Abstract
Simultaneous energy balance observations at a rural and a suburban site in Vancouver, B.C. during the summer of 1983 are presented. The study is a follow-up to that conducted in 1980. Many of the 1980 results were unexpected and the present study seeks to assess their representativeness. The net radiant, turbulent sensible, and rural soil heat flux densities were measured directly. The suburban heat storage was parameterized and the turbulent latent heat flux densities were resolved as residuals in the energy balances. The 1983 average diurnal energy partitioning for both sites was typical of those quoted in the literature, suggesting that the 1980 results represent an extreme case. Suburban-rural differences showed the suburban area to have a 4% increase in net radiation, a 51% increase in turbulent sensible heat, and a 46% decrease in turbulent latent heat flux density. The values of the average daytime Bowen ratio were 0.46 and 1.28 for the rural and suburban areas, respectively. The sensible heat flux density exhibited relatively large values in the late afternoon and remained directed upward on many summer evenings. Large day-to-day variability in the relative magnitude of the suburban turbulent fluxes may have been due to synoptic influences. In this environment, the turbulent surface and mixed layers are closely coupled because of the low aerodynamic resistance over the rough surface.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Camuffo, D. and Bernardi, A.: 1982, ‘An Observational Study of Heat Fluxes and Their Relationships with Net Radiation’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 23, 359–368.
Ching, J. K. S., Clarke, J. F., and Godowitch, J. M.: 1983, ‘Modulation of Heat Flux by Different Scales of Advection in an Urban Environment’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 25, 171–191.
de Bruin, H. A. E.: 1983, ‘A Model for the Priestley-Taylor Parameter α’, J. Climate Appl. Meteorol. 22, 572–578.
de Bruin, H. A. R. and Holtslag, A. A. M., 1982: ‘A Simple Parameterization of the Surface Fluxes of Sensible and Latent Heat During Daytime Compared with the Penman-Monteith Concept’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 21, 1610–1621.
Garratt, J. R.: 1980, ‘Surface Influence upon Vertical Profiles in the Atmospheric Near Surface Layer’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 106, 803–819.
Grimmond, C. S. B. and Oke, T. R.: 1986, ‘Urban Water Balance II: Results from a Suburb of Vancouver, B.C.’, Water Resources Research, in press.
Hay, J. E.: 1984, ‘An Assessment of the Mesoscale Variability of Solar Radiation at the Earth's Surface’, Solar Energy 32, 425–434.
Hildebrand, P. H. and Ackerman, B.: 1984, ‘Urban Effects on the Convective Boundary Layer’, J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 76–91.
Hilts, S. R.: 1983, ‘Comparison of Daytime Turbulent Energy Fluxes Measured by Eddy Correlation and Energy Balance Methods’, Internal Report, Dept. Geog., Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver.
Kalanda, B. D.: 1979, ‘Suburban Evapotranspiration Estimates in Vancouver’, MSc. Thesis, Dept. Geog. Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, 123 pp.
Kalanda, B. D., Oke, T. R., and Spittlehouse, D. L.: 1980, ‘Suburban Energy Balance Estimates for Vancouver, B.C. Using the Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance Approach’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 19, 791–802.
Kerschgens, M. J. and Hacker, J. M.: 1985, ‘On the Energy Budget of the Convective Boundary Layer Over an Urban and Rural Environment’, Beitr. Phys. Atmosph. 58, 171–185.
Landsberg, H. E.: 1981, The Urban Climate, Int. Geophys. Ser. 28, Academic Press, New York, 275 pp.
Latimer, J. R.: 1972, Radiation Measurement, Technical Manual Series No. 2. International Field Year Great Lakes, Information Canada, Ottawa, 53 pp.
Loudon, S. M. and Oke, T. R.: 1986, ‘A Quick Method to Estimate a Suburban Water Balance and Its Use to Evaluate the Role of Garden Irrigation’, Urban Ecol., submitted.
Lowry, W. P.: 1977, ‘Empirical Estimation of Urban Effects on Climate: A Problem Analysis’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 16, 129–135.
Lumley, J. L. and Panofsky, H. A.: 1964, The Structure of Atmospheric Turbulence, Interscience Monographs and Texts in Physics and Astronomy, Vol. XII, 239 pp.
McNaughton, K. G. and Jarvis, P. G.: 1983, ‘Predicting Effects of Vegetation Changes on Transpiration and Evaporation’, Water Deficits and Plant Growth, Vol. VII, 1–47.
McNaughton, K. G. and Spriggs, T. W.: 1985, ‘A Mixed Layer Model for Regional Evaporation’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 34, 243–262.
Oke, T. R.: 1976, ‘The Distinction Between Canopy and Boundary-Layer Urban Heat Islands’, Atmosphere 14, 268–277.
Oke, T. R.: 1978, Surface Heat Fluxes and the Urban Boundary Layer, WMO Symp. Bound. Layer Phys. App. Spec. Problems Air Poll., WMO No. 510, World Met. Organiz., Geneva, 63-69.
Oke, T. R.: 1979, ‘Advectively-Assisted Evapotranspiration from Irrigated Urban Vegetation’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 16, 167–174.
Oke, T. R.: 1982, ‘The Energetic Basis of the Urban Heat Island’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 108, 1–24.
Oke, T. R.: 1986, ‘The Surface Energy Budgets of Urban Areas’, Meteorological Monographs, (in press).
Oke, T. R. and Cleugh, H. A.: 1986, Urban Heat Storage Derived as Energy Budget Residuals, in preparation.
Oke, T. R. and McCaughey, J. H.: 1983, ‘Suburban-Rural Energy Balance Comparisons for Vancouver, B.C.: An Extreme Case?’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 26, 337–354.
Oke, T. R., Kalanda, B. D., and Steyn, D. G.: 1981, ‘Parameterization of Heat Storage in Urban Areas’, Urban Ecol. 5, 45–54.
Raupach, M. R., Thom, A. S., and Edwards, I.: 1980, ‘A Wind-Tunnel Study of Turbulent Flow Close to Regularly Arrayed Rough Surfaces’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 18, 373–397.
Steyn, D. G.: 1980, ‘Turbulent Diffusion and the Daytime Mixed Layer Depth over a Coastal City’, Ph.D. Thesis Dept. Geog. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Steyn, D. G.: 1985, ‘An Objective Method to Achieve Closure of Overdetermined Surface Energy Budgets’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 33, 303–311.
Steyn, D. G. and Oke, T. R.: 1980, ‘Effects of a Scrub Fire on the Surface Radiation Budget’, Weather 35, 212–215.
Steyn, D. G. and Oke, T. R.: 1982, ‘The Depth of the Daytime Mixed Layer at Two Coastal Sites: A Model and its Validation’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 24, 161–180.
Szeicz, G.: 1974, ‘Gaseous Wastes and Vegetation’, Preprint, Symp. on Waste Recycling and the Environment, N.R.C., Ottawa, 11 pp.
Thom, A. S. and Oliver, H. R., 1977, ‘On Penman's Equation for Estimating Regional Evaporation’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 103, 345–357.
Wyngaard, J. C.: 1973, On Surface Layer Turbulence, Workshop on Micrometeorology, A.M.S., 101–149.
Yap, D. H. and Oke, T. R.: 1974, ‘Sensible Heat Fluxes over an Urban Area — Vancouver, B.C.’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 13, 880–890.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cleugh, H.A., Oke, T.R. Suburban-rural energy balance comparisons in summer for Vancouver, B.C.. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 36, 351–369 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118337
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118337