Summary
Genetic variation was studied using enzyme polymorphism at 8 loci in ancient olive trees. These were being cultivated in 10 sites along a transect from North (Pre-Rif) to South (Anti-Atlas), involving the main ecological areas where the species is cultivated in Morocco. For the 328 trees studied, 16 alleles and 68 multilocus genotypes, of which one was present in more than half the individuals analysed, were detected. Eighty seven per cent of the total genetic diversity was attributable to within site variation and showed a high proportion of local genotypes. The highest values for both genotype number and heterozygosity were observed in the South of Morocco. Such high variation may be due to the partial domestication of olive material which may be derived from crosses between cultivars or between cultivars and ‘feral’ or wild olive (oleaster) trees growing frequently in the Southern region. Genetic diversity in Moroccan olive, constitutes an important genetic resource which must be conserved for further breeding.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Anon., 1989. BIOMECO, version 3.7, Groupe de Biométrie, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, C.N.R.S., Montpellier.
Benzecri, J.P., 1973. L'analyse des données. II. L'analyse des correspondances. Dunod, Paris.
Browicz, K. & J. Zielinksi, 1990. Chorology of trees and shrubs in south-west Asia and adjacent territories, Vol. 7. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa-Poznan.
Camps-Fabrer, H., 1974. L'Olivier et son importance économique dans l'Afrique antique. Options Méditerranénnes 24: 21–28.
Chevalier, A., 1948. L'origine de l'Olivier cultivé et ses variations. Rev Int Bot Appl Agric Trop 28: 1–25.
COI, 1993. Situation du marché international de l'huile d'olive et des olives de table. Olivae 45: 8–13.
De Vienne, D., 1984. Limites et perspectives des marqueurs moléculaires. Le Sélectionneur Français 33: 35–46.
Elant, H., 1946. La culture de l'Olivier au Maroc. La Terre Marocaine 3s: 3–19.
Elant, H., 1948. Situation de l'oléiculture et de la production de l'huile d'olive au Maroc. Proceedings XII Oleiculture International Congrès: 77–83.
Green, P.S. & G.E. Wickens, 1989. The Olea europaea complex. In: Kit Tan (Ed.), The Davis and Hedge Festschrifts, pp. 287–289. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Griggs, W.H., H.T. Hartmann, M.V. Bradley, B.T. Iwakiri & J.E. Whisler, 1975. Olive pollination in California. Calif Agric Exp Stn Bull: 869.
Kimura, M., 1983. The neutral theory of molecular evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Lavee, S. & Z. Datt, 1978. The necessity of cross- pollination for fruit set of Manzanillo olives. J Hort Sci 53: 262–266.
Legendre, L. & P. Legendre, 1979. Ecologie numérique. II. La structure des données écologiques. Masson, Paris.
Lenoir, M. & A. Akerraz, 1984. L'oléiculture dans le Maroc antique. Olivae 3: 12–17.
Maestratti, J., 1922. L'oléiculture dans la région de Fez. Proc V Oleiculture International Congress: 96–119.
Mathieu, E., M. Autem, M. Roux & F. Bonhomme, 1990. Epreuves de validation dans l'analyse de structures génétiques multivariées. Rev Stat Appl 38: 47–66.
Morettini, A., 1972. L'olivicoltura, 2nd ed., Ramo Editoriale degli Agricoltori, Roma.
Ouazzani, N., 1993. Etude de la variabilité et des ressources génétiques de l'Olivier (Olea europaea L.) à l'aide du polymorphisme enzymatique. Thesis, Doct. Es-Sciences Agronomiques, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc.
Ouazzani, N., R. Lumaret, P. Villemur & F.Di Giusto, 1993. Leaf allozyme variation in cultivated and wild olive trees (Olea europaea L.). J Hered 84: 34–42.
Ouazzani, N., R. Lumaret & P. Villemur, 1994. An evaluation of approach the genetic variability of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) using enzymatic markers. Acta Hort 356: 91–94.
Ouazzani, N., R. Lumaret & P. Villemur, 1995. Apport du polymorphisme alloenzymatique à l'identification variétale de l'olivier (Olea europaea L.). Agronomie 15: 31–37.
Pielou, E.C., 1969. An introduction to mathematical ecology. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Ruby, J., 1918. Recherches morphologiques et biologiques sur l'Olivier et sur les variétés cultivées en France. State Thesis, Univ Paris.
Rugini, E. & S. Lavee, 1992. Olive. In: F.A. Hammerschlag & R.E. Litz (Eds.), Biotechnology of Perennial Fruit Crops, pp. 371–382. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tornézy, M., 1992. L'oléiculture dans la région de Marrakech. Proceedings V Oleiculture International Congress: 44–82.
Turrill, W.B., 1951. Wild and cultivated olives. Kew Bull 3: 137–140.
Ward, J.H., 1963. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J Am State Ass 58: 236–244.
Wilson, A.C., S.S. Carlson & I.J. White, 1977. Biochemical evolution. Ann Rev Biochem 46: 573–639.
Zohary, D., 1994. The wild genetic resources of the cultivated olive. Acta Hort 356: 62–65.
Zohary, D. & P. Spiegel-Roy, 1975. Beginnings of fruit growing in the Old World. Science 187: 319–327.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ouazzani, N., Lumaret, R. & Villemur, P. Genetic variation in the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cultivated in Morocco. Euphytica 91, 9–20 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00035271
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00035271