ed) The specificity and action of animal, bacterial and plant toxins. Receptors and recognition series B. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 3–66
Brabec RK, Peters BP, Bernstein IA, Gray RH, Goldstein IJ (1980) Differential lectin binding to cellular membranes in the epidermis of the newborn rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 477–479
Grantzner HG (1982) Monoclonal antibody to 5-bromo and 5-iododeoxyuridine; a new reagent for detection of DNA replication. Science 218: 474–478
Ku WW, Bernstein IA (1985) Preliminary characterization of cell surface glycoproteins associated with epidermal differentiation in the newborn rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 132: 269–276
Kuroki T (1981) Induction by cholera toxin of synchronous divisions in vivo in the epidermis resulting in hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 6958–6962
Kuroki T, Chida K, Munakata K, Murakami Y (1986) Cholera toxin, a potent inducer of epidermal hyperplasia but with no tumor promoting action in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 137: 486–492
Miller MW, Nowakowski RS (1988) Use of bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry to examine the proliferation, migration and time of origin of cells in the central nervous system. Brain Res 457: 44–52
Moll R, Franke WW, Volc-Platzer B, Krepler R (1982) Different keratin polypeptides in epidermis and other epithelia of human skin: a specific cytokeratin of molecular weight 46000 in epithelia of the pilosebaceous tract and basal cell epitheliomas. J Cell Biol 95: 285–295
Nowakowski RS, Lewin SB, Miller MW (1989) Bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical determination of the lengths of the cell cycle and the DNA-synthetic phase for an anatomically defined population. J Neurocytol 18: 311–318
Reano A, Faure M, Jacques Y, Reichert U, Schaefer H, Thivolet J (1982) Lectins as markers of human epidermal cell differentiation. Differentiation 22: 205–210
Schaumburg-Lever G (1990) Ultrastructural localization of lectin-binding sites in normal skin. J Invest Dermatol 94: 465–470
Schweizer J, Winter H (1982) Keratin polypeptide analysis in fetal and in terminally differentiating newborn mouse epidermis. Differentiation 22: 19–24
Takeda M, Obara N, Suzuki Y (1990) Keratin filaments of epithelial and taste-bud cells in the circumvallate papillae of adult and developing mice. Cell Tissue Res 269: 41–48
Trent JM, Gerner E, Broderick R, Crossen PE (1986) Cell cycle analysis using bromodeoxyuridine: comparison of methods for analysis of total cell transit time. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 19: 43–50
Wolf HH, Gnas W (1989) Immunocytochemical detection of in vitro incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine in paraffin sections of human skin. Arch Dermatol Res 281: 209–212
Zieske JD, Bernstein IA (1982) Modification of cell surface glycoprotein: Addition of fucosyl residues during epidermal differentiation. J Cell Biol 95: 626–631
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rahman, S.A., Tsuyama, S. Immunohistochemical study of cell proliferation and differentiation in epidermis of mice after administration of cholera toxin. Arch Dermatol Res 285, 27–31 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00370819
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00370819