Summary
Protoplasts from a nitrate reductase-deficient mutant of Nicotiana tabacum (cnx−68) were fused with protoplasts of 3 different cytoplasmically male-sterile cultivars of tobacco. Two cultivars had no stamens in the mature flowers and the third had petaloid structures in place of the stamens. Plants were regenerated from the fused protoplasts and characterized with respect to stamen development, chromosome number, and two chloroplast-coded traits. Nearly all hybrid plants displayed the chloroplast traits of only one parent, indicating that chloroplast segregation had occurred. The frequency of appearance of each chloroplast type differed according to the species origin of the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts from N. undulata competed much better than those from N. tabacum; N. suaveolens somewhat better than N. tabacum; and N. glauca about equally with N. tabacum. These results are compatible with an interpretation that equal frequency of appearance of chloroplast type among the regenerated plants occurs if the chloroplast DNAs of the parents are similar, whereas a bias of chloroplast type appears among the regenerated plants when the chloroplast DNAs are different. The appearance of aberrations in stamen development resembling the cytoplasmic male-sterile parental types was infrequent among the hybrid plants in all three crosses. Thus sterility factors were generally overcome by fertility factors following somatic hybridization.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aviv D, Galun E (1980) Restoration of fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Nicotiana sylvestris by fusion with X-irradiated N. tabacum protoplasts. Theor Appl Genet 58:121–127
Aviv D, Fluhr R, Edelman M, Galun E (1980) Progeny analysis of the interspecific somatic hybrids: Nicotiana tabacum (CMS) + Nicotiana sylvestris with respect to nuclear and chloroplast markers. Theor Appl Genet 56:145–150
Belliard G, Pelletier G, Vedel F, Quetier F (1978) Morphological characteristics and chloroplast DNA distribution in different cytoplasmic parasexual hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum. Mol Gen Genet 165:231–237
Berbeć J, Berbeć A (1976) Growth and development of Nicotiana tabacum L. form reconstituted on the cytoplasm of Nicotiana glauca Grah. Genet Pol 17:309–318
Burk LG (1960) Male-sterile flower anomalies in interspecific tobacco hybrids. J Hered 51:27–31
Chaplin JF (1964) Use of male-sterile tobaccos in the production of hybrid seed. Tob Sci 8:28–32
Chen KS, Johal S, Wildman SG (1977 a) Phenotypic markers for chloroplast DNA genes in higher plants and their use in Biochemical genetics. In: Bogorad L, Weil JH (eds) Nucleic acid synthesis in plants. Plenum, New York, pp 183–194
Chen K, Wildman SG, Smith HH (1977b) Chloroplast DNA distribution in parasexual hybrids as shown by polypeptide composition of fraction 1 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5109–5112
Douglas GC, Wetter LR, Nakamura C, Keller WA, Setterfield G (1981) Somatic hybridization between Nicotiana rustica and N. tabacum. 4. Analysis of nuclear and chloroplast genome expression in somatic hybrids. Can J Bot 59:1509–1513
Galun E, Arzee-Gonen P, Fluhr R, Edelman M, Aviv D (1982) Cytoplasmic hybridization in Nicotiana: mitochondrial DNA analysis in progenies resulting from fusion between protoplasts having different organelle constitutions. Mol Gen Genet 186:50–56
Gerstel DU (1980) Cytoplasmic male sterility in Nicotiana (a review). NC Agric Res Serv Tech Bull 263:1–31
Gleba YY (1978) Extranuclear inheritance investigated by somatic hybridization. In: Thorpe TA (ed) Frontiers of plant tissue culture 1978. Calgary, Int Assoc for Plant Tissue Culture, pp 95–102
Gleba Y, Butenko RG, Sytnik KM (1975) Parasexual hybridization in Nicotiana tabacum by protoplast fusion. Dokl Acad Nauk USSR 221:1196–1198
Glimelius K, Bonnett HT (1981) Somatic hybridization in Nicotiana: restoration of photoautotrophy to an albino mutant with defective plastids. Planta 153:497–503
Glimelius K, Chen K, Bonnett HT (1981) Somatic hybridization in Nicotiana: segregation of organellar traits among hybrid and cybrid plants. Planta 153:504–510
Goodspeed TH (1954) The genus Nicotiana. Chronica Botanica, Waltham, Mass
Hoffmann F (1983) Somatic cell hybrids and plant formation. Results Probl Cell Differ 12 (in press)
Iwai S, Nakata K, Nagao T, Kawashima N, Matsuyama S (1981) Detection of the Nicotiana rustica chloroplast genome coding for the large subunit Fraction I protein in a somatic hybrid in which only the N. tabacum chloroplast genome appeared to have been expressed. Planta 152:478–480
Kung SD, Zhu YS, Chen K, Shen GF, Sisson V (1981) Nicotiana chloroplast genome. 2. Chloroplast DNA alteration. Mol Gen Genet 183:20–24
Kung SD, Zhu YS, Shen GF (1982) Nicotiana chloroplast genome. 3. Chloroplast DNA evolution. Theor Appl Genet 61:73–79
Müller AJ, Grafe R (1978) Isolation and characterization of cell lines of Nicotiana tabacum lacking nitrate reductase. Mol Gen Genet 161:67–76
Nakata K, Oshima H (1982) Cytoplasmic chimaericity in the somatic hybrids of tobacco. In: Fujiwara A (ed) Plant tissue culture 1982. Japanese Assoc for Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo, pp 641–642
Sidorov VA, Menczel L, Nagy F, Maliga P (1981) Chloroplast transfer in Nicotiana based on metabolic complementation between irradiated and iodoacetate treated protoplasts. Planta 152:341–345
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by Y. Gleba
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bonnett, H.T., Glimelius, K. Somatic hybridization in Nicotiana: behavior of organelles after fusion of protoplasts from male-fertile and male-sterile cultivars. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 65, 213–217 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308069
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308069