Summary
The differential effects of vision on motion sickness in cars were tested under real road conditions using linear accelerations, in order to confirm earlier laboratory results on visual modulation of vestibular nausea induced by angular accelerations of the body.
The 18 voluntary subjects were exposed to repetitive braking maneuvers (linear accelerations: 0.1–1.2 g) on a highway. The simultaneous visual stimulus conditions for the 3 separate days were: I) eyes open, visual control of car motion; II) eyes closed; III) eyes open, artificial stationary visual field (reading).
The severity of motion sickness (magnitude estimation 1–10) was a function of the visual stimulus condition with significant differences among these conditions: I) moderate nausea (<1) with adequate visual motion perception; II) medium nausea (≈2) with eyes closed and somatosensory-vestibular excitation only; III) strong nausea (>5) with conflicting sensory input, when vestibular acceleration is in disagreement with the visual information of no movement. Providing ample peripheral vision of the relatively moving surround is the best strategy to alleviate car sickness.
Zusammenfassung
Mit Hilfe von Autoversuchen wurde die früher im Labor für Winkelbeschleunigungen gefundene visuelle Modulation vestibulären Schwindels auf ihre praktische Bedeutung zur physikalischen Prävention von Bewegungskrankheit, vorwiegend durch Linearbeschleunigungen auf der Straße, überprüft.
Achtzehn freiwillige Versuchspersonen wurden an drei nicht aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen als Beifahrer in einem Kraftfahrzeug auf einer geraden Autobahn-Teststrecke über 4 × 1,7 km einem festgelegten Muster richtungswechselnder Linearbeschleunigungen (0,1–1,2 g) unter Variation der gleichzeitigen visuellen Reizbedingungen ausgesetzt: I) Augen auf, visuelle Kontrolle der Fahrzeugbeschleunigungen; II) Augen zu; III) Augen auf, künstlicher stationärer Ganzfeldreiz (Kartenlesen).
Die Stärke der durch die alternierenden Beschleunigungen ausgelösten Bewegungskrankheit (magnitude estimation 1–10) wurde signifikant durch simultane visuelle Reizbedingungen bestimmt: a) geringe Übelkeit (<1) unter adäquater visueller Bewegungswahrnehmung; b) mittlere Übelkeit (≈2) bei rein vestibulärer Reizung und geschlossenen Augen; c) starke Übelkeit (>5), wenn die visuelle Information scheinbarer Unbewegtheit den labyrinthären Beschleunigungsreizen widerspricht. Bewegungskrankheit in Autos entsteht vorwiegend durch visuell-vestibuläre Reizkonflikte und läßt sich wirkungsvoll durch visuelle Kontrolle der auftretenden Fahrzeugbeschleunigungen unterdrücken.
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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft Br639/3 „Bewegungskrankheit“ und der DFVLR „Biomedizinische Untersuchungen des Experiments Space-Sled“
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Probst, T., Krafczyk, S., Büchele, W. et al. Visuelle Prävention der Bewegungskrankheit im Auto. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 231, 409–421 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342721
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342721