Summary
The biosynthetic acetohydroxy acid synthase activities of E. coli K12 are encoded by three genetic loci namely, ilvB (acetohydroxy acid synthase I), ilvG (acetohydroxy acid synthase II) and ilvHI (acetohydroxy acid synthase III). The previously reported involvement of cyclic AMP in the regulation of the biosynthetic acetohydroxy acid synthase isozymes in E. coli K-12 was found to be due to the effect of this nucleotide on the expression of ilvB. Cyclic AMP had no effect on acetohydroxy acid synthase activity in strains lacking wild-type ilvB activity but containing the remaining isozymes. Very little activity of acetohydroxy acid synthase coded for by ilvB was found when ppGpp and cyclic AMP were severely limited. Addition of cyclic AMP under these conditions increased ilvB expression 24-fold. The data suggest that in addition to multivalent repression and ppGpp, cyclic AMP plays a major role in the regulation of the ilvB biosynthetic operon.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alper, M.D., Ames, B.N.: Transport of antibiotics and metabolite analogs by systems under cyclic AMP control: positive selection of Salmonella typhimurium cya and crp mutants. J. Bacteriol. 133, 149–157 (1978)
Block, R., Hazeltine, W.A.: In vitro synthesis of ppGpp and ppGpp. In: Ribosomes (M. Nomura, A. Tissieres and P. Lengyel, (eds.), pp. 747–761. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1974
Cashel, M.: The control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. IV. Relevance of unusual phosphorylated compounds from amino acid-starved stringent strains. J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3133–3141 (1969)
Coukell, M.B., Polglase, W.J.: Repression by glucose of acetohydroxy acid synthetase in Escherichia coli B. Biochem. J. 111, 273–278 (1969)
Davis, B.D., Mingioli, E.S.: Mutants of Escherichia coli requiring methionine or vitamin B12: J. Bacteriol. 60, 17–80 (1950)
DeFelice, M., Guardiola, J., Esposito, B., Iaccarino, M.: Structural genes for a newly recognized acetolactate synthase in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 120, 1068–1077 (1974)
DeFelice, M., Guardiola, J., Schreil, W., Levinthal, M., Iaccarino, M.: Metabolic interlock between the acetolactate synthase isoenzymes and lysine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 156, 9–16 (1977)
DeFeice, M., Levinthal, M.: The acetohydroxy acid synthase III isoenzyme of Escherichia coli K-12: regulation of synthesis by leucine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 79, 82–87 (1977)
DeFelice, M., Newman, T., Levinthal, M.: Regulation of the acetohydroxy acid synthase I isozyme in Escherichia coli K-12. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 541, 1–8 (1978)
Freundlich, M., Burns, R.O., Umbarger, H. E.: Control of isoleucine, valine and leucine biosynthesis. I. Multivalent repression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 48, 1804–1808 (1967)
Freundlich, M., Umbarger, H.E.: The effects of analogues of threonine and isoleucine on the properties of threonine deaminase. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28, 505–511 (1963)
Freundlich, M.: Cyclic AMP can replace the relA-dependent requirement for derepression of acetohydroxy acid synthase in E. coli K-12. Cell 12, 1121–1126 (1977)
Gorini, L., Gundersen, W.: Induction by arginine of enzymes of arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47, 961–971 (1961)
Guardiola, J., DeFelice, M., Iaccarino, M.: Mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 missing acetolactate synthase activity. J. Bacteriol. 120, 536–538 (1974)
Guardiola, J., DeFelice, M., Lamberti, A., Iaccarino, M.: The acetolactate synthase isoenzymes of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 156, 17–25 (1977)
Halpern, Y.S., Umbarger, H.E.: Evidence for two distinct enzyme systems forming acetolactate in Aerobacter aerogenes. J. Biol. Chem. 234, 3067–3070 (1959)
Iaccarino, M., Berg, P.: Isoleucine auxotrophy as a consequence of a mutationally altered isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. J. Bacteriol. 105, 527–537 (1971)
Kelln, R.A., O'Donovan, G.A.: Isolation and partial characterization of an argR mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 128, 528–535 (1976)
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J.: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275 (1951)
Malthe-Sorenssen, D., Stormer, F.C.: The pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Serratia marcescens. Eur. J. Biochem. 14, 127–132 (1970)
Neidhardt, F.C., Eidlic, J.: Characterization of the RNA formed under conditions of relaxed amino acid control in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 68, 380–388 (1963)
O'Neill, J.P., Freundlich, M.: Two forms of biosynthetic acetohydroxy acid synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48, 437–443 (1972)
Pastan, I., Adhya, S.: Cyclic adenosine 5′ monophosphate in Escherichia coli. Bacteriol. Rev. 40, 527–551 (1976)
Primakoff, P., Artz, S.W.: Positive control of the lac operon in vitro by guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 1726–1730 (1979)
Ramakrishnan, T., Adelberg, E.A.: Regulatory mechanisms in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. III. Map order of the structural genes and operator genes. J. Bacteriol. 89, 661–664 (1965)
Rizzino, A.A., Bresalier, R.S., Freundlich, M.: Derepressed levels of the isoleucine-valine and leucine enzymes in hisT 1504, a strain of Salmonella typhimurium with altered leucine transfer ribonucleic acid. J. Bacteriol. 177, 449–455 (1974)
Schleif, R.: Fine structure deletion map of the Escherichia coli L-arabinose operon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 3479–3484 (1972)
Stephens, J.C., Artz, S.W., Ames, B.N.: Guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp): positive effector for histidine operon transcription and general signal for amino acid deficiency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 4389–4393 (1975)
Stormer, F.C., Umbarger, H.E.: The requirement for flavin adenine dinucleotide in the formation of acetolactate by Salmonella typhimurium extracts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 17, 587–592 (1964)
umbarger, H.E.: Amino acid biosynthesis and its regulation. In: Annual review of biochemistry (E.E. Snell, P.D. Boyer, A. Meister and C.C. Richardson, eds.), Vol. 47, pp. 533–606, Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc. 1978
Whitlow, K.J., Polglase, W.J.: Relaxation of catabolite repression and loss of valine sensitivity in Escherichia coli K-12. FEBS Lett. 43, 64–66 (1974)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by G.O'Donovan
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sutton, A., Freundlich, M. Regulation by cyclic AMP of the ilvB-encoded biosynthetic acetohydroxy acid synthase in Escherichia coli K-12. Molec. Gen. Genet. 178, 179–183 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267227
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267227