Summary
In 39 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), the effects of various brain lesions on vocalizations elicited from the precallosal cingulate gyrus were tested. It was found that lesions abolishing the “cingular vocalization” completely can be traced from the stimulation site continuously down to the laryngeal motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus. The pathway thus determined (Fig. 4) travels from the precallosal cingulate gyrus through the frontal white matter and enters the internal capsule from a dorsolateral position. The pathway then follows this structure in a medio-caudal direction down to the caudal diencephalon. Here, the effective lesions leave the corticospinal tract and ascend dorsally into the periaqueductal grey. The pathway follows this structure to its end where it sweeps lateral through the parabrachial area and then descends through the lateral pons and ventrolateral medulla to the nucleus ambiguus.
In nine of the animals, in addition, the effects of bilateral anterior cingular lesions on vocalizations elicited in other brain areas were tested. It was found that the only vocalization-eliciting area which becomes ineffective after destruction of the anterior cingulate gyrus is the postero-medial orbital cortex.
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Abbreviations
- a:
-
nucl. accumbens
- aa:
-
area anterior amygdalae
- ab:
-
nucl. basalis amygdalae
- ac:
-
nucl. centralis amygdalae
- al:
-
nucl. lateralis amygdalae
- am:
-
nucl. medialis amygdalae
- an:
-
nucl. anterior thalami
- aq:
-
griseum centralis
- bc:
-
brachium conjunctivum
- ca:
-
caudatum
- cb:
-
cerebellum
- cc:
-
corpus callosum
- cen:
-
nucl. centralis superior Bechterew
- ci:
-
capsula interna
- cin:
-
cingulum
- cl:
-
claustrum
- coa:
-
commissura anterior
- coli:
-
colliculus inferior
- cols:
-
colliculus superior
- cop:
-
commissura posterior
- cr:
-
corpus restiforme
- csp:
-
tractus corticospinalis
- db:
-
fasciculus diagonalis Brocae
- dbc:
-
decussatio brachii conjunctivi
- f:
-
fornix
- gc:
-
gyrus cinguli
- gl:
-
geniculatum laterale
- gm:
-
geniculatum mediale
- gp:
-
globus pallidus
- gr:
-
gyrus rectus
- gs:
-
gyrus subcallosus
- h:
-
area tegmentalis (Forel)
- ha:
-
habenula
- hi:
-
tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis
- hip:
-
hippocampus
- hya:
-
hypothalamus anterior
- hyv:
-
hypothalamus ventromedialis
- in:
-
nucl. interpeduncularis
- lap:
-
nucl. lateralis posterior thalami
- lem:
-
lemniscus medialis
- lm:
-
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
- m:
-
nucl. mammillaris
- md:
-
nucl. medialis dorsalis thalami
- mt:
-
tractus mammillothalamicus
- nst:
-
nucl. striae terminalis
- nts:
-
nucl. solitarius
- oi:
-
oliva inferior
- ol:
-
fasciculus olfactorius (Zuckerkandl)
- os:
-
oliva superior
- p:
-
pedunculus cerebri
- pmc:
-
brachium pontis
- po:
-
griseum pontis
- pro:
-
area praeoptica
- pu:
-
nucl. pulvinaris
- put:
-
putamen
- re:
-
formatio reticularis mesencephali
- rep:
-
nucl. reticularis tegmenti pontis
- rl:
-
nucl. reticularis lateralis
- rub:
-
nucl. ruber
- s:
-
septum
- sm:
-
stria medullaris
- sn:
-
substantia nigra
- st:
-
stria terminalis
- sto:
-
stria olfactoria lateralis
- tec:
-
tractus tegmentalis centralis
- trz:
-
corpus trapezoideum
- va:
-
nucl. ventralis anterior thalami
- ves:
-
nucl. vestibularis
- vpl:
-
nucl. ventralis posterior lateralis th.
- vpm:
-
nucl. ventralis posterior medialis th.
- zi:
-
zona incerta
- II:
-
tractus opticus
- IIchde:
-
chiasma n. opticorum
- III:
-
nucl. n. oculomotorii and n. oculomotorius
- IV:
-
nucl. n. trochlearis
- VI:
-
n. abducens
- VII:
-
nucl. n. facialis and n. facialis
- VIII:
-
n. acusticus
- XII:
-
nucl. n. hypoglossi
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Jürgens, U., Pratt, R. The cingular vocalization pathway in the squirrel monkey. Exp Brain Res 34, 499–510 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00239145
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00239145