Summary
Interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and B. oleracea are difficult to produce, and previous attempts to transfer economic characters from one species to the other have largely been unsuccessful. In these studies, oilseed rape cv. Tower (2n∶38) (B. napus) was crossed with broccoli and kale (2n∶18) (B. oleracea), and hybrid plants were developed from embryos in culture by either organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. In rape × broccoli, F1 plants were regenerated from hybrid embryos and the plants produced viable selfed seeds. F5 plants (2n∶38) homozygous for white flower colour were selected for high oil content (47%) and Line 15; a selection from these plants produced fertile hybrids with rape, broccoli and kale without embryo culture. In reciprocal crosses between oilseed rape cv. Tower and an aphid resistant diploid kale, 28 and 56 chromosome F1 hybrid plants were regenerated from somatic embryos. The 56 chromosome plants were self-fertile and it was concluded from F2 segregation ratios that a single dominant gene controls resistance to cabbage aphid in kale. The 28 chromosome F1's were self-sterile, but these and the 56 chromosome F1's could be backcrossed to rape and kale. A cross between the F1 (2n∶56) and a forage rape resulted in the selection of a cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) resistant line (Line 3). Both Line 15 and Line 3 can serve as bridges for gene interchange between B. campestris, B. napus and B. oleracea, which has not been possible hitherto. Hybridisations between rape and tetraploid kale produced F1 plants with 37 chromosomes. One F2 plant possessed coronal scales and the inheritance was shown to be controlled by a single recessive gene unlinked to petal colour.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Anstey TH (1955) Inheritance of white petal in green sprouting broccoli. Can J Agric Sci 35:573–578
Becker T (1950) Siebenjährige blütenbiologische Studien an den Cruziferen Brassica napus L., Brassica oleracea L., Raphanus L., und Sinapis L. Z Pflanzenzücht 29:222–240
Catcheside DG (1934) The chromosomal relationship in the swede and turnip groups of Brassica. Ann Bot 48:601–633
Chater AO, Walters SM (1964) Silene. In: Tutin TG, Haywood VH, Burges NA, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA (eds) Flora Europaea, vol 1. Cambridge University, pp 159–181
Chiang MS, Chiang BY, Grant WF (1977) Transfer of resistance to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae from Brassica napus to cabbage (B. oleracea var. ‘capitata’). I. Interspecific hybridization between B. napus and B. oleracea var. ‘capitula’. Euphytica 26:319–336
Claridge JH (1972) Arable farm crops of New Zealand. In: The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in association with Reed AH and AW (eds). Wellington Auckland Christchurch Sydney Melbourne, pp 193–195
Conway TF, Earle FR (1963) Nuclear magnetic resonance for determining oil content of seeds. J Am Oil Chem Soc 40:265–268
Crete R, Chiang MS (1967) Screening tests of crucifers for resistance to clubroot in organic soils of Quebec. Plant Dis Rep 51:991–992
Crouch ML (1982) Non-zygotic embryos of Brassica napus L. contain embryo-specific storage protein. Planta 156:520–524
Crute IR, Gray AR, Crisp O, Buczacki ST (1980) Variation in Plasmodiophora brassicae and resistance to clubroot disease in Brassicas and allied crops — A critical review. Plant Breed Abstr 50:91–104
Davis BJ (1964) Disc electrophoresis. II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Ann NY Acad Sci 121:404–427
Engvild KC (1974) Plantlet ploidy and flower-bud size in tobacco anther cultures. Hereditas 76:320–322
Hoffmann W, Peters R (1958) Versuche zur Herstellung synthetischer und semisynthetischer Rapsformen. Züchter 28:40–51
Frandsen KJ (1947) The experimental formation of Brassica napus L. var. oleifera D.C. and Brassica carinata Braun. Dan Bot Ark 12:1–16
Honma S, Summers WL (1976) Interspecific hybridization between Brassica napus L. (Napobrassica group) and B. oleracea L. (Botrytis group). J Am Soc Hortic Sci 101:299–302
Jensen CJ (1976) In: Gaul H (ed) Barley genetics, vol III. Thiemig, München, pp 316–345
Keller WA, Rajhathy T, Lacapra J (1975) In vitro production of plants from pollen in Brassica campestris. Can J Genet Cytol 17:655–666
Lammerink J (1968) A new biotype of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) on aphid resistant rape (Brassica napus L). N Z J Agric Res 11:341–344
Lammerink J (1970) Interspecific transfer of clubroot resistance from Brassica campestris L. to B. napus L. N Z J Agric Res 13:105–110
Lammerink J (1985) Identification of an eight race of Plasmodiophora brassicae Worn. N Z J Agric Res 29 (in press)
Leelavathi S, Reddy VS, Sen SK (1984) Somatic cell genetic studies in Brassica species. I. High frequency production of haploid plants in B. alba (L.) H f & T. Plant Sci Lett 3:102–105
Li L, Kohlenbach HW (1982) Somatic embryogenesis in quite a direct way in cultures of mesophyll protoplasts of Brassica napus L. Plant Cell Rep 1:209–211
McNaughton IH (1963) The scope and problems involved in synthesising new amphidiploids and autotetraploid fodder brassicas in the group B. napus L., B. campestris L. and B. oleracea L. Scottish Plant Breeding Station, Record 1963, pp 48–68
Olsson G (1960) Species crosses within the genus Brassica. II. Artifical Brassica napus L. Hereditas 46:351–386
Owczarzak A (1952) A rapid method for mounting pollen grains with special regard to sterility studies. Stain Technol 27:249–251
Palmer TP (1960) Aphis resistant rape. N Z J Agric 101:375–376
Palmer TP (1962) Population structure, breeding system, interspecific hybridisation and allopolyploidy. Heredity 17:278–283
Pareek LK, Chandra N (1978) Somatic embryogenesis in leaf callus from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis). Plant Sci Lett 11:317–322
Roemer W (1935) Fruchtbarkeits- und Vererbungsstudien Brassica Artkreuzungen. Z Pflanzenzücht 20:337–616
Rudorf W (1950) Über die Erzeugung und die Eigenschaften synthetischer Rapsformen. (On the production and characteristics of synthetic forms of rape). Z Pflanzenzücht 29:35–54
Thomas E, Hoffmann F, Potrykus I, Wenzel G (1976) Protoplast regeneration and stem embryogenesis of haploid androgenetic rape. Mol Gen Genet 145:245–247
Tisserat B, Esan EB, Murashige T (1979) Somatic embryogenesis in angiosperms. Hortic Rev 1:1–78
UN (1935) Genome-analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B. napus and peculiar mode of fertilization. Jpn J Bot 7:389–452
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by R. Riley
This paper is dedicated to Mr. T. P. Palmer, a colleague and close friend who retired from the DSIR as Assistant Director of the Crop Research Division in September 1984
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Quazi, M.H. Interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus L. and B. oleracea L. developed by embryo culture. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 75, 309–318 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303970
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303970