Summary
The incidence of non-linearity with stress in the rheological behaviour of wood in bending was shown earlier to occur at an unexpectedly low stress. This has been further confirmed by the study of an additional species, alpine ash.
Tests on hoop pine, one of the species previously studied in bending, have shown that in compression, non-linearity first occurs at stresses which are a much higher fraction of the ultimate stress than in bending, but in approximately the same range of actual stress. This suggests that the cause of non-linearity at such a low stress in bending lies in the fact that the compressive strength is considerably lower than the bending strength. The stress on the compression face of a beam reaches a high percentage of the ultimate compressive strength by the time the bending stress reaches the limit of proportionality in bending and the nonlinear effects in a beam are attributable mainly to stresses near the compression face.
A marked effect of temperature on fractional total creep for hoop pine in compression was found even within the range 20 to 50° C, the creep increasing by a factor of about 2.5 in this range.
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Kingston, R. S. T., Clarke, L. N.: 1961. Some aspects of the rheological behaviour of wood. I. The effect of stress with particular reference to creep. II. Analysis of creep data by reaction-rate and thermodynamic methods. Aust. J. Appl. Sci. 12: 211–249.
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The authors wish to thank Miss N. Ditchburne of the Division of Mathematical Statistics, C.S.I.R.O., for statistical advice and for carrying out statistical computations, and Mr. L. D. Armstrong for valuable discussion and suggestions.
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Kingston, R.S.T., Budgen, B. Some aspects of the rheological behaviour of wood part IV: Non-linear behaviour at high stresses in bending and compression. Wood Science and Technology 6, 230–238 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351580
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351580