Abstract
The region upstream from terrestrial, planetary, and interplanetary shocks in which the magnetic field lines are connected to the shock is filled with a variety of plasma waves, MHD waves, energetic electrons, and ions associated with the near presence of the shock. These upstream waves and particles present us with a natural plasma laboratory which is providing basic information on plasma instabilities and collisionless shock physics, as well as insight into how cosmic ray acceleration may occur in the interstellar medium. Much remains to be done, however, before our present empirical knowledge is woven into the stronger fabric of theoretical understanding.
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Russell, C.T., Hoppe, M.M. Upstream waves and particles. Space Sci Rev 34, 155–172 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00194624
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00194624