Abstract
Chemical analysis for major and trace elements have been performed on 30 Swedish Precambrian iron ores and on some from Iran and Chile. The Swedish ores consist of apatite iron ores, quartz-banded iron ores, skarn and limestone iron ores from the two main ore districts of Sweden, the Bergslagen and the Norrbotten province. Some Swedish titaniferous iron ores were also included in the investigation. The trace element data show that the Swedish ores can be subdivided into two major groups: 1. orthomagmatic and exhalative, 2. sedimentary. Within group 1 the titaniferous iron ores are distinguished by their high Ti-contents. From the ferride contents of the Kiruna apatite iron ores, the ores are considered to be mobilization products of skarn iron ores from the Norbotten province.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Annersten, H., Ekström, T.: Distribution of major and minor elements in coexisting minerals from a metamorphosed iron formation. Lithos 4, 185–204 (1971)
Asklund, B.: Apatitjärnmalmernas differentiation. Geol. Fören. Stockholm, Förh., 71, 127–176 (1949)
Bateman, A.M.: The formation of late magmatic oxide ores. Econ. Geol. 46, 404–426 (1951)
Baumann, L.: Introduction to Ore Deposits. Edinburgh and London, 1976
Borchert, H.: Geosynklinale Lagerstätten. Freiberger Forschungshefte C 79, 7–61 (1960)
Boström, K.: New finds of exhalative deposits on the East Pacific Rise. Geol. Fören. Stockholm, Forh. 96, 53–60 (1974)
Boström, K.: On the origin of magnetitehematite-apatite “magmas” at subduction zones. Stockholm Contrib. Geology, 37 (1981)
Burman, J-O., Boström, B., Böstrom, K.: Geochemical analyses by plasma spectroscopy. Geol. Fören. Förh., Stockholm, 99, 102–110 (1977)
Burman, J-O., Boström, K.; Comparison of different plasma excitation and calibration methods in the analysis of geological materials by optical emission spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 51, 516–520 (1979)
Burman, J-O., Pontér, C., Boström, K.: Metaborate digestion procedure for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 51, 516–520 (1978)
Bäckström, H.: Ekströmsbergs och Mertainens järnmalmsfälts geologi. Geol. Fören. Stockholm, Förh. 26, 180–183 (1904)
Dorr, J.V.N., II: Iron-Formation in South America. Econ. Geol. 68, 1005–1022 (1973)
Fischer, R.: Entmischung in Schmelzen aus Schwermetalloxyden, Silikaten und Phosphaten. N. Jahrb. Min. Abh. vol. 81, pp 315–364 (1950)
Frietsch, R.: Berggrund och malmer i Svappavaarafältet, norra Sverige. Sveriges Geol. Unders., Ser.C, 604 (1966)
Frietsch, R.: Trace elements in magnetite and hematite mainly from Northern Sweden. Sveriges Geol. Unders., Ser. C, 646 (1970)
Frietsch, R.: The origin of the Kiruna ores. Geol. Fören. Stockholm, Förh, 95, 375–380 (1973)
Frietsch, R.: Brief outline of the mettalic mineral resoureces of Sweden. Sveriges Geol. Unders., Ser.C, nr 718 (1975)
Frietsch, R.: The iron ore deposits in Sweden. In: The iron ore deposits of Europe and adjacent areas, ed. by A.Zitzman. Explanatory notes to the International map of the iron ore deposits of Europe. Bundesan-stalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, vol 1, 279–293 (1977)
Frietsch, R.: On the magmatic origin of iron ores of the Kiruna type. Econ.Geol. 73, 478–485 (1978)
Frietsch, R.: The ore deposits of Sweden. Geol.Surv. Finland, Bulletin 306, 1980a
Frietsch, R.: Precambrian ores of the northern part of Norrbotten county, northern Sweden. Guide to excursions 078 A+C, Part 1 (Sweden). 26th International Geological Congress, Paris 1980, Geol.Surv. Finland, Espoo 1980
Frutos, J.J., Oyarzün, J.M.: Tectonic and geochemical evidence concerning the genesis of El Laco magnetite lava flow deposits, Chile. Econ. Geol. 70, 988–990 (1975)
Förster, G., Bachtiar, I., Borumandi, H.: Petrographische Detailuntersuchungen im Bereich der Eisenerzlagerstätten von Bafq/Zentraliran. Z.Deutsch. Geol.Ges. 124, 121–134 (1973)
Förster, H., Knittel, U.: Petrographic observations on a magnetite deposit at Mishdovan, Central Iran. Econ. Geol. 74, 1485–1510 (1979)
Geijer, P.: Igneous rocks and iron ores of Kiirunavaara, Luossavaara and Tuolluvaara. Scientific and practical researches in Lapland arranged by Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag. Stockholm 1910
Geijer, P.: The iron ores of the Kiruna type. Sveriges Geol.Unders., Ser. C, 367 (1931)
Geijer, P.: Die nordschwedischen Eisenerze und verwandte Lagerstätten als Beispiele eruptiver Spaltungsprozesse. Geol. Rundschau 26 351–366 (1935)
Geijer, P., Magnusson, N.H.: De mellansvenska järnmalmernas geologi. Sveriges Geol. Unders., Ser. Ca 35 (1944)
Geijer, P., Magnusson, N.H.: The iron ores of Sweden, in Symposium sur le gisements de fer du monde: Internat. Geol. Congr. 19th, Alger 1952, 477–499 (1952)
Grip, E., Frietsch, R.: Malm i Sverige II. Stockholm, 1973
Hegemann, F., Albrecht, F.: Zur Geochemie oxydischer Eisenerze. Chemie der Erde 17, 81–103 (1954)
Henriquez, F., Martin, R.F.: Chrystal-growth textures in magnetite flows and feeder dykes, El Laco, Chile. Canadian Mineralogist 16, 581–589 (1978)
Kisvarsanyi, G., Proctor, P.D.: Trace element content of Magnetites and hematites, Southeast Missouri iron metallogenic province, USA. Econ. Geol. 62, 449–471 (1967)
Landergren, S.: On the Geochemistry of Swedish iron ores and associated rocks. Sveriges Geol. Unders., Ser. C, 496 (1948)
Loberg, B.: A Proterozoic subduction zone in Southern Sweden. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 46, 287–294 (1980)
Lundberg, B., Smellie, J.A.T.: Painirova and Mertainen iron ores: Two deposits of the Kiruna iron ore type in Northern Sweden. Econ.Geol. 74, 1131–1152 (1975)
Lundqvist, Th.: The Precambrian of Sweden. Sveriges Geol Unders., Ser. C, 768 (1979)
Löfgren, Ch.: Do leptites represent Precambrian island arc rock? Lithos 12, 159–165 (1979)
Magnusson, N.H.: Malm i Sverige I. Stockholm, 1973
Oelsner, O.: Zur Genese der nord- und mittelschwedischen Eisenerzlager-stätten. Geologie, 10, 601–622 (1961)
Parak, T.: Kirunamalmernas Bildning (Doctoral thesis) Lule», 1973
Parak, T.: The origin of the Kiruna iron ores. Sveriges Geol.Unders., Ser. C, 709 (1975a)
Parak, T.: Kiruna iron ores are not “intrusive-magmatic Ores of the Kiruna type”. Econ.Geol. 70, 1242–1258 (1975b)
Park, Ch.F.: A magnetite “flow” in Northern Chile. Econ.Geol. 56, 431–441 (1961)
Park, Ch.F.: The iron ore deposits of the Pacific Basin. Econ.Geol. 67, 339–349 (1972)
Philpotts, A.R.: Origin of certain irontitanium oxide and apatite rocks. Econ Geol. 62, 303–315 (1967)
Schermerhorn, L.J.G.: Epigenetic magnesium metasomatism or syngenetic chlorite metamorphism at Falun and Orijärvi. Inst.Min.Met., Trans., Ser.B 87, 162–167 (1978)
Smellie, J.A.: Kiruna-type ores from Mertainen and Painirova. Geol.Fören. Stockholm Förh. (GFF) 102, 290–291 (1980)
Stanton, R.L.: Ore Petrology, New York, 1972
Vogt, J.H.L.: On the genesis of the iron ore deposits of the Kiruna type. Geol.Fören. Stockholm, Förh. 49, 153–195 (1927)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Loberg, B.E.H., Horndahl, AK. Ferride geochemistry of Swedish precambrian iron ores. Mineral. Deposita 18, 487–504 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204493
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204493