Summary
That meiosis is conditioned by a large number of genes majority of which are present in a dominant state, is evidenced by the detection of numerous monogenic recessive mutant genes which affect the premeiotic, meiotic and post-meiotic course of events. These genes are site- and stage-specific, and a few are sex specific. Of these, the most prevalent are the mutant genes affecting male meiosis and causing male sterility (ms genes) and those inhibiting synapsis and chiasma formation (synaptic genes) and leading to gametic sterility. Majority of the mutant genes affect the entire chromosomal complement but a few influence only specific chromosomes of a complement so that the chromosomes behave differentially within a genome of the same species. Some mutant genes alter chromosome form and function, others modify integrity, degree of spiralization, movement and migration of chromosomes. Their cytogenetic behaviour, genetic significance and breeding utility are described and discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Abirached-Darmency M, Zickler D, Cauderon Y (1983) Synaptonemal complex and recombination nodules in rye. Chromosoma 88:299–306
Ahloowalia BS (1969) Desynapsis in diploid and tetraploid clones of rye grass. Genetica 40:379–392
Ahloowalia BS (1972) Genetic control of post synaptic phase of meiosis in rye grass. Chromosomes Today 3:93–103
Armstrong JM, Huskins CL (1934) Further studies on the cytology of Matthiola incana. J Genet 29:29–50
Bahavandas M, Veluswamy P (1968) A case of asynapsis in Gossypium hirsutum. Andhra Agric J 15:146–148
Baker RL, Morgan DT (1969) Control of pairing in maize and meiotic interchromosomal effects of deficiencies in chromosome 2. Genetics 61:91–106
Baker B, Carpenter ATC, Esposito MS, Esposito RE, Sandler L (1976) The genetic control of meiosis. Ann Rev Genet 10:53–134
Bayliss MW, Riley R (1972) An analysis of temperature- dependent asynapsis in Triticum aestivum. Genet Res 20:193–200
Beadle GW (1929) A gene for supernumerary mitoses during spore development in Zea mays. Science 70:406–407
Beadle GW (1932) A gene for sticky chromosomes in Zea mays. Z Indukt Abstamm Vererbungsl 63:195–217
Beadle GW (1933) Further study of asynaptic maize. Cytologia 4:269–287
Beadle GW (1937) Chromosome aberration and gene mutation in sticky chromosome plants of Zea mays. Cytologia Fujii Jubilee Vol, pp 43–56
Beasley JO, Brown MS (1942) Asynaptic Gossypium plants and their polyploids. J Agric Res 65:421–427
Bergner AD, Cartledge JL, Blakeslee AF (1934) Chromosome behaviour due to a gene which prevents metaphase pairing in Datura. Cytologia 6:19–37
Blakeslee AF (1928) Carnegie Inst Washington, Yearb 27:42
Blakeslee AF, Avery AG (1934) Three genes located in the 21.22 chromosome of the jimson wed. J Hered 25: 293
Bozzini A, Martini G (1971) Analysis of desynaptic mutants induced in durum wheat (Triticum durum desf). Caryologia 24:307–316
Brown MS (1948) Asynapsis in the progeny of a monosomic plant of cotton. Genetics 33:97
Burnham CR (1946) A gene for ‘long’ chromosomes in barley. Genetics 31:212–223
Burnham CR (1963) Chromosome pairing at meiosis. Proc 11th Int Congr Genet 1, 110 pp
Carapetian J, Knowles PF (1976) Inheritance of genic sterility in cultivated safflower. Crop Sci 16: 395–399
Carapetian J, Rupert EA (1977) Meiotic irregularities caused by interacting sterility genes in cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Can J Genet Cytol 19:103–109
Carpenter ATC (1979) Recombination nodules and synaptonemal complex in recombination defective females of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 75:259–292
Catcheside DG (1939) An asynaptic Oenothera. New Phytol 38:323–334
Celarier RP (1955) Desynapsis in Tradescantia. Cytologia 20:69–83
Chao CY, Li D, Hu WL (1960) A desynaptic mutant in rice. Bot Bull Acad Sin 1:29–36
Chheda HR, DeWet JMJ (1961) Desynapsis in Bothriochloa hybrids. Proc Okla Acad Sci 41:14–19
Chheda HR, Harlan JR (1962) Mode of chromosome association in Bothriochloa hybrids. Caryologia 15: 461–476
Clark FJ (1940) Cytogenetic studies of divergent meiotic spindle formation in Zea mays. Am J Bot 27:547–559
Clausen RE, Cameron DR (1944) Inheritance in Nicotiana tabacum. Genetics 29:447–477
Darlington CD, Haque A (1955) The timing of mitosis and meiosis in Allium ascalonicum. A problem of differentiation. Heredity 9:117–127
Dayal N (1977) Genotypic control of chiasma terminalization in radish. Curr Sci 46:201–202
Dempsey E (1958) Occurrence of crossover strands in the diploid gametes of asynaptic plants. Maize Genet Coop Newslett 32: 73–79
Dempsey E (1959) Analysis of crossing-over in haploid gametes of asynaptic plants. Maize Genet Coop Newslett 33:54–55
Dhesi JS, Gill BS, Sharma HL (1973) Cytological studies of desynaptic stock in pearl millet, Pennisetum typhoides. Cytologia 38:311–316
Driscoll CJ (1972) Genetic suppression of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hexaploid wheat. Can J Genet Cytol 14: 39–42
Driscoll CJ (1973) Minor genes affecting homoeologous pairing in hybrids between wheat and related genera. Genetics 74: s566
Driscoll CJ, Darvey NL, Barber HN (1970) Mode of action of the pairing-limitation gene in wheat. Chromosomes Today 3:86–92
Dyck PL (1964) Desynapsis in diploid oats, Avena strigosa and its use in the production of trisomies. Can J Genet Cytol 6:238
Dyck PL, Rajathy T (1966) A desynaptic mutant in Avena strigosa. Can J Genet Cytol 7:418–421
Enns H, Larter EN (1960) Note on the inheritance of ds, a gene governing meiotic chromosome behaviour in barley. Can J Plant Sci 40:570
Enns H, Larter EN (1962) Linkage relations of ds, a gene governing chromosome behaviour in barley and its effect on gene recombination. Can J Genet Cytol 4:263–266
Ezhova TA, Balakrireva HD, Gostimsky SA (1977) Allelic desynaptic mutations in pea. Genetica 13: 429
Feldman M (1966a) The effect of chromosomes 5B, 5D and 5A on chromosome pairing in Triticum aestivum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 55:1447–1453
Feldman M (1966b) The mechanism regulating pairing in Triticum timopheevi. Wheat Inf Serv 21:1–2
Feldman M (1968) Regulation of somatic association and meiotic pairing in common wheat. In: Finley KW, Shepard KW (eds) Proc 3rd Int Wheat Genet Symp. New York, Plenum Press, pp 31–40
Feldman M (1971) The regulation of chromosome pairing in intervarietal, inter-specific, and inter-generic hybrids of common wheat. Eur Wheat Aneuploids Coop Newslett 3:2–4
Feldman M, Avivi L (1973) The pattern of chromosomal arrangement in nuclei of common wheat and its genetic control. In: Sears ER, Sears LMS (eds) Proc 4th Int Wheat Genet Symp. Mo Agric Exp Stn, Columbia Mo, pp 675–684
Feldman M, Mello-Sampayo T, Avivi L (1972) Somatic association of homoeologous chromosomes in Triticum aestivum. Chromosoma 37:209–222
Feldman M, Mello-Sampayo T, Sears ER (1966) Somatic association in Triticum aestivum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 56:1192–1199
Frankel R, Galun E (1977) Pollination mechanisms, reproduction and plant breeding. In: Frankel R, Gall GAE, Grossmann M, Linskens HF, Zeeuw D de, Riley R (eds) Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 281 pp
Franzke CJ, Ross JG (1952) Colchicine induced variants in Sorghum. J Hered 43:107–115
Frost HB (1919) Mutation in Matthiola. Univ Calif Publ Agric Sci 2:81–190
Gaiser LO (1950) Asynapsis and triploidy in a population of Liatris ligulistylis. Lloydia 13:229
Gauthier FM, McGinnis RC (1968) The meiotic behaviour of a nullihaploid plant in Avena sativa L. Can J Genet Cytol 10:186–189
Golubovskaya IN (1977) In: Khvostova VV, Bogdanov YuF (eds) Cytology and genetics of meiosis. Nauka, Moscow, p 312
Golubovskaya IN (1979) Genetic control of meiosis. Int Rev Cytol 58:247–290
Golubovskaya IN, Mashnenkov AS (1975) Genetika 11:7
Golubovskaya IN, Mashnenkov AS (1976) Genetic control of meiosis. 2. A desynaptic maize mutant induced by N-nitroso-N-methyl urea. Genetika 12:7–14
Golubovskaya IN, Mashnenkov AS (1977) Multiple disturbances at meiosis in maize caused by a single recessive mutation pam A-344. Genetika 13:1910–1922
Golubovskaya IN, Safonova VT, Khristolyubova NB (1980) Sequence of switching-on of meiotic genes in maize in the course of meiosis (in Russia). Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 250:450–460
Golubovskaya IN, Urbach VG (1981) Study of the allelism of meiotic mutations with phenotypically similar disturbances at meiosis. Genetika 17:1975–1982
Goodspeed TH, Avery P (1939) Trisomics and other types in Nicotiana syhestris. J Genet 38:381–458
Gostimsky SA (1976) Cytogenetic analysis of a lethal xantha chlorophyll mutant obtained after treatment of pea seeds with ethyleneimine. Probl Industisirovannogo Mutagenezasaransk: 35–41
Goswamy LC (1980) Cytogenetics and breeding behaviour of X-ray induced chlorophyll mutants in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Genet Agrar 34:299–311
Gottschalk W (1968) Investigations on the genetic control of meiosis. Nucleus Suppl on Chromosomes, pp 345–360
Gottschalk W, Pietrini VR (1965) The influence of mutant genes on chiasma formation in Pisum sativum. Cytologia 30:88
Gottschalk W, Baquar SR (1971) Desynapsis in Pisum sativum induced through gene mutation. Can J Genet Cytol 13:138
Gottschalk W, Konvička O (1971) Die Meiosis einer partiell sterilen Mutante von Brassica oleracea var ‘capitata’. Cytologia 36:269–280
Gottschalk W, Konvička O (1972) Desynapsis bei Brassica oleracea. Biologia 27:179–186
Gottschalk W, Milutinovic M (1973) Trisomies from desynaptic mutants. Nucleus 16:1–10
Gottschalk W, Kaul MLH (1974) The genetic control of microsporogenesis in higher plants. Nucleus 17: 133–166
Gottschalk W, Konvička O (1975) Die Meiosis einer partiell asynaptischen Pisum -Mutante. Cytobiologie Z Exp Zellforsch 10:458–467
Gottschalk W, Klein HD (1976) The influence of mutated genes on sporogenesis. A survey on the genetic control of meiosis in Pisum sativum. Theor Appl Genet 48:23–34
Gottschalk W, Kaul MLH (1980a) Asynapsis and desynapsis in flowering plants. 1. Asynapsis. Nucleus 23: 1–15
Gottschalk W, Kaul MLH (1980 b) Asynapsis and desynapsis in flowering plants. 2. Desynapsis. Nucleus 23: 97–120
Gowen MS, Gowen JW (1922) Complete linkage in Drosophila melanogaster. Am Nat 56:286–288
Hadley HH, Starnes WJ (1964) Sterility in soybeans caused by asynapsis. Crop Sci 4:421–424
Hayter AM, Riley R (1967) Duplicate genetic activities effecting meiotic chromosome pairing at low temperatures in Triticum. Nature 216:1028–1029
Hollingshead L (1930) Cytological investigations of hybrids and derivatives of Crepis capillaris and C. tectorum. Univ Calif Publ Agric Sci 6:55–94
Hutchinson JB, Gadkari PD (1935) A note on the inheritance of sterility in cotton. Indian J Agric Sci 5: 619
Iwanaga M, Peloquin SJ (1979) Synaptic mutant affecting only megasporogenesis in potato. J Hered 70: 385–389
Iwanaga M, Peloquin SJ (1980) FDR and SDR 2n egg. formation in diploid potatoes. Am Potato J 57:482–483
Jana MK (1962) X-ray induced mutants of Phaseolus mungo L. 2. Sterility and vital mutants. Genet Iber 14:71
Jauhar PP (1975) Genetic control of diploid-like meiosis in hexaploid tall fescue. Nature 254:595–597
Jauhar PP, Sing U (1969) Desynapsis and the blockage of meiosis in Pennisetum orientale Rich. Theor Appl Genet 39:315–319
Johnsson H (1944) Meiotic aberrations and sterility in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Hereditas 30:469–566
Johnston SA, Hanneman HE Jr, Rhude RW (1981) Identification of an asynaptic variant in Solanum commersonii. Am Potato J 58:506
Jones GH (1967) The control of chiasma distribution in rye. Chromosoma 22:69–90
Jones GH (1968) Meiotic errors in rye related to chiasma formation. Mutat Res 5:385–395
Jones GH (1969) Further correlations between chiasmata and U-type exchanges in rye meiosis. Chromosoma 26:105–118
Jones GH (1974) Correlated components of chiasma variation and the control of chiasma distribution in rye. Heredity 32: 375–387
Jones RN, Karp A (1983) Genetic control of chiasma distribution in Lolium perenne. In: Swaminathan MS, Chopra VL, Joshi BC, Sharma RP, Bansal HC (eds) Abstracts of contributed papers, 15th Int Congr Genet. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi Bombay Calcutta, p 665
Kalia HR (1962) A cytogenetic study of asynapsis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). J Genet 58:65–80
Karp A, Jones RN (1982) Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne. 1. Chiasma frequency variation in inbred lines. Theor Appl Genet 62:177–183
Kasha KJ, Walker GWR (1960) Several recent barley mutants and their linkages. Can J Genet Cytol 2:397–415
Katayama T (1953) Cytogenetical studies on the sterile and wild senna (Cassia tara L) produced by atomic bomb explosion. 2. Crossing experiments between normal and asynaptic plants, and inheritance of the asynaptic plant. Sci Bull Fac Agric Kyushu Univ 14:205
Katayama T (1961) Cytogenetical studies on asynaptic rice plant (Oryza sativa L) induced by X-ray. La Kromosomo 48: 1591
Kempanna C, Riley R (1962) Relationships between the genetic effects of deficiencies for chromosomes III and V on meiotic pairing in Triticum aestivum. Nature 195:1270–1273
Kihara H, Saito K (1972) An asynaptic strain in the watermelon produced from γ-ray treatment. Sciken Ziho 23:63–65
Kimber G (1961) Basis of the diploid like behaviour of polyploid cotton. Nature 191:98–100
Kitada K, Kurata N, Satoh H, Omura T (1983) Genetic control of meiosis in rice, Oryza sativa L. I. Classification of meiotic mutants induced by NMU and their characteristics. Jpn J Genet 58:231–240
Klein HD (1969a) Desynaptische Mutanten mit Unterschieden im Univalentenverhalten. Genetica 40:566–576
Klein HD (1969b) Desynapsis und Chromosomenbrüche in einer Mutante von Pisum sativum. Mutat Res 8: 277–284
Klein HD (1970) Asynapsis and extensive chromosome breakage in Pisum. Caryologia 23:251–257
Klein HD (1971) Eine Pisum Mutante mit zahlreichen meiotischen Störungen. Cytologia 36:15–25
Klein HD, Milutinovic M (1971) Genetische Kontrolle des Konjugation-Prozesses der Meiosis in röntgen- und neutronen induzierten Mutanten. Genetika 3:1–12
Klein HD, Baquar SR (1972) Genetically controlled chromosome breakage and reunion in meiosis. Chromosoma 37: 223–231
Koduru PRK (1980) Chromosome pairing and meiotic behaviour of univalents in the synaptic mutants of pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke (Gramineae). Genetica 54:191–195
Koduru PRK, Rao MK (1981) Cytogenetics of synaptic mutants in higher plants. Theor Appl Genet 59:197–214
Koduru PRK, Murthy TGK, Lakshmi KV, Rao MK (1982) Analysis of chromosome pairing and breakage in pearl millet. Genet Res 40:165–174
Koller PC (1938) Asynapsis in Pisum sativum. J Genet 36:275–306
Kolobaeva EA (1974) Features of meiosis in an asynaptic form of tetraploid rye, Secale cereale L. Biologiya 1: 135–141
Konvička O, Gottschalk W (1971) Cytologische Untersuchungen an strahleninduzierten Mutanten von Brassica oleracea var‘capitata’. Biol Plant 13:325–332
Konvička O, Gottschalk W (1974) Studies on the meiosis of sterile mutants of Allium cepa. Angew Bot 48:9–19
Koul AK (1962) Desynapsis and spontaneous chromosome breakage in Allium cepa. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 19:115–120
Koul MLH (1964) Cytogenetics of polyploids. I: Cytology of polyploid Artemisia vulgaris. Cytologia 29:407–414
Koul MLH (1965) Cytogenetics of polyploids. II: Cytology of polyploid Artemisia maritima Linn. Cytologia 30:1–9
Krishnaswamy N, Raman VS, Maahavamenon P (1949) Abnormal meiosis in Pennisetum typhoides. 1. Desynapsis. Proc Indian Acad Sci B30:195–206
Krishnaswamy N, Meenakshi K (1957) Abnormal meiosis in grain sorghum. 1. Desynapsis. Cytologia 22:250–263
Krishnaswamy N, Chandrasekharan P, Meenakshi K (1958) Abnormal meiosis in the grain sorghums. 2. The cytogenetics of the progeny of the desynaptic plant-2. Cytologia 23:251
Kumar S, Gupta PK (1978) An induced sterile mutant in black gram (Vigna mungo L) showing failure of chromosome pairing. Natl Acad Sci Lett 1:51
Lacadena JR, Piqueras MJ (1971) Desynapsis in Aegilops triaristata Willd. 7. Jordanas de genetica Luso-espanholas.
La Cour LF, Wells B (1970) Meiotic prophase in anthers of asynaptic wheat. A light and electron microscopical study. Chromosoma 29:419–427
Lakshmi KV, Murthy TGK, Koduru PRK (1979) Cytogenetic behaviour and phosphate and potassium content in desynaptic pearl millet. Theor Appl Genet 55:189–190
Lesley MM, Frost HB (1927) Mendelian inheritance of chromosome shape in Matthiola. Genetics 12: 449–460
Lewis KR, John B (1966) The meiotic consequence of spontaneous chromosome breakage. Chromosoma 18:287–304
Li HW, Pao WK, Li CH (1945) Desynapsis in common wheat. Am J Bot 32:92–101
Loidl J (1982) Relation between C-bands and chiasmata in bivalents of Allium flavum and A. carinatum. Genetica 60: 31–35
Löve A (1943) A Y-linked inheritance of asynapsis in Rumex acetosa. Nature 152:358–359
Magoon ML, Ramanna MS, Shambulingappa KG (1961) Desynapsis and spontaneous chromosome breakage in Sorghum purpureo-sericeum. Indian J Genet 21:87–97
Malick CP, Tandon SL (1960) Meiotic abnormalities and failure of spindle mechanism in Suaeda fruticosa Forsk. Caryologia 13:516–522
Martini G, Bozzini A (1966) Radiation induced asynaptic mutations in durum wheat (Triticum durum desf). Chromosoma 20:257–266
May KW, Kasha KJ (1971) Desynapsis in Phleum nodosum (Abstr). Can J Genet Cytol 12:560
May KW, Kasha KJ (1980) The cytological expression and inheritance of desynapsis in a clone of diploid timothy (Pleum nodosum L). Euphytica 29:233–240
Mehra RC (1975) Spindle abnormalities in a ‘sticky chromosome’ meiotic mutant. Genetics (Suppl) 80:3–56
Mehra RC, Rai KS (1970) Cytogenetic studies of meiotic abnormalities in Collinsia tinctoria. I: Chromosome stickiness. Can J Genet Cytol 12:560–569
Mehra RC, Rai KS (1972) Cytogenic studies of meiotic abnormalities in Collinsia tinctoria. 2. Desynapsis. Can J Genet Cytol 14:637–644
Mello-Sampayo T (1968) Homoeologous chromosome pairing in pentaploid hybrids of wheat. In: Sears ER, Seras LMS (eds) Proc 4th Int Wheat Genet Symp. Mo Agric Exp Stn Columbia Mo, pp 179–195
Mello-Sampayo T (1971a) Genetic regulation of meiotic chromosome pairing by chromosome 3D of Triticum aestivum. Nature New Biol 230:22–23
Mello-Sampayo T (1971b) Promotion of homoeologous pairing in hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Aegilops longissima. Genet Iber 23:1–9
Mello-Sampayo T, Canas AP (1973) Suppressors of meiotic chromosome pairing in common wheat. In: Sears ER, Sears LMS Proc 4th Int Wheat Genet Symp. Mo Agric Exp Stn. Columbia Mo, pp 709–713
Menzel MY, Brown MS (1955) Isolating mechanisms in hybrids of Gossypium gossypoides. Am J Bot 42: 49–57
Miller OL (1963) Cytological studies in asynaptic maize. Genetics 48:1445–1466
Minocha JL, Dhesi JS, Sighu JS (1976) Inheritance of desynapsis in pearl millet. Indian J Genet 35:470–471
Misra RN, Shastry SVS (1969) Desynapsis and intragenomic differentiation in cultivated species of Oryza. Cytologia 34:1
Mitra GC, Singh DP (1971) A case of asynapsis in jute (Corchorus olitorius L). Genet Iber 23:43
Moens PB (1968) Chromosome pairing, chiasmata and crossing-over in asynaptic tomato mutants (abstr). Can J Genet Cytol 10: 769
Moens PB (1969) Genetic and cytological effects of three desynaptic genes in the tomato. Can J Genet Cytol 11:857–869
Moh CC, Nilan RA (1954) “Short’ chromosome- a mutant in barley induced by atomic bomb irradiation. Cytologia 19:48–54
Mok DWS, Peloquin SJ (1975a) Three mechanisms of 2n pollen formation in diploid potatoes. Can J Genet Cytol 17:217–225
Mok DWS, Peloquin SJ (1975b) The inheritance of three mechanisms of diplandroid (2n pollen) formation in diploid potatoes. Heredity 35:295–302
Murthy TGK (1982) Cytogenetics of six spontaneous meiotic meiotic mutants of pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke. PhD. Thesis Andhra University, Waltair, India
Nel PM (1973) Reduced recombination associated with the asynaptic mutant of maize. Genetics 74:193–194
Nel PM (1975) Crossing-over and diploid egg formation in the elongate mutant of maize. Genetics 79:435–450
Nel PM (1979) Effects of the asynaptic factor on recombination in maize. J Hered 70:401–406
Nelson OE Jr, Clary GB (1952) Genetic control of semisterility in maize. J Hered 43:205–210
Okamoto M (1957) Asynaptic effect of chromosome V. Wheat Inf Serv 5:6
Okamoto M (1963) Mutation of a gene (or genes) for asynapsis and its use in plant breeding. Wheat Inf Serv 15/16: 43–44
Okuwagu CO, Peloquin SJ (1981) A method of transferring the intact parental genotype to the offspring via meiotic mutants. Am Potato J 58:512–513
Omara MK, Hayward MD (1978) Asynapsis in Lolium perenne. Chromosoma 67:87–96
Palmer RG (1974) A desynaptic mutant in soybean. J Hered 65:280–286
Palmer RG, Heer H (1976) Aneuploids from a desynaptic mutant in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr). Cytologia 41:417–427
Palmer RG, Kaul MLH (1983) Genetics, cytology and linkage studies of a desynaptic soybean mutant. J Hered 74: 260–264
Pantulu JV, Manga V (1971) Monofactorial ‘Multiploid sporocytes’ condition induced by EMS in pearl millet. Genetica 42:214–218
Pantulu JV, Subbarao MV (1976) The effect of a desynaptic gene on B-chromosomes in pearl millet. Curr Sci 45: 418–420
Pao WK, Li HW (1948) Desynapsis and other abnormalities induced by high temperature. J Genet 48:297
Paria P, Basak SL (1980) Desynapsis and spontaneous trisomy in jute (Corchorus olitorius L). Theor Appl Genet 56:253–256
Paria P, Basu MS, Chattopadhya S (1978) Genetic control of artificially induced desynapsis in jute (Corchorus olitorius L). Curr Sci 47:916–917
Parker JS (1975) Chromosome specific control of chiasma formation. Chromosoma 49:391–406
Patil SH, Mouli C (1977) X-ray induced asynaptic mutant in groundnut, Arachis hypogea L. Indian J Exp Biol 15:521–523
Peloquin SJ (1982) Meiotic mutants in potato breeding. Stadler Symp 14:1–11
Pfeiffer TW (1982) Studies on breeding behaviour of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. 2. Mechanism of 2n egg production. Diss Abstr Int B43, p 13B
Philip J, Huskins CL (1931) The cytology of Matthiola incana R. especially in relation to the inheritance of double flowers. J Genet 24:359–404
Powers L, Dahl A (1937) Failure of diakinesis and metaphase pairing and the behaviour during meiosis of univalent chromosomes in Zea mays. J Agric Res 54:655
Prakken R (1943) Studies of asynapsis in rye. Hereditas 29:475–495
Pritchard AJ (1965) Asynapsis in a tetraploid forage sorghum. Aust J Bot 13:17–21
Rai KS (1967) Cytogenetics of abortive meiosis in Collinsia tinctoria. Genetics 56:582
Rajarao KG, Aniel Kumar O (1983) Cytogenetics of a spontaneous desynaptic mutant in chillies (Capsicum annuum L). Cytologia 48:195–199
Rajathy T, Thomas H (1972) Genetic control of chromosome pairing in oats. Nature New Biol 239:217–219
Ramage RT, Eckhoff JLA (1981) Desynaptic genes. Barley Genet Newslett 11:90
Ramaiah K, Gadkari PD (1941) Further observations on sterility in cotton. Indian J Agric Sci 11:31–36
Ramanujam S, Parthasarathy N (1935) An asynaptic mutant in rice (Oryza sativa). Proc Indian Acad Sci B2: 90–97
Ramulu KS (1970) induced asynapsis in Sorghum. Madras Agric J 57:129–130
Rao MK, Koduru PRK (1978) Asynapsis and spontaneous centromeric breakage in an inbred line of Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke. Proc Indian Acad Sci B87:29–35
Ratho SN, Misra RN (1973) Induced desynaptic mutant in rice (Oryza sativa). Sci Cult 39:267–269
Rees H (1952) Asynapsis and spontaneous chromosome breakage in Scilla. Heredity 6:89–97
Rees H (1962) Developmental variation in the expression of genes causing chromosome breakage in rye. Heredity 17: 427–438
Reighter KW, Jelenkovic C (1979) Genetic studies of desynaptic mutant in an octoploid genotype of Fragaria ananasa Duch. Hortic Sci 14:439
Rhoades MM (1947) Crossover chromosomes in unreduced gametes of asynaptic maize. Genetics 32:101
Rhoades MM (1956) Genetic control of chromosome behaviour. Maize Genet Coop Newslett 30:38–42
Rhoades MM, Dempsey E (1949) Maize Genet Coop Newslett 23:56–57
Rhoades MM, Dempsey E (1966) Induction of chromosome doubling by the elongate gene in maize. Genetics 54: 505–522
Richardson MM (1935) Meiosis in Crepis. 2. Failure of pairing in Crepis capillaris. J Genet 31:119–143
Riley R (1960) The diploidization of polyploid wheat. Heredity 15:407–429
Riley R (1966) Genotype-environmental interaction affecting chiasma frequency in Triticum aestivum. Chromosomes Today 1:57–65
Riley R (1968) The basic and applied genetics of chromosome pairing. In: Finlay KW, Shepard KW (eds) Proc 3rd Int Wheat Genet Symp. New York, Plenum Press, pp 185–195
Riley R, Chapman V (1958) Genetic control of cytologically diploid behaviour of hexaploid wheat. Nature 182: 713–715
Riley R, Chapman V (1964) Cytological determination of the homoeology of chromosomes of Triticum aestivum. Nature 203:156–158
Riley R, Law CN (1965) Genetic variation in chromosome pairing. Adv Genet 13:57–107
Riley R, Chapman V (1967) Effect of 5Bs in suppressing the expression of altered dosage of 5BL on meiotic chromosome pairing in Triticum aestivum. Nature 216:60–62
Riley R, Chapman V, Kimber G (1960) Position of the gene determining the diploid-like meiotic behaviour of wheat. Nature 186:259–260
Riley R, Kimber G, Chapman V (1961) Origin of genetic control of diploid-like behaviour of polyploid wheat. J Hered 52:22–25
Riley R, Chapman V, Young RM, Belfield AM (1966) Control of meiotic chromosome pairing by the chromosomes of homoeologous group 5 of Triticum aestivum. Nature 212:1475–1477
Riley R, Chapman V, Johnson R (1968) The incorporation of alien disease resistance in wheat by genetic interference with the regulation of meiotic chromosome synapsis. Genet Res 12:199–219
Riley R, Chapman V, Miller TE (1973) The determination of meiotic chromosome pairing. In: Proc 4th Int Wheat Symp. Mo Agric Exp Stn. Columbia Mo, pp 731–738
Ross JG, Sanders ME, Franzke CJ (1960) Asynapsis in Sorghum. Hereditas 46:570
Runqvist EW (1968) Meiotic investigations in Pinus sylvestris L. Hereditas 60:77–128
Sadanandam A, Subhash K (1983) Induced desynapsis in Capsicum. Nucleus 26:7–8
Satina S, Blakeslee AF (1935) Cytological effects of a gene in Datura which causes dyad formation in sporogenesis. Bot Gaz 96:521–532
Sears ER (1952) Misdivision of univalents in common wheat. Chromosoma 4:535–550
Sears ER (1954) The aneuploids of common wheat. Mo Agric Exp Stn, Res bull 572, p 578
Sears ER (1973) Agropyron — wheat transfers induced by homoeologous pairing. In: proc 4th Int Wheat Genet homoeologous pairing. In: Sears ER, Sears LMS (eds) Proc 4th Int Wheat Genet Symp. Mo Agric Exp Stn, Columbia Mo, pp 191–199
Sears ER (1975) An induced homoeologous-pairing mutant in Triticum aestivum. Genetics 80:74
Sears ER (1976) Genetic control of chromosome pairing in wheat. Ann Rev Genet 10:31–51
Seetharam A, Nayar KM, Anandhya RS, Hanumanthappa HS (1975) An induced asynaptic mutation in finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Cytologia 40:301–305
Sethi GS, Gill KS, Ghai BS (1970) Cytogenetics of induced asynapsis in barley. Indian J Genet 30: 604–607
Sharma RK, Reinbergs E (1974) Cytogenetic analysis of desynaptic mutant in barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Cytologia 39:77–81
Sinha SK (1967) Chemical induction of asynapsis in maize. Cytologia 32:317–318
Sinha SK, Mohapatra BK (1969) Compensatory chiasma formation in maize. Cytologia 34:523–527
Sinha SSN (1980) A semiasynaptic plant in Lens culinaris. J Cytol Genet 15:22–25
Sjödin T (1970) Induced asynaptic mutations in Vicia faba. Hereditas 66:215–232
Smith L (1936) Cytogenetic studies in Triticum monococcum L and T. aegilopoides Bal. Univ Mo Agric Exp Stn, Res Bull 248:1–38
Smith L (1942) Cytogenetics of a factor for multiploid sporocytes in barley. Am J Bot 29:451–456
Sohoo MS, Gill KS (1975) Asynapsis in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L) Ramb). Theor Appl Genet 48:411–412
Soost RK (1951) Comparative cytology and genetics of asynaptic mutants in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Genetics 36: 410–434
Sosnikhina SP (1973) Genetic control of the behaviour of chromosomes in meiosis in inbred lines of diploid rye (Secale cereale L). 2. Abnormalities on the stages of Anaphase I and II tetrads. Genetika 9:21
Srivastava HM (1974) Radiation induced desynaptic mutant in barley. Cytologia 33:69–72
Stephens JG, Schertz KF (1965) Asynapsis and its inheritance in Sorghum vulgare Pers. Crop Sci 5: 337–339
Stringam GR (1970) A cytogenetic analysis of three asynaptic mutants in Brassica campestris. Can J Genet Cytol 12: 743–749
Subbarao MV (1976) Cytogenetic studies of B-chromosomes and desynaptic mutants in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf and Hubb). PhD Thesis, Andhra University, Waltair, India
Subbarao MV (1978) Meiosis in diploid and tetraploid desynaptics of pearl millet. Proc Indian Acad Sci B87:17–22
Subbarao MV (1980) Genetics of desynaptic mutants in pearl millet. Theor Appl Genet 56:85–89
Swaminathan MS, Murty BR (1959) Aspects of asynapsis in plants. 1. Random and non random chromosome associations. Genetics 44:1271–1280
Tai W (1970) Multipolar meiosis in diploid crested wheat grass, Agropyron cristatum. Am J Bot 57:1160–1169
Tease C, Jones GH (1976) Chromosome-specific control of chiasma formation in Crepis capillaris. Chromosoma 57:33–49
Thomas H (1973) Somatic association of chromosomes in asynaptic genotypes of Avena sativa L. Chromosoma 42:87–94
Thomas PT (1936) Genotypic control of chromosome size. Nature 138:402
Thomas H, Rajathy T (1966) A gene for desynapsis and aneuploidy in tetraploid Avena. Can J Genet Cytol 8: 506–515
Tokumasu S (1974) Expression of male sterility in Pelargonium crispum L Her Ex Ait. Euphytica 23:209–217
Tyagi DVS, Das K (1975) Studies on meiotic system of some barley mutants induced through alkylating agents. Cytologia 40:253–262
Upadhya MD, Swaminathan MS (1967) Mechanisms regulating chromosome pairing in Triticum. Biol Zentralbl 86: 239–255
Upcot M (1937) Timing imbalance at meiosis in the pollensterile Lathyrus odoratus. Cytologia Fujii Jubilee Vol, pp 299–310
Vaarama A (1949) Spindle abnormalities and variation in chromosome number in Ribes nigrum. Hereditas 35:136–162
Vasek FC (1962) ‘Multiple spindle’ — a meiotic irregularity in Clarkia exilis. Am J Bot 49: 536–539
Viegas WS, Mello-Sampayo T, Feldman M Avivi L (1980) Reduction of chromosome pairing by a spontaneous mutation on chromosomal arm 5DL of Triticum aestivum. Can J Genet Cytol 22:569–575
Vorsa N, Bingham ET (1979) Cytology of 2n pollen formation in diploid alfalfa, Medicago sativa. Can J Genet Cytol 21:525–530
Wagenaar EB (1960a) Note on a localised asynapsis in Triticum. Can J Bot 38:265–267
Wagenaar EB (1960b) The cytology of three hybrids involving Hordeum jubatum L. The chiasma distribution on the occurrence of pseudo ring bivalents in genetically induced asynapsis. Can J Bot 38:69–85
Wagenaar EB (1964) Factors affecting the expression of the desynaptic gene ds in barley. Genetics 50:294
Wall AM, Riley R, Chapman V (1971) Wheat mutants permitting homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing. Genet Res 18:311–328
Wang S, Yeh P, Lee SSY, Li HW (1965) Effect of low temperatures on desynapsis in rice. Bot Bull Acad Sin 6:196–207
Watanabe K (1983) Studies on the control of diploid like meiosis in polyploid taxa of Chrysanthemum. 4. Colchiploids and the process of Cytogenetic diploidization. Theor Appl Genet 66:9–14
Weaver JB (1971) An asynaptic character in cotton inherited as a double recessive. Crop Sci 11:927–928
Winger CL, Palmer RG, Green A (1977) A spontaneous mutant at the st2 locus. Soybean Genet Newslett 4:36–40
Zchege C (1963) Mutationsausstoßung durch Chemikalien bei Weizen. 4. Cytogenetische Untersuchungen an Mutanten. Z Pflanzenzücht 49:122–160
Zhirov EG, Bessab KS, Gubanova MA (1973) Genetical studies of partial desynapsis in common wheat. Genetika 9:29
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by G. Mechelke
Dedicated to Professor Dr. Werner Gottschalk, Director, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany, on his 65th birthday for his excellent scientific contribution and humane nature
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaul, M.L.H., Murthy, T.G.K. Mutant genes affecting higher plant meiosis. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 70, 449–466 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00305977
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00305977