Abstract
The Variscan orogenic belt, of which the Bohemian Massif is a part, is typically recognized for its characteristic low pressure, high temperature metamorphism and a large volume of granites. However, there are also bodies of high pressure rocks (eclogites, garnet peridotites and high pressure granulites) which are small in size but widely distributed throughtout the Massif. Initially the high pressure rocks were considered to be relicts of a much older orogenic event, but the increasing data derived from isotopic and geochronological investigations show that many of these rocks have Palaeozoic protoliths. Metamorphic ages from the high pressure rocks define no single event. Instead, a number of discrete clusters of ages are found between about 430 Ma and the time of the dominant low pressure event at around 320–330 Ma.
Most of the eclogite and granulite facies rocks are assigned to allochthonous nappes that arrived close to the end of the low pressure event, but before final granite intrusion. The nappes contain a mixture of different units and the relationship between rocks with high pressure relicts and host gneisses with no apparent signs of deep burial is still problematic. Some of the high pressure rocks retain evidence of multiple stages of partial re-equilibration during uplift. Moreover, it can be shown in certain instances that host gneisses also endured a multistage metamorphic development but with a peak event convergent with one of the breakdown stages in the enclosed rocks with high pressure relicts. It thus appears that the nappe units are composite bodies probably formed during episodic intracrustal thrusting. Fluids derived from prograde dehydration reactions in the newly under thrusting slab are taken to be the catalysts that drove the partial re-equilibrations.
On the scale of the whole Massif it can be seen within the units with high pressure relicts that the temperature at the peak recorded pressure and that during the breakdown are variable in different locations. It is interpreted that regional metamorphic gradients are preserved for given stages in the history and thus the present day dismembered nappe relicts are not too far removed from their original spatial distribution in an original coherent unit. From the temperature information alone it is highly probable that the ‘refrigerating’ underthrusting slab was situated in the north-west. However, this north-west to south-east underthrusting probably represents the major 380–370 Ma event and is no guide to the final thrusting that emplaced the much thinned nappe pile with high pressure relicts.
Granite genesis is attributed to the late stage stacking, during the final Himalayan-type collision stage, of thinned crust covered by young, water-rich, sediments — erosion products of the earlier orogenic stages. Regional metamorphism at shallow depths above the voluminous granites was followed by final nappe emplacement which rejuvenated the granite ascent in places.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
aleksandrowski P (1990) Early Carboniferous strike-slip displacements at the northeast periphery of the Variscan belt in Central Europe. Abstracts, International Conference on Palaeozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990
Andrusov D, Čorná O (1976) Über das Alter des Moldanubikums nach mikrofloristischen Forschungen. Geol Práce Zpravy 65: 81–89
Arnold A, Scharbert HG (1973) Rb-Sr Altersbestimmungen an Granuliten der südlichen Böhmischen Masse in Österreich. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitteil 53: 61–78
Arthaud F, Matte Ph (1977) Late Palaeozoic strike-slip faulting in southern Europe and northern Africa; result of a right lateral shear-zone between the Appalachians and the Urals. Geol Soc Am Bull 88: 1305–1320
Bakun-Czubarow N (1968) Geochemical characteristic of eclogites from environs of Nowa Wies in the region of Śnieźnik Kłodzki. Arch Mineral 28: 243–382
Bakun-Czubarow N (1983) Mineral chemistry of garnet lherzolites from the Sudetes, southwest Poland. Carnegie Inst Washington Yearbook 82: 326–343
Bakun-Czubarow N (1989) On the Sudetic eclogites, S.W. Poland. Abstracts, Third International Eclogite Conference, Würzburg, 1989
Bakun-Czubarow N (1991) Geodynamic significance of the Variscan HP eclogite-granulite series of the Złote Mountains in the Sudetes. Pub Inst Geophys Polish Acad Sci A-19 (236): 3–32
Bankwitz P, and 24 others (1988) Klassische Geologische Gebiete in Mitteleuropa, Fundament und Deckgebirge, Exkursionsführer. Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde, Potsdam: 301 pp
Baranowski Z, Haydukiewicz A, Kryza R, Lorene L, Muszyński A, Solecki A, Urbanek Z (1990) Outline of the geology of the Góry Kaczawskie (Sudetes, Poland). N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abhandl 179: 223–257
Beard BL, Medaris LG, Valley JW, Brueckner HK, Misař Z (1989) Mantle-derived Variscan eclogites from the Bohemian Massif, Czechoslovakia. Abstracts, Third International Eclogite Conference, Wurzburg, 1989: 2–3
Beard BL, Medaris LG, Johnson CM, Mísař Z, Jelinek E (1991) Nd and Sr isotope geochemistry of Moldanubian eclogites and garnet peridotites, Bohemian Massif, Czechoslovakia. Second Eclogite Field Symposium, Spain, 1991. Terra Nova 3 (Suppl 6): 4
Bederke E (1927) Zum Gebirgsbau der mittleren Sudeten. Geol Rundsch 18: 225–229
Bederke E (1931)Die moldanubische Überschiebung im Sudetenvorlande. Zentral Mineral Geol Palaontol Abt B: 394–408
Behr H-J (1978) Subfluenz-Prozesse im Grundgebirgs-Stockwerk Mitteleuropas. Zeitsch Deutsch Geol Gesellsch 129: 283–318
Behr H-J (1983) Intracrustal and subcrustal thrust-tectonics at the northern margin of the Bohemian Massif. In Martin H, Eder W, (eds) Intracontinental Fold Belts. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 365–403
Behr H-J, Engel W, Franke W (1980) Münchberger Gneismasse and Bayerischer Wald. Excursion Guide No. 2, International Conference on the Effect of Deformation on Rocks, Gottingen: 100 pp
Behr H-J, Engel W, Franke W, Giese P, Weber K (1984) The Variscan belt in central Europe; Main structures, geodynamic implications, open questions. Tectonophysics 109: 15–40
Blümel P (1983) The western margin of the Bohemian massif in Bavaria. Fortsch Mineral 61: 171–195
Blümel P (1986) Metamorphic processes in the Variscan crust of the Central Segment. In Freeman R, Mueller St, Giese P (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd EGT Workshop, The Central Segment. European Science Foundation, Strasbourg: 149–154
Blümel P (1990) The Moldanubian region in Bavaria. International Conference on Palaeozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990, Field Guide, Bohemian Massif: 143–179
Blumel P, Schreyer W, (1977) Phase relations in pelitic and psammitic gneisses of the sillimanite-potash feldspar and cordierite-potash feldspar zones in the Moldanubicum of the Lam-Bodenmais area, Bavaria. J Petrol 18: 431–459
Borkowska M, Choukroune P, Hameurt J, Martineau F (1990) A geochemical investigation of the age, significance and structural evolution of the Caledonian-Variscan granite-gneisses of the Śnieznik metamorphic area (Central Sudetes, Poland). Geol Sudetica 25: 1–27
Bosbach D, Stosch H-G, Seidel E (1991) Magmatic and metamorphic evolution of metagabbros in the Münchberg Massif, N.E. Bavaria. Contrib Mineral Petrol 107: 112–123
Bouchardon J-L, Santallier D, Briand B, Ménot R-P, Piboule M (1989) Eclogites in the French Palaeozoic Orogen: geodynamic significance. Tectonophysics 169: 317–332
Bowes DR, Hopgood AM, Mísař Z (1980) Characterisation of tectonic regimes of the Letovice unit and Bitěs gneiss of the Moravicum using the structural imprint of polyphase deformation. Věstník Ústiédního ústavu geologického 55: 331–342
Brown M, Treloar PJ (1991) Numerical modelling of high-T ‘clockwise’ P-T paths. Terra Abstr 3: 87
Brueckner HK, Bakun-Czubarow N (1991) Zoned Sm/Nd and 143ND/144Nd ratios in garnets from peridotites of the Caledonides of Norway and the Variscides of Poland. Second Eclogite Field Symposium, Spain, 1991, Terra Nova 3 (Suppl 6): 4
Brueckner HK, Medaris LGJr, Bakun-Czubarow N (1989) Nd and Sr age and isotope patterns from Hercynian eclogites and garnet pyroxenites of the Bohemian Massif and the East Sudetes. Abstracts, Third International Eclogite Conference, Würzburg, 1989: 4
Bues CC, Troll G (1991) Geologic: und Petrographic der Intrusiv und Rahmengesteine der Gabbroamphibolitemasse von Neukirchen b. Hl. Blut (Nordostbayern). Geol Bavar 96: 29–50
Busch K (1970) Die Eklogitvorkommen des kristallinen Grundgebirges in N.E.-Bayern. IV. Die Eklogite der Oberpfalz und ihr metamorpher Abbau. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 113: 138–178
Carswell DA (1991) Variscan high P-T metamorphism and uplift history in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif in Lower Austria. Eur J Mineral 3: 323–342
Carswell DA, Jamtveit B (1990) Variscan Sm-Nd ages for the high-pressure metamorphism in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif, Lower Austria. N Jahrb Mineral Anhandl 162: 69–78
Carswell DA, O'Brien PJ (1991) High pressure granulites in the Moldanubian Zone, Lower Austria. Terra Abstr 3: 93
Carswell DA, O'Brien PJ (1993) Thermobarometry and geotectonic significance of high pressure granulites: examples from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif in Lower Austria. J Petrol, 34: 427–459
Carswell DA, Möller C, O'Brien PJ (1989) Origin of sapphirine-plagioclase symplectites in metabasites from Mitterbachgraben, Dunkelsteinerwald granulite complex, Lower Austria. Eur J Mineral 1: 455–466
Chaloupský J (1989) Major tectonostratigraphic units of the Bohemian Massif. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 230: 101–114
Chlupáç I (1968) Early Palaeozoic of the Bohemian Mass. International Geological Congress, Guide to Excursion 11 AC, 23rd session. Geological Survey of Czechoslovakia in Academia, Prague: 43 pp
Chlupáç I (1981) Stratigraphy and facies development of the metamorphosed Paleozoic of the Sedlčany-Krásná Hora “island”. Ústrědního ústavu geologického 56: 225–232
Cloos H (1927) Zur Frage des Deckenbaus in Schlesien und im Fichtelgebirge. Geol Rundsch 18: 221–225
Cocks LRM, Fortey RA (1982) Faunal evidence for oceanic separation in the Palaeozoic of Britain. J Geol Soc London 139: 465–478
Dallmeyer RD, Neubauer F, Höck V (1990) 40Ar/39Ar mineral age controls on the chronology of Late Paleozoic tectonothermal activity in the southeastern Bohemian Massif, Austria (Moldanubian and Moravo-Silesian Zones). International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Gnttingen, 1990, Field Guide, Bohemian Massif: 87–96
Domečka K, Opletal M (1980) Metamorphosed Upper Proterozoic tholeiites of the N.E. part of the Bohemian Massif. Krystalinikum 15: 55–80
Don J (1990) The differences in Paleozoic facies — structural evolution of the West Sudetes. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abhandl 179: 307–328
Don J, Dumicz M, Wojciechowska I, Żelaźniewicz A (1990) Lithology and tectonics of the Orlica-Śnieznik Dome, Sudetes — recent state of knowledge. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abhandl 179: 159–188
Dudek A (1980) The crystalline basement block of the Outer Carpathians in Moravia. Rozpravy Československé Akademie Věd, Řada Matematickýchíra Příodních Věd 90: 1–85
Dudek A, Fediukova E (1974) Eclogites of the Bohemian Moldanubicum. N Jahrb Mineral Anhandl 121: 127–159
Dvořak J (1982) The Devonian and Lower Carboniferous in the basement of the Carpathians south and southeast of Ostrava (Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Moravia, Czechoslovakia). Zeitsch Deutsch Geol Gesellsch 133: 551–570
Dziedzic H (1985) Variscan rejuvenation of the Precambrian gneisses along the eastern margin of the Góry Sowie Massif, Fore-Sudetic Block. Krystalinikum 18: 7–27
Dziedzic H, Górecka T (1965) On the occurrence of metamorphosed Carboniferous rocks in the Niemcza Zone (Sudetes). Bull Acad Polon Sci Sér Sci Géol Géogr 13: 2
Emmert U, Weinelt W (1962) Erläuterungen zur Geologischen Karte von Bayern, Blatt Nr. 5935 Marktschorgast. Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, Munich
England PC, Richardson SW (1977) The influence of erosion upon the mineral facies of rocks from different metamorphic environments. J Geol Soc London 134: 201–213
England PC, Thompson AB (1984) Pressure-temperature-time paths of regional metamorphism I. Heat transfer during the evolution of regions of thickened continental crust. J Petrol 25: 894–928
Fediuková E, Dudek A (1979) Almandine eclogites from the central part of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Sborník Jihočeského muzea v Českych Budějovicích, series Přírodní vědy: 20–38
Fiala J, Paděra K (1984) Eclogitic rocks from the basement of the České Středohori Mts. Krystalinikum 17: 33–45
Fiala J, Matějovská O, Vaňková V (1987) Moldanubian granulites: source material and petrogenetic considerations. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 157: 133–165
Finger F, Frasl G, Höck V, Steyrer HP (1989) The granitoids of the Moravian Zone of northeast Austria: products of a Cadomian active Continental margin? Precambrian Res 45: 235–245
Fischer G (1968) Moldanubikum in Bavaria. International Geological Congress, 23rd session, Prague, Guide to excursion C35. Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung, Hannover: 92 pp
France-Lanord C, Le Fort P (1988) Crustal melting and granite genesis during the Himalayan collision orogenesis. Trans R Soc Edinburgh: Earth Sci 79: 183–195
Franke W (1984) Variszischer Deckenbau im Raume der Münchberger Gneismasse — abgeleitet aus der Fazies, Deformation und Metamorphose im umgebenden Paläozoikum. Geotekton Forsch 68: 1–253
Franke W (1989) Tectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan Belt of Central Europe. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 230: 67–90
Franke W, Behrmann J, Moehrmann H (1992) Zur Deformationsgeschichte des Kristallins im Münchberger Deckenstapel. KTB Rep 92-4: 225–240
Franz G, Thomas S, Smith DC (1986) High pressure phengite decomposition in the Weissenstein eclogite, Münchberger Gneiss Massif, Germany. Contrib Mineral Petrol 92: 71–85
Frasl G, Höck V, Finger F (1990) The Moravian Zone in Austria. International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990, Field Guide, Bohemian Massif: 127–142
Frischbutter A, Rötzler J (1990) Development of metamorphism. In: Erzgebirge and Granulite Massif Guidebook of Excursions. Central Institute for Physics of the Earth, Potsdam: 22–26
Fritz H (1990) Kinematics along the Moldanubian/Moravian plate boundary in Austria. Abstracts volume, International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990
Fuchs G (1971) Zur Tektonik des östlichen Waldviertels (N.Ö.). Verhandl Geol Bundes Wien 3: 424–440
Fuchs G (1986) Zur Diskussion um den Deckenbau der Böhmischen Masse. Jahrb Geol Bundes Wien 129: 41–49
Fuchs G, Scharbert HG (1979) Kleinere Granulitvorkommen im niederösterreichischen Moldanubikum und ihre Bedeutung für die Granulitgenese. Verhandl Geol Bundes Wien 2: 29–49
Gebauer D (1991) Two Palaeozoic high-pressure events in a garnetperidotite of Northern Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. Second Eclogite Field Symposium, Spain, 1991. Terra Nova 3 (Suppl 6): 5
Gebauer D, Grünenfelder M (1979) U-Pb zircon and Rb-Sr mineral dating of eclogites and their country rocks; example: Münchberger Gneiss Massif, northeast Bavaria. Earth Planet Sci Lett 42: 35–44
Gebauer D, Grunenfelder M (1982) Geological development of the Hercynian belt of Europe based on age and origin of high-grade and high-pressure mafic and ultramafic rocks. Fifth International conference on Geochronology, Cosmochronology, Isotope Geology, Nikko National Park, Japan: 111–112
Gebauer D, Williams IS, Compston W, Grünenfelder M (1989) The development of the Central European continental crust since the Early Archean based on conventional and ion-microprobe dating of up to 3.84 b.y. old detrital zircons. Tectonophysics 157: 81–96
Gee DG (1978) Nappe displacement in the Scandinavian Caledonides. Tectonophysics 47: 393–419
Gillet Ph, Davy Ph, Ballèvre M, Choukroune P (1985) Thermomechanical evolution of a collision zone: the example of the Western Alps. Terra Cognita 5: 399–404
Grauert B, Hänny R, Soptrajanova G (1974) Geochronology of a polymetamorphic and anatectic gneiss region: the Moldanubicum of the area Lam-Deggendorf, Eastern Bavaria, Germany. Contrib Mineral Petrol 45: 37–63
Grew ES (1986) Petrogenesis of kornerupine at Waldheim (Sachsen), German Democratic Republic. Zeitschr geol Wissensch 14: 525–558
Grocholski W (1967) Structure of the Sowie Mts. Geol Sudetica 3: 181–249
Guiraud M, Burg JP (1984) Mineralogical and petrological study of a blueschist metatuff from the Zélezný Brod Crystalline Complex, Czechoslovakia. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 149: 1–12
Gunia T (1979) Problem genezy magm bazaltowych i ich zwiazek z ultrabazytami strefy Niemczy — proponowany model rezimu geotektonicznego. In: Wybrane zagadnienia stratygrafii, petrograpfii i tektoniki wschodniego obrżeenía gnejsów sowiogórskich í metamorfiku klodzkiego. Mat. konf. Teren. Wroclaw
Gunia T (1981) Stratigraphic problems of the metamorphic rocks of the Sudeten Mountains and the Fore-Sudetic Block in the light of new palaeontological investigations. Ann Soc Geol Polon 51: 241–271
Gunia T (1984) Microfossils from the quartzitic schists in the vicinity of Goszów, Śnieżnik Klodzki Massif, Central Sudetes. Geol Sudetica 18: 45–57
Hall R, Nichols GJ (1990) Terrane amalgamation in the Philippine Sea margin. Tectonophysics 181: 207–222
Hammerschmidt K, Franz G (1992) Retrograde evolution of eclogites: evidence from microstructures and 40Ar/39Ar white mica dates, Münchberg Massif, northern Bavaria. Contrib Mineral Petrol 111: 113–125
Hansen BT (and Arbeitsgruppe Geochronologie) (1990) Geochronologie im Umfeld der Kontinentalen Tiefbohrung. KTB Rep 90-4: 333–340
Hansen BT, Teufel S, Ahrendt H (1989) Geochronology of the Moldanubian-Saxothuringian transition zone, Northeast Bavaria. In Emmermann R, Wohlenberg J, (eds) The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York: 55–65
Haydukiewicz J (1990) Stratigraphy of Palaeozoic rocks of the Góry Bardzkie and some remarks on their sedimentation (Poland). N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abhandl 179: 275–284
Heinicke F, Vollbrecht A (1989) Gefügestudien an Graphitquartziten im moldanubischen-saxothuringischen Übergangsbereich. Erlanger Geol Abhandl 116: 35–40
Helmers H, Maaskant P, Hartel THD (1990) Garnet peridotite and associated high-grade rocks from Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Okrusch M, (ed.) Third International Eclogite Conference. Lithos 25: 171–188
Hirschmann G, Stettner G, Weber K (1990) Stand und Probleme der geologischen Prognose für die KTB-Hauptbohrung. KTB Rep 90-4: 345–377
Holub FV, Munshi RL (1984) Subsolidus reaction rims between olivine and calcic plagioclase in the Svatý Kříz Massif, Eastern Bohemia. Krystalinikum 17: 47–58
Jelínek E, Pačesová M, Mísař, Z, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1984) Geochemistry of a dismembered metaophiolite complex, Letovice, Czechoslovakia. Trans R Soc Edinburgh Earth Sci 75: 37–48
Jelínek E, Mísař Z, Souček J, Tonika J (1989) Third International Eclogite Conference, Würzburg, 1989, Guidebook to Post-conference Field Trip, Marianské Lázně Complex: 24 pp
Johan, V, Autran A, Ledru P, Lardeaux JM, Melka F (1990) Discovery of relics of a high-pressure metamorphism at the base of the Moldanubian Nappe Complex. Abstracts, International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990
Kastl E, Tonika J (1984) The Mariánské Lázně metaophiolite complex (West Bohemia). Krystalinikum 17: 59–76
Kettner R (1917) Versuch einer stratigraphischen Einteilung des böhmischen Algonkiums. Geol Rundsch 8: 168–188
Klápová H (1990) Eclogites of the Bohemian part of the Saxothuringicum. Rozpravy Československé Akademie Věd, Řada Matematických a Přírodních Věd 100: 5–84
Kleemann U (1991) Die P-T-t-d-Entwicklung in Grenzbereich zwischen der Zone von Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss (ZEV) und dem Moldanubikum in der Oberpfalz/NE Bayern. Doktoral Dissertation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum: 218 pp
Kleemann U, Stein E, Blümel P (1989) Mylonite im Grenzbereich zwischen ZEV und Moldanubikum. KTB Rep 89-3: 349
Klemd R (1989) P-T conditions and fluid inclusion characteristics of retrograde eclogites, Münchberger Gneiss Massif, Germany. Contrib Mineral Petrol 102: 221–229
Klemd R, Matthes S, Okrusch M (1991). High-pressure relics in meta-sediments intercalated with the Weissenstein eclogite, Münchberg gneiss complex, Bavaria. Contrib Mineral Petrol 107: 328–342
Klinkhammer B, Rost F (1975) Die Serpentinite des Oberpfälzer Waldes. Aufschluß 26: 39–64
Kober L (1938) Der geologische Aufbau Österreichs. Springer, Wien: 204 pp
Köhler H, Müller-Sohnius D (1980) Rb-Sr systematics on paragneiss series from the Bavarian Moldanubikum, Germany. Contrib Mineral Petrol 71: 387–392
Köhler H, Müller-Sohnius D (1985) Rb-Sr-Altersbestimmungen und Sr-Isotopensystematik an Gesteinen des Regensburger Waldes (Moldanubikum NE Bayerns), I: Paragneisanatexite. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 151: 1–28
Köhler H, Propach G, Troll G (1989) Exkursion zur Geologie, Petrographic und Geochronologie des N.E.-bayerischen Grundgebirges. Eur J Mineral 1, Beiheft: 1–84
Koller F (1990) Basic and intermediate intrusions in the Austrian part of the Moldanubian Zone. Abstracts, International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990
Kossmat F (1927) Gliederung des varistischen Gebirgsbaues. Abhandl sächs geol Landes 1: 39
Kotková J (1992) Granulites of the north Bohemian Massif basement: witness of continental collision? IGCP 304, International Workshop, high-pressure granulites — lower crustal metamorphism, 27/6–5/7/1992, Rohanov, Czechoslovakia, abstracts volume: 11–12
Kröner A, Wendt I, Liew TC, Compston W, Todt W Fiala J, Vaňková V, Vanek J (1988) U-Pb zircon and Sm-Nd model ages of high grade Moldanubian metasediments, Bohemian Massif, Czechoslovakia. Contrib Mineral Petrol 99: 257–266
Krebs W, Wachendorf H (1973) Proterozoic-Palaeozoic Geosynclinal and Orogenic Evolution of Central Europe. Geol Soc Am Bull 84: 2611–2629
Krentz O, Thomas R, Wiedemann R (1990) Aussagen zur Regionalmetamorphose des mittleren und westlichen Erzgebirges mit Hilfe thermobarometrischer Einschlußuntersuchungen. Zeitsch Geol Wissenschaft 18: 315–326
Kreuzer H, Seidel E (1989) Diskrete früh-devonische Ar/Ar Alter der Hangendserie (Münchberger Masse). Eur J Mineral 1, Beiheft: 103
Kreuzer H, Seidel E, Schüssler U, Okrusch M, Lenz K-L, Raschka H (1989) K-Ar geochronology of different tectonic units at the northwestern margin of the Bohemian Massif. Tectonophysics 157: 149–178
Krogh EJ (1977) Evidence for a Precambrian continent-continent collision in Western Norway. Nature 267: 17–19
Kryza R, Muszyński A, Vielzeuf D (1990) Glaucophane-bearing assemblage overprinted by greenschist-facies metamorphism in the Variscan Kaczawa complex, Sudetes, Poland. J Metamorphic Geol 8: 345–355
KTB (1986) Kontinentales Tiefbohrungsprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (KTB), Ergebnisse der Vorerkundungsarbeiten Lokation Oberpfalz, 2. KTB-Kolloquium, Seeheim/Odenwald, 1986: 186 pp
Linnemann U (1990) Stratigraphic division of the Precambrian and the Lower Paleozoic of the Southern Elbe Zone and some remarks on the Bavarian Facies in Saxony. Abstracts, International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990
Losert J (1967) Contribution to the problem of the Pre-Assyntian tectogenesis and metamorphism in the Moldanubicum of the Bohemian Massif. Krystalinikum 5: 61–82
Machart J (1984) Ultramafic rocks in the Bohemian part of the Moldanubicum and Central Bohemian Islet Zone (Bohemian Massif). Krystalinikum 17: 13–32
Matějovská O (1975) The Moldanubian gneiss series of southwestern Moravia and its relation to granulites. Věstnik Ústředního ústavu geologického 50: 345–351
Matte Ph (1991) Accretionary history and crustal evolution of the Variscan Belt in Western Europe. Tectonophysics 196: 309–337
Matte Ph, Maluski H, Rajlich P, Franke W (1990) Terrane boundaries in the Bohemian Massif: Result of large-scale Variscan shearing. Tectonophysics 177: 151–170
Matthes S, Olesch M (1989) Petrography, mineral chemistry and metamorphism of metagabbros from the Erbendorf Greenschist Zone, N.E.-Bavaria. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 161: 113–139
Matthes S, Seidel E (1977) Die Eklogitvorkommen des kristallinen Grundgebirges in NE-Bayerns, X. Bestehen genetische Beziehungen zwischen Eklogit und Meta-Gabbro innerhalb des Münchberger Gneisgebietes? N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 129: 269–291
Matthes S, Richter P, Schmidt K (1974) Die Eklogitvorkommen des kristallinen Grundgebirges in NE-Bayerns, VII. Ergebnisse aus einer Kernbohrung durch den Eklogitkörper des Weissensteins. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 120: 270–314
Matthes S, Richter P, Schmidt K (1975) Die Eklogitvorkommen des kristallinen Grundgebirges in NE-Bayerns, IX. Petrographie, Geochemie und Petrogenese der Eklogite des Münchberger Gneisgebietes. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 126: 45–86
Medaris LGJr, Carswell DA (1990) Petrogenesis of Mg-Cr garnet peridotites in European metamorphic belts. In: Carswell DA (ed) Eclogite Facies Rocks. Blackie, Glasgow: 260–290
Medaris LGJr, Wang HF, Mísař Z, Jelínek E (1990) Thermobarometry, diffusion modelling and cooling rates of crustal garnet peridotites: Two examples from the Moldanubian zone of the Bohemian Massif. In: Okrusch M (ed) Third International Eclogite Conference. Lithos 25: 189–202
Medaris LG, Beard BL, Mísař Z, Jelínek E (1991) Czech eclogites in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif: petrological characteristics and tectonic significance. Second Eclogite Field Symposium, Spain, 1991. Terra Nova 3 (Suppl 6): 7–8
Mercier L, Lardeaux J-M, Davy P (1991 a) On the tectonic significance of retrograde P-T-t paths in eclogites of the French Massif Central. Tectonics 10: 131–140
Mercier L, Van Roermund HLM, Lardeaux JM (1991 b) Comparison of P-T-t paths in allochthonous high pressure metamorphic terrains from the Scandinavian Caledonides and the French Massif Central: contrasted thermal structures during uplift. Geol Rundsch 80: 333–348
Messiga B, Bettini E (1990) Reactions behaviour during kelyphite and symplectite formation: a case study of mafic granulites and eclogites from the Bohemian Massif. Eur J Mineral 2: 125–144
Mierzejewski MP, Oberc-Dziedzic T (1990) The Izera-Karkonosze Block and its tectonic development. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abhandl 179: 197–222
Mísař Z, Jelínek E, Souček J, Tonika J (1984) the correlation of gabbro-peridotite complexes of the Bohemian Massif. Krystalinikum 17: 99–113
Morawski T (1973) The Sowie Góry area and its petrological problems. In: Smulikowski K (ed) Revue des problems géologiques des zones profondes de l'Écorce Terrestre en Basse Silesie. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warsaw: 44–58
Narebski W, Dostal J, Dupuy C (1986) Geochemical characteristics of Lower Paleozoic spilite-keratophyre series in the Western Sudetes (Poland). N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 155: 243–258
Neubauer F (1991) Zur Kinematic des intramoldanubischen Deckenbaues und der Platznahme des Südböhmischen Plutons. Arbeitstagung Geol Bundesanst Wien: 25–34
Neugebauer J (1988) The Variscan plate tectonic evolution: an improved “Iapetus model”. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitteil 68: 313–333
O'Brien PJ (1989 a) The petrology of retrograded eclogites of the Oberpfalz Forest, NE Bavaria, West Germany. Tectonophysics 157: 195–212
O'Brien PJ (1989 b) A study of retrogression in eclogites of the Oberpfalz Forest, north-east Bavaria, West Germany, and their significance in the tectonic evolution of the Bohemian Massif. In: Daly JS, Cliff RA, Yardley BWD (eds) Evolution of Metamorphic Belts Geol Soc London Spec Publ No. 43: 507–512
O'Brien PJ (1989 c) The petrology of eclogites and related rocks from the Bavarian margin of the Bohemian Massif, West Germany. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield
O'Brien PJ (1991 a) High pressure metamorphism in the NW Bohemian Massif: Comparisons and contrasts between the Moldanubian Zone, Münchberg Massif, ZEV, ZTT and Erzgebirge. KTB Rep 91-1: 1–12
O'Brien PJ (1991 b) A multistage metamorphic evolution in eclogites from the Mariánské Lázně complex, NW Bohemia, Czechoslovakia: the implications for uplift mechanisms. Terra Abstr 3: 93
O'Brien PJ (1991c) Fe-rich olivine development during breakdown of eclogite, gt clinopyroxenite and gt websterite from the Variscan basement of NE Bavaria, Germany. Second Eclogite Field Symposium. Terra Nova 3: (suppl 6): 8–9
O'Brien PJ (1993) Partially retrograded eclogites of the Münchberg Massif, Germany: records of a multistage Variscan uplift history in the Bohemian Massif. J Metamorphic Geol 11: 241–260
O'Brien PJ, Schmidt I (1991) The multistage metamorphic evolution of a retrograded garnet websterite from the Variscan basement of the Oberpfalz, NE Bavaria, Germany. Terra Abstr 3: 94
O'Brien PJ, Carswell DA, Gebauer D (1990) Eclogite formation and distribution in the European Variscides. In: Carswell DA (ed) Eclogite Facies Rocks Blackie, Glasgow: 204–224
O'Brien PJ, Röhr C, Okrusch M, Patzak M (1992) Eclogite facies relics and a multistage breakdown in metabasites of the KTB pilot hole, NE Bavaria: implications for the Variscan tectonometamorphic evolution of the NW Bohemian Massif. Contrib Mineral Petrol 112: 261–278
Okrusch M, Seidel E, Schüssler U, Richter P (1989) Geochemical characteristics of metabasites in different tectonic units of the Northeast Bavarian basement. In: Emmermann R, Wohlenberg J (eds) The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York: 67–79
Okrusch M, Matthes S, Klemd R, O'Brien PJ, Schmidt K (1991) Eclogites of the Northwestern margin of the Bohemian Massif: a review. Eur J Mineral 3: 707–730
Petrakakis K (1986) Metamorphism of high grade gneisses from the Moldanubian Zone, Austria, with particular reference to the garnets. J Metamorphic Geol 4: 323–344
Petrakakis K, Richter W (1991) Metamorphosebedingungen in der Gföhler Einheit. Zentralbl Geol Paläontol Teil I 1: 167–180
Pflug HD, Prössel KF (1991) Palynology in the pilot hole of the Continental Deep Drilling Program: results and implications. KTB Rep 91-1: 239–258
Pflug HD, Reitz E (1987) Palynology in metamorphic rocks; indication of early land plants. Naturwissenschaften 74: 386–387
Pin C, Vielzeuf D (1988) Les granulites de haute-pression d'Europe moyenne témoins d'une subduction éo-hercynienne. Implications sur l'origine des groups leptyno-amphiboliques. Bull Soc Géol France (8) 4: 13–20
Pin C, Majerowicz A, Wojciechowska I (1988) Upper Paleozoic oceanic crust in the Polish Sudetes: Nd-Sr isotope and trace element evidence. Lithos 21: 195–209
Polański A (1955) On the metamorphism of crystalline formations of the Sowie Mts (Middle Sudeten). Arch Mineral 18: 285–292
Pouba Z, Paděra K, Fiala J (1985) Omphacite granulite from the N.E. marginal area of the Bohemian Massif (Rychleby Mts). N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 151: 29–52
Rajlich P (1987) Variszische duktile tektonik im Böhmischen Massif. Geol Rundsch 76: 755–786
Rajlich P (1990 a) Strain and tectonic styles related to Variscan transpression and transtension in the Moravo-Silesian Culmian basin, Bohemian Massif, Czechoslovakia. Tectonophysics 174: 351–367
Rajlich P (1990 b) Variscan shearing tectonics in the Bohemian Massif. Mineralia Slovaca 22: 33–40
Rajlich P, Synek J, Sarbach M, Schulmann K (1986) Hercynian-thrust related shear zones and deformation of the Varied Group on the contact of granulites (Southern Moldanubian, Bohemian Massif). Geol Rundsch 75/3: 665–683
Reinhardt J (1990) Metamorphism of the metapelites in the KTB drillcore: reaction sequence and thermobarometric constraints. KTB Rep 90-4: 535
Richardson SW, England PC (1979) Metamorphic consequences of Custal eclogite production in overthrust orogenic zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 42: 183–190
Richter W, Koller F, Beran A (1991) Exkursion in die Metamorphen Serien und magmatischen Gesteinskomplexe des Waldviertels, Moldanubikum, Österreich. Eur J Mineral 3, Beiheft: 131–159
Rost F, Grigel W (1969) Zur Geochemie und Genese granatführen-der Ultramafitite des mitteleuropäischen Grundgebirges. Chem Erde 28: 91–177
Rötzler J (1992) Zur Petrogenese im Sächsischen Granulitgebirge. Die pyroxenfreien Granulite und die Metapelite. Geotekton Forsch 77: 1–100
Rötzler K (1992) High-pressure metamorphism of quartzo-feldspathic granulites in the Erzgebirge, southern Saxony, Germany. IGCP 304, International Workshop, High-pressure, Granulites —Lower Crustal Metamorphism, 27/6–5/7/1992, Rohanov, Czechoslovakia, abstracts: 11–12
Scharbert HG (1963) Die Granulite des südlichen niederösterreichischen Moldanubikums. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 100: 59–86
Scharbert HG, Carswell DA (1983) Petrology of garnet-clinopyroxene rocks in a granulite facies environment, Bohemian Massif of Lower Austria. Bull Mineral 106: 761–774
Scharbert S (1987) Rb-Sr Untersuchungen granitoider Gesteine des Moldanubikums in Österreich. Mitteil Österreich Mineral Gesellsch 132: 21–37
Scharbert S, Batik B (1980) The age of the Thaya (Dyje) Pluton. Verhandl Geol Bundes Wien 3: 325–331
Schuumann KH (1925) Die gesteins- und mineralfazielle Stellung der Metakieselschiefergruppe der südlichen Randzone des sächsischen Granulitgebirges. Abhandl Mathemat-physikal Klasse Sächs Akad Wissenschaf 39
Schmädicke E, Okrusch M, Schmidt W (1992) Eclogite-facies rocks in the Saxonian Erzgebirge, Germany: high pressure metamorphism under contrasting conditions. Contrib Mineral Petrol 110: 226–241
Schreyer W (1966) Metamorpher Übergang Saxothuringikum-Moldanubikum östlich Tirschenreuth/Opf., nachgewiesen durch phasenpetrologische Analyse. Geol Rundsch 55: 491–509
Schulmann K, Ledru P, Autran A, Melka R, Lardeaux JM, Urban M, Lobkowics M (1991) Evolution of nappes in the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif: a kinematic interpretation. Geol Rundsch 90: 73–93
Schüssler U (1990) Petrographic, Geochemie und Metamorphosealter von Metabasiten im KTB-Zielgebiet Oberpfalz. Geol Bavar 95: 5–99
Schüssler U, Kreuzer H, Vejnar Z, Okrusch M, Seidel E, Kopecký L Jr, Patzak M (1989) Geochemische Untersuchungen und K-Ar Datierungen in der Zone Tepl-Taus. Eur J Mineral 1, Beiheft: 175
Skácel J (1981) Geologic des Kristallinikums in der Umgebung der Stadt Jeseník. Acta U. P. Olomucencis, fac. r. nat. 70: 107–126
Smulikowski K, Bakun-Czubarow N (1969) Corundum-bearing eclogite amphibolite forming a loaf-shaped inclusion in the granulites of Bystrzyca Górna (Sowie Góry, Middle Sudetes, Poland). Bull Acad Polon Sci Sér Sci Géol Géogr 17: 1–6
Smulikowski K, Smulikowski W (1985) Porphyroblastic eclogites of the Śnieznik Mountains in the Polish Sudetes. Chem Geol 50: 201–222
Söllner F, Köhler H, Müller-Sohnius D (1981) Rb/Sr-Altersbestimmungen an Gesteinen der Münchberger Gneismasse (MM), N. E.-Bayern. Teil 1, Gesamtgesteinsdatierungen. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 141: 90–112
Souček J (1978) Metamorphic zones of the Vrbno and Rejviz series, the Hruby Jeseník Mountains, Czechoslovakia. Tschermaks Mineral Petrogr Mitteil 25: 195–217
Stein E (1988) Die strukturgeologische Entwicklung im Übergangsbereich Saxothuringikum/Moldanubikum in N. E.-Bayern. Geol Bavar 92: 5–131
Stettner G (1960) Über Ban und Entwicklung der Münchberger Gneismasse. Geol Rundsch 49: 350–375
Stöckhert B (1989) Zur Konstruktion geotektonischer Modelle um die Bohrlokation Oberpfalz. KTB Rep 89-3: 353
Stosch H-G, Lugmair GW (1990) Geochemistry and evolution of MORB-type eclogites from the Münchberg Massif, southern Germany. Earth Planet Sci Lett 99: 230–249
Suess FE (1897) Der Ban des Gneisgebietes von Gr. Bittesch und Namiest in Mähren. Jahrb Geol Reichs 47: 505–532
Suess FE (1912) Vorläufige Mitteilungen über die Münchberger Deckscholle. Sitzungsber Akad Wissenschaf Wien Mathematischnaturwissenschaft Klasse 121, No. 10: 253
Suk M, Blízkovsky M, Buday T, Chlupáč I, Cicha I (1984) Geological History of the Territory of the Czech Socialist Republic. Geological Survey, Prague: 208 pp
Teufel S (1988) Vergleichende U-Pb- and Rb-Sr-Altersbestimmungen an Gesteinen des Übergangsbereiches Saxothuringikum/Moldanubikum, NE-Bayern. Gött Arbeit Geol Paläontol 35: 87 pp
Thiele O (1976) Ein westvergenter kaledonischer Deckenbau im niederösterreichischen Waldviertel? Jahrb Geol Bundesans Wien 119: 75–81
Tollmann A (1982) Großräumiger variszischer Deckenbau im Moldanubikum und neue Gedanken zum Variszikum Europas. Geotekton Forsch 64: 1–91
Urban M (1990) Kinematics of the Variscan thrusting in the eastern Moldanubikum (Czechoslovakia) as inferred from the micro- and mesofabric evolution of the Náměšt granulites. Abstracts, International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990
Van Breemen O, Aftalion M, Bowes DR, Dudek A, Mísař Z, Povondra P, Vrána S (1982) Geochronological studies of the Bohemian massif, Czechoslovakia, and their significance in the evolution of Central Europe. Trans R Soc Edinburgh: Earth Sci 73: 89–108
Van Breemen O, Bowes DR, Aftalion M, Żelaźniewicz A (1988) Devonian tectonothermal activity in the Sowie Góry gneissic block, Sudetes, southwestern Poland: evidence from Rb-Sr and U-Pb isotopic studies. Ann Soc Geol Polon 58: 3–19
Vejnar Z (1966) The petrogenetic interpretation of kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite in the southwestern Bohemia crystalline complexes. N Jahrb Mineral Abhandl 104: 172–189
Vejnar Z (1971) Grundfragen des Moldanubikums und seine Stellung in der Böhmischen Masse. Geol Rundsch 60:1455–1465
Vejnar Z (1974) Garnet gedrifites from the West-Bohemian Metabasite Belt. Krystalinikum 10: 171–179
Vejnar Z (1986) The Kdyně Massif, South-West Bohemia — a tectonically modified basic layered intrusion. Sborník Geol Věd Geol 41: 9–67
Voll G (1960) Stoff, Ban und Alter der Grenzzone Moldanubikum/Saxothuringikum in Bayern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung gabbroider, amphibolitischer und kalksilikatischer Gesteine. Beiheft Geol Jahrb 42: 382 pp
Von Gaertner HR, Von Horstig G, Stettner G, Wurm A (1968) Saxothuringikum in Bavaria. International Geological Congress, 23rd session, Prague, Guide to excursion C34. Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung, Hannover: 1–160
Von Gehlen K, Schmitt GE (1989) Serpentinites from Winklarn (northeastern Bavaria, F.R.G.) and from Brezovica and Raduša (Yugoslavia): relics of sub-oceanic mantle. Tectonophysics 157: 213–219
Von Quadt A, (1990) U-Pb zircon and Sm-Nd analyses on metabasites from the KTB pilot borehole. KTB Rep 90-4: 545
Von Quadt A, Gebauer D (1988) Sm/Nd-, U/Pb- and Rb/Sr dating of high-pressure ultramafic to felsic rocks from the Moldanubian area of N. E. Bavaria (FRG) and the Saxonian Granulite Massif (GDR). Chem Geol 70: 15
Von Quadt A, Gebauer D (1990) Isotopic ages from the Saxonian Granulite Massif (GDR) and their geodynamic significance. Abstracts, International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990
Von Raumer JF (1984) The external massifs; relics of Variscan basement in the Alps. Geol Rundsch 73: 1–32
Vrána S (1979) Polyphase shear folding and thrusting in the Moldanubicum of southern Bohemia. Věstnik Ústředního ústavu geologického 54: 75–86
Vrána S (1989) Perpotassic granulites from southern Bohemia. A new rock-type derived from partial melting of crustal rocks under upper mantle conditions. Contrib Mineral Petrol 103: 510–522
Vrána S (1992) Stop 7, Suš.-IGCP 304, International Workshop, High-pressure Granulites — Lower Crustal Metamorphism, 27/6–5/7/1992, Rohanov, Czechoslovakia, Excursion Guide: 25–27
Walcott RI (1987) Geodetic strain and the deformational history of the North Island of New Zealand during the late Cainozoic. Phil Trans R Soc London 321: 163–181
Waldhausrová J (1984) Proterozoic volcanics and intrusive rocks of the Jílové zone in central Bohemia. Krystalinikum 17: 77–97
Weber K (1985) 2nd International Symposium on Observation of the Continental Crust through Drilling, Göttingen, 1985, Excursion Guide, Oberpfalz: 84 pp
Weber K (1986) Metamorphism and crustal theology — implications for the structural development of the continental crust during prograde metamorphism. In: Dawson JB, Carswell DA, Hall J, Wedepohl KH (eds) The Nature of the Lower Continental Crost. Geol Soc London Spec Publ No 24: 95–106
Weber K, Duyster J (1990) Moldanubian Zone of the Waldviertel, Lower Austria — International Conference on Paleozoic Orogens in Central Europe, Göttingen, 1990, Field Guide, Bohemian Massif: 99–114
Weber K, Vollbrecht A (1989) The crustal structure at the KTB drill site, Oberpfalz. In: Emmermann R, Wohlenberg J (eds) The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York: 5–36
Weiss J (1966) Ultrabasic rocks of the West Moravian crystalline complex. Krystalinikum 4: 171–184
Werner C-D (1989) Metamorphic mafic rocks of the Central Saxon Lineament Zone. In: Kramer W, Werner CD (eds) Prevariscan mafic rocks in the Saxothuringian Zone. Guidebook of Excursions. Central Institute for Physics of the Earth, Potsdam: 49–54
Werner C-D, Kononkova NN (1989) Eclogites in the Erzgebirge Mountains. In: Kramer W, Werner CD (eds) Prevariscan mafic rocks in the Saxothuringian Zone. Guidebook of Excursions. Central Institute for Physics of the Earth, Potsdam: 58–63
Werner C-D (1981) Sächsisches Granulitgebirge — Saxon Granulite Massif. In: Ophiolites and initialites of the Northern Border of the Bohemian Massif. Guide Book of Excursions, I. Potsdam-Freiberg: 129–161
Wienholz R, Hofmann J, Mathé G (1979) Über Metamorphose, Tiefenbau und regionale Position des Erzgebirgskristallins. Zeits Geol Wissenschaft 7: 385–395
Wojciechowska I (1990) Geology of the Klodzko Metamorphic Unit (Sudetes, Poland). N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abhandl 179: 189–195
Wurm A (1926) Über den Bauplan des variskischen Gebirges am Westrand der böhmischen Masse. Geol Rundsch 17: 241–257
Żakowa H (1963) Stratigraphy and facial extent of the Lower Carboniferous in the Sudeten Mountains. Kwartalnik Geol 7: 73–94
Zaydan A, Scharbert HG (1983) Petrologic und Geochemie moldanubischer metamorpher Serien in Raume Persenbeug (südliches Waldviertel). Jahrb Geol Bundes Wien 126: 181–199
Żelaźniewicz A (1985) Granulitic inliers amidst a gneissic/migmatitic complex of the Owl Mts, Sudetes. Acta Geol Polon 35: 157–171
Żelaźniewicz A (1990) Deformation and metamorphism in the Góry Sowie gneiss complex, Sudetes, S. W. Poland. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abhandl 179: 129–157
Ziegler PA (1984) Caledonian and Hercynian crustal consolidation of western and central Europe; A working hypothesis. Geol Mijnb 63: 93–108
Zulauf G (1991) Zur spät- his postvariszischen Krustenentwicklung in der nördlichen Oberpfalz. KTB Rep 91-1: 41–62
Zwart HJ (1967) The duality of orogenic belts. Geol Mijnb 46: 283–309
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Correspondence to: P. J. O'Brien
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
O'Brien, P.J., Carswell, D.A. Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Bohemian Massif: evidence from high pressure metamorphic rocks. Geol Rundsch 82, 531–555 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212415
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212415