Abstract
The process of metastasis is highly selective and favors the survival and growth of a few subpopulations of cells that preexist within a heterogecous primary neoplasm. To produce metastases, tumor cells must succeed in invasion, embolization, survival in the circulation, arrest in a distant capillary bed, and extravasation into and multiplication in organ parenchyma. The outcome of this process depends on the interaction of metastatic cells with multiple host factors. To assess metastatic potential accurately, it is necessary to orthotopically implant human tumor cells recovered from surgical specimens into nude mice. This orthotopic implantation of tumor cells is invariably associated with trauma to the specific organ of implantation, which is followed by the processes of inflammation and repair. Tissue-specific growth factors may be responsible for stimulation of tumor cells that possess specific surface receptors. Understanding the factors that regulate cancer metastasis should allow for the design of rational therapy.
Résumé
Les métastases relèvent d'un phénomène hautement sélectif responsable de la survie et de la croissance d'une quantité réduite de sous-populations cellulaires préexistantes à l'intérieur de la tumeur primitive. Pour pouvoir métastaser, les cellules tumorales doivent franchir la première barrière tissulaire, emboliser et survivre dans la circulation, s'arrêter dans un lit capillaire à distance, s'extravaser et se multiplier dans le parenchyme de l'organe cible métastasé. Le résultat de ce processus dépend de l'interaction des cellules métastatiques avec des facteurs multiples dépendant de l'hôte. Pour évaluer le potentiel métastatique, il faut implanter des cellules humaines tumorales chez la sourie nude orthotopiquement. Cette implantation orthotopique est associée invariablement avec le traumatisme de l'organe spécifique, suivie d'inflammation et ensuite de réparation. Les facteurs de croissance spécifiques pourraient être responsables de la stimulation des cellules tumorales qui lisent des récepteurs spécifques de surface. La compréhension des facteurs qui régissent le phénomène de métastases devraient aider à établir une meilleure thérapeutique.
Resumen
El proceso del desarrollo de metástasis neoplásicas es altamente selectivo y favorece la supervivencia y el crecimiento de las pocas subpoblaciones de las células preexistentes dentro de un neoplasma primario heterogéneo. Para producir metástasis, las células tumorales deben lograr con éxito la invasión, embolización, supervivencia en la circulación permanencia en una red capilar distante y extra-vasación para multiplicarse en el parénquima de un órgano. El resultado final de este proceso depende de la interacción de las células metastáticas con múltiples factores presentes en el huésped. Para determinar con precisión el potencial metastático es necesario implantar ortotópicamente células tumorales humanas recuperadas de especímenes quirúrgicos en ratones atímicos. Esta implantación ortotópica de células tumorales invariablemente se ve asociada con trauma al órgano específico de implantación trauma que es seguido por el proceso de inflamación y reparación. Los factores de crecimiento tisular pueden ser responsables del estímulo de las células tumorales que posean los correspondientes receptores específicos de superficie. La mejor comprensión de los factores que regulan las metástasis cancerosas habrá de permitir el diseño de terapias racionales.
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Gutman, M., Fidler, I.J. Biology of human colon cancer metastasis. World J. Surg. 19, 226–234 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308631
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308631