Abstract
Trichoderma reesei VTT-D-86271 (Rut C-30) was cultivatedon media based on cellulose and xylan as the main carbon source in fermentors with different pH minimum controls. Production of xylanase was favoured by a rather high pH minimum control between 6.0 and 7.0 on both cellulose- and xylan-based media. Although xylanase was produced efficiently on cellulose as well as on xylan as the carbon source, significant production of cellulose was observed only on the cellulose-based medium and best production was at lower pH (4.0 minimum). Production of xylanase at pH 7.0 was shown to be dependent on the nature of the xylan in the cultivation medium but was independent of other organic components. Best production of xylanase was observed on insoluble, unsubstituted beech xylan at pH 7.0. Similar results were obtained in laboratory and pilot (200-l) fermentors. Downstream processing of the xylanase-rich, low-cellulose culture filtrate presented no technical problems despite apparent autolysis of the fungus at the high pH. Enzyme produced in the 200-l pilot fermentor was shown to be suitable for use in enzyme-aided bleaching of kraft pulp. Due to the high xylanase/cellulase ratio of enzyme activities in the culture filtrate, pretreatment for removal of cellulase activity prior to pulp bleaching was unnecessary.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bailey MJ, Nevalainen KMH (1981) Induction, isolation and testing of stable Trichoderma reesei mutants with improved production of solubilizing cellulase. Enzyme Microb Technol 3:153–157
Bailey MJ, Poutanen K (1989) Production of xylanolytic enzymes by strains of Aspergillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 30:5–10
Bailey MJ, Viikari L (1993) Production of xylanases by Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus oryzae on xylan-based media. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 9:80–84
Bailey MJ, Biely P, Poutanen K (1992) Interlaboratory testing of methods for essay of xylanase activity. J Biotechnol 23:257–270
Bailey MJ, Siika-aho M, Valkeajärvi A, Viikari L (1993) Hydrolytic properties of two cellulases of Trichoderma reesei expressed in yeast. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 17:65–76
Biely P (1985) Microbial xylanolytic systems. Trends Biotechnol 3:286–290
Buchert J, Niemelä, Puls J, Poutanen K (1990) Improvement in the fermentability of steamed hemicellulose hydrolysate by ion exclusion. Process Biochem Int 25:176–180
Buchert J, Siika-aho M, Bailey M, Puls J, Valkeajärvi A, Pere J, Viikari L (1993) Quantitative determination of wood-derived soluble oligosaccharides by HPLC. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, in press
Dekker RFH (1983) Bioconversion of hemicellulose: aspects of hemicellulase production by Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and enzymatic saccharification of hemicellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 25:1127–1146
Gamerith G, Groicher R, Zeilinger S, Herzog P, Kubicek CP (1992) Cellulase-poor xylanases produced by Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 on hemicellulosic substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 38:315–322
Hrmová M, Biely P, Vršanská M (1986) Specificity of cellulase and xylanase induction in Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. Arch Microbiol 144:307–311
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) (1987) Measurement of cellulase activities. Pure Appl Chem 59:257–268
Koponen R (1991) Enzyme systems prove their potential. Pulp Paper Int 33:20–25
Leathers TD (1989) Purification and properties of xylanase from Aureobasidium. J Ind Microbiol 4:341–348
Leathers TD, Kurtzman CP, Detroy RW (1984) Overproduction and regulation of xylanase in Aureobasidium pullulans and Cryptococcus albidus. Biotechnol Bioeng Symp Ser 14:225–240
Lenz J, Schurz J (1986) Neue Wege zur Verwertung von Hemicellulosen. Oesterr Chem Ztg 11:318–321
Linko M, Markkanen P, Bailey M, Leisola M (1977) Production of cellulases and hemicellulases by Trichoderma viride. In: Ghose T (ed) Proceedings of the Symposium on Bioconversion, New Delhi, 21–23 February 1977. Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, pp 329–350
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin-phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Mandels M, Weber J (1969) The production of cellulases. Adv Chem Ser 95:391–414
Mes-Hartree M, Hogan CM, Saddler JN (1988) Influence of growth substrate on production of cellulase enzymes by Trichoderma harzianum E58. Biotechnol Bioeng 31:725–729
Miller G (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31:426–428
Montenecourt BS, Eveleigh DE (1979) Selective screening methods for the isolation of high yielding cellulase mutants of Trichoderma reesei. Adv Chem Ser 181:289–301
Nevalainen KMH, Palva ET (1978) Production of extracellular enzymes in mutants isolated from Trichoderma viride unable to hydrolyse cellulose. Appl Environ Microbiol 35:11–16
Nevalainen KMH, Penttilä ME, Harkki A, Teeri TT, Knowles JKC (1990) The molecular biology of Trichoderma and its application to the expression of both homologous and heterologous genes. In: Leong SA, Berka R (eds) Molecular and industrial mycology. Dekker, New York, pp 129–148
Royer JC, Nakas JP (1989) Xylanase production by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Enzyme Microb Technol 11:405–410
Royer JC, Nakas JP (1990) Interrelationship of xylanase induction and cellulase induction of Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:2535–2539
Ryu DDY, Mandels M (1980) Cellulases: biosynthesis and applications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2:91–102
Suominen P, Mäntylä A, Saarelainen R, Paloheimo M, Fagerström R, Parkkinen E, Nevalainen H (1992) Genetic engineering of Trichoderma reesei to produce suitable enzyme combinations for applications in the pulp and paper industry. In: Kuwahara M, Shimada M (eds) Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry. UNI Publishers, Tokyo, pp 439–445
Tan LUL, Yu EKC, Louis-Seize GW, Saddler JN (1987) Inexpensive, rapid procedure for bulk purification of cellulase-free β-1,4-d-xylanase of high specific activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 30:96–100
Tan LUL, Saddler JN, Yu EKC (1988) US patent no. 4725544, Method for purifying xylanase
Tenkanen M, Puls J, Poutanen K (1992) Two major xylanases of Trichoderma reesei. Enzyme Microb Technol 14:566–574
Viikari L, Ranua M, Kantelinen A, Linko M, Sundqvist J (1986) Bleaching with enzymes. In: Proceedings of the Third Conference on Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry, 16–19 June 1986, Swedish Wood Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, pp 67–69
Viikari L, Sundqvist J, Kettunen J (1991) Xylanase enzymes promote bleaching. Paperi ja puu — Paper and timber 73:384–389
Wong KKY, Saddler JN (1992) Trichoderma xylanases, their properties and application. In: Visser J, Beldman G, Kustersvan Someren MA, Voragen AGJ (eds) Xylans and xylanases. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 171–18
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Correspondence to: M. J. Bailey
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bailey, M.J., Buchert, J. & Viikari, L. Effect of pH on production of xylanase by Trichoderma reesei on xylan- and cellulose-based media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 224–229 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170371
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170371