Abstract
This review presents a summary of recent investigations examining the structure and function of the chlorophyll-proteins CPa-1 (CP47) and CPa-2 (CP43). Comparisons of the derived amino acid sequences of these proteins suggest sites for chlorophyll binding and for interactions between these chlorophyll-proteins and other Photosystem II components. Hydropathy plot analysis of these proteins allows the formulation fo testable hypotheses concerning their topology and orientation within the photosynthetic membrane. The role of these chlorophyll-proteins as interior light-harvesting chlorophyll-a antennae for Photosystem II is examined and other possible additional roles for these important Photosystem II components are discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Akabori K, Tsukamoto H, Tsukihara J, Nagatsuka T, Motokawa O and Toyoshima Y (1988) Disintegration and reconstitution of Photosystem II reaction center core complex. I. Preparation and characterization of three different types of subcomplex. Biochim Biophys Acta 932: 345–357
Alt J, Morris J, Westhoff P and Herrmann RG (1984) Nucleotide sequence of the clustered genes for the 44 kd chlorophyll a apoprotein and the ‘32 kd’-like protein of the Photosystem II reaction center in the spinach plastid chromosome. Curr Genetics 8: 597–606
Amesz J (1983) The role of manganese in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim Biophys Acta 726: 1–12
Anderson JM, Waldron JC and Thorne SW (1978) Chlorophyll-protein complexes of spinach and barley thylakoids. Spectral characteristics of six complexes resolved by an improved electrophoretic procedure. FEBS Lett 92: 227–233
Barber J, Chapman DJ and Tefler A (1987) Characterization of a PS II reaction center isolated from the chloroplasts of Pisum sativum. FEBS Lett 220: 67–73
Bassi R, Hoyer-Hansen G, Barbato R, Giacometti GM and Simpson DJ (1987) Chlorophyll proteins of the Photosystem II antenna system. J Biol Chem 262: 13333–13341
Bennett J (1980) Chloroplast phosphoproteins. Evidence for a thylakoid-bound phosphoprotein phosphatase. Eur J Biochem 104: 85–89
Bennett J, Shaw EK and Michel H (1988) Cytochrome b 6 f is required for phosphorylation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex II in chloroplast photosynthetic membranes. Eur J Biochem 171: 95–100
Bookjahns G, Stummann BM, Rasmussen OF and Henningsen KW (1986) Structure of a 3.2 kb region of the pea chloroplast DNA containing the gene for the 44 kD Photosystem II polypeptide. Plant Mol Biol 6: 359–366
Breton J (1982) The 695 nm fluorescence (F695) of chloroplasts at low temperature is emitted from the primary acceptor of photosystem 2. FEBS Lett 147: 16–20
Bricker TM, Metz JG, Miles D and Sherman LA (1983) Biochemical characterization of a highly active O2-evolving Photosystem II preparation from maize. Biochim Biophys Acta 724: 447–455
Bricker TM, Pakrasi HB and Sherman LA (1985) Characterization of a spinach Photosystem II preparation isolated by a simplified method. Arch Biochem Biophys 237: 170–176
Bricker TM and Frankel LK (1987) Use of a monoclonal antibody in structural investigations of the 49 kDa polypeptide of Photosystem II. Arch Biochem Biophys 256: 295–301
Bricker TM, Odom WR and Queirolo CB (1988) Close association of the 33 kDa extrinsic protein with the apoprotein of CPa-1 in Photosystem II. FEBS Lett 231: 111–117
Camm EL and Green BR (1989) The chlorophyll ab complex, CP29, is associated with the Photosystem II reaction centre core. Biochim Biophys Acta 974: 180–184
Callahan FE, Edelman M and Mattoo AK (1987) Posttranslational acylation and intra-thylakoid translocation of specific chloroplast proteins. In: Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Research, pp. 799–802. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Callahan FE, Wergin WP, Nelson N, Edelman M and Mattoo AK (1989) Distribution of thylakoid proteins between stromal and granal lamellae in Spirodela: dual location of Photosystem II components. Plant Physiology 91: 629–635
Carpenter SD and Vermaas WFJ (1988) Synechocystis 6803 mutants with a CP43 protein from spinach. In: Stevens SE and Bryant DA (eds) Light-energy transduction in photosynthesis: higher plant and bacterial models, pp 327–331. Rockvill, Maryland: American Society of Plant Physiologists
Chisholm D and Williams JGK (1988) Nucleotide sequence of psbC, the gene encoding the CP-43 chlorophyll a-binding protein of Photosystem II, in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Plant Mol Biol 10: 293–301
Chua N-H and Benoun P (1975) Thylakoid membrane polypeptides of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: wild type and mutant strains deficient in photosystem II reaction center. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 72: 2175–2179
Coughlan SJ (1988) Chloroplast thylakoid membrane phosphorylation is influenced by mutations in the cytochrome bf complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 933: 413–422
Deisenhofer J, Epp O, Miki K, Huber R and Michel H (1985) Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3Å resolution. Nature 318: 618–624
Delepelaire P and Chua N-H (1979) Lithium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of thylakoid membranes at 4°C: Characterization of two additional chlorophyll-a protein complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 76: 111–115
Dismukes GC (1986) The metal centers of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex. Photochem Photobiol 43: 99–115
van Dorssen RJ, Breton J, Plitjter JJ, Satoh K, van Gorkom HJ and Amez J (1987) Spectroscopic properties of the reaction center and of the 47 kDa chlorophyll protein of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 893: 267–274
Eckert H-J, Renger G, Bernarding J, Faust P, Eichler H-J and Salk J (1987) Examination of fluorescence lifetimes and radical-pair decay in Photosystem II membrane fragments from spinach. Biochim Biophys Acta 893: 208–218
Enami I, Satoh K and Katoh S (1987) Crosslinking between the 33 kDa extrinsic protein and the 47 kDa chlorophyll-carrying protein of the PS II reaction center core complex. FEBS Lett 226: 161–165
Enami I, Miyaoka T, Mochizuki Y, Shen J-R, Satoh K and Katoh S (1989) Nearest neighbor relationships among the constituent proteins of oxygen-evolving photosystem II membranes: binding and function of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 973: 35–40
Ferenci T (1989) Is “hydrophobicity analysis” sufficient to predict topology of membrane proteins' Trends Biol Sci 14: 96
Frank HA, Hansson O and Mathis P (1989) EPR and optical changes of the Photosystem II reaction center produced by low temperature illumination. Photosyn Res 20: 279–289
Gal A, Shahak Y, Schuster G and Ohad I (1987) Specific loss of LHC II phosphorylation in the Lemna mutant 1073 lacking the cytochrome b 6/f complex. FEBS Lett 221: 205–210
Ghanotakis DF, Demetriou DM and Yocum CF (1987) Isolation and characterization of an oxygen-evolving Photosystem II reaction center core preparation and a 28 kDa Chl-a-binding protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 891: 15–21
Ghanotakis DF, de Paula JC, Demetriou DM, Bowlby NR, Petersen J, Babcock GT and Yocum CF (1989) Isolation and characterization of the 47 kDa protein and the D1-D2-cytochrome b-559 complex. Biochim biophys Acta 974: 44–53
Golden SS and Stearns GW (1988) Nucleotide sequence and transcript analysis of three Photosystem II genes from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Gene 67: 85–96
Gounaris K, Chapman DJ and Barber J (1988) The interaction between the 33 kDa manganese-stabilizing protein and the D1/D2 cytochrome b-559 complex. FEBS Lett 234: 374–378
Gounaris K, Chapman DJ and Barber J (1989) Isolation and characterization of a D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 complex from Synechocystis 6803. Biochim Biophys Acta 973: 296–301.
Green BR (1988) The chlorophyll-protein complexes of higher plant photosynthetic membranes or Just what green band is that? Photosyn Res 15: 3–32
Hackett CS and Strittmatter P (1984) Covalent crosslinking of the active sites of vesicle-bound cytochrome b 5 and NADH cytochrome b 5 reductase. J. Biol Chem 259: 3275–3282
Hayden DB and Hopkins WG (1977) A second chlorophyll-a protein complex in mesophyll chloroplasts. Can J Bot 55: 2525–2529
von Heijne G and Gavel Y (1988) Topogenic signals in integral membrane proteins. Eur J Biochem 174: 671–678
Henriques F and Park RB (1978) Characterization of three new chlorophyll-protein complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 81: 1113–1118
Homann PH (1987) The relations between chloride, calcium, and polypeptide requirements of photosynthetic water oxidation. J Bioenerg Biomem 19: 105–123
Ikeuchi M, Plumley FG, Inoue Y and Schmidt GW (1987) Phosphorylation of Photosystem II components, CP43 apoprotein, D1, D2, and 10 to 11 kilodalton protein in chloroplast thylakoids of higher plants. Plant Physiol. 85: 638–642
Ikeuchi M and Inoue Y (1988) A new photosystem II reaction center component (4.8 kDa protein) encoded by the chloroplast genome. FEBS Lett 241: 99–104
Ikeuchi M, Tako K and Inoue Y (1989) N-terminal sequencing of Photosystem II low molecular mass proteins. FEBS Lett 242: 263–269
Krause GH and Weis E (1984) Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in plant physiology. II. Interpretation of fluorescence signals. Photosyn Res 5: 139–157
Krebbers ET (1983) Thesis, Harvard University
Mattoo AK and Edelman M (1987) Intramembrane translocation and post-translational palmitoylation of the chloroplast 32 kDa herbicide-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 84: 1497–1501
Michel H, Hunt DF, Shabanowitz J and Bennett J (1988) Tandem mass spectrometry reveals that three Photosystem II proteins of spinach chloroplasts contain N-acetyl-O-phosphothreonine at their NH2 termini. J Biol Chem 263: 1123–1130
Millner PA, Marder JB, Gounaris K and Barber J (1986) Localization and identification of phosphoproteins within the PS II core of higher plant thylakoid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 852: 30–37
Montandon P-E and Stutz E (1986) Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA: analysis of a 1.6 kb intron of the psb C gene containing an open reading frame of 458 codons. Curr Genet 11: 35–39
Morris J and Herrmann RG (1984) Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the P680 chlorophyll a apoprotein of the Photosystem II reaction center from spinach. Nucleic Acid Res 12: 2837–2850
Mullet JE and Arntzen CJ (1980) Simulation of grana stacking in a model membrane system: mediation by a purified light-harvesting pigment protein complex from cholorplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 589: 100–117
Murphy DJ (1986) The molecular organization of the photosynthetic membranes of higher plants. Biochim Biophys Acta 864: 33–94
Nakatani HY, Ke B, Dolan E and Arntzen CJ (1984) Identity of the Photosystem II reaction center polypeptide. Biochim Biophys Acta 765: 347–352
Nanba O and Satoh K (1987) Isolation of a Photosystem II reaction center consisting of D1 and D2 polypeptides and cytochrome b-559. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 109–112
Ohyama K, Kohchi T, Sano T, Sano S, Umesono K, Shiki Y, Takeuchi MM, Chang Z, Aota S, Inokuchi H and Ozeki H (1986) Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Nature 322: 572–574
Pakrasi HB, Riethman HC and Sherman LA (1985) Organization of the pigment proteins of the Photosystem II complex of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 82: 6903–6907
Paul C and Rosenbusch JP (1985) Folding patterns of porin and bacteriorhodopsin. EMBO J 4: 1593–1597
de Paula JC, Ghanotakis DF, Bowlby NR, Dekker JP, Yocum CF and Babcock GT (1990) Chlorophyll-protein interactions in Photosystem II. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of the D1-D2-cytochrome b 559 complex and the 47 kDa protein. To appear in the proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress of Photosynthesis.
Piccioni R, Benoun P and Chua NH (1981) A nuclear mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii defective in photosynthetic phosphorylation. Eur J Biochem 117: 93–102
Piccioni R, Bellemare R and Chua N-H (1982) Methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the analysis and preparation of plant polypeptides. In: Edelman M, Hallik RB and Chua N-H (eds) Methods of Chloroplast Molecular Biology, pp 985–1014. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam
Rochaix J-D, Kuchka M, Mayfield S, Schirmer-Rahire M, Girard-Bascou J and Bennoun P (1989) Nuclear and chloroplast mutations affect the synthesis or stability of the chloroplast psbC gene product in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii EMBO J 8: 1013–1021
Sayre RT, Andersson B and Bogorad L (1986) The topology of a membrane protein: the orientation of the 32 kD Qb-binding chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein. Cell 47: 601–608
Satoh K, Nakatani HY, Steinback KE, Watson J and Arntzen CJ (1983) Biochim Biophys Acta 724: 142–150
Shinozaki K, Ohme M, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Zaita N, Chunwongse J, Obokata J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Ohto C, Torazawa K, Meng BY, Sugita M, Deno H, Kamogashira T, Yamada K, Kusuda J, Takaiwa F, Kato A, Tohdoh N, Shimada H and Sugiura M (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J 5: 2043–2049
Stahl U, Tusov VB, Paschenko VZ and Voigt J (1989) Spectroscopic investigations of fluorescence behavior, role and function of the long-wavelength pigments of Photosystem I. Biochim Biophys Acta 973: 198–204
Tang XS and Satoh K (1984) Characterization of a 47-kilodalton chlorophyll-binding polypeptide (CP-47) isolated from a Photosystem II core complex. Plant Cell Physiol 25: 935–945
Tapie P, Acker S, Arntzen CJ, Choquet Y, Delepelaire P, Diner BA, Wollman FA and Breton J (1984) Orientation of absorbing and fluorescencing dipoles in PS II particles. In Sybsma C (ed) Advances in Photosynthesis Research, Vol 1, pp 693–696. Nijhoff/Junk Publishers, Amsterdam
Tronrud DE, Schmidt MF and Matthews BW (1986) Structure and X-ray amino acid sequence of a bacteriochlorophyll-a protein from Prosthecochloris aestuarii refined at 1.9 Å resolution. J Mol Biol 188: 443–454
Vermaas WFJ, Williams JGK, Rutherford AW, Mathis P and Arntzen CJ (1986) Genetically engineered mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 lacks the Photosystem II chlorophyll-binding protein CP-47. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 83: 9474–9477
Vermaas WFJ, Williams JGK and Arntzen CJ (1987) Sequencing and modification of psb B, the gene encoding the CP-47 protein of Photosystem II, in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Plant Mol Biol 8: 317–326
Vermaas WFJ, Ikeuchi M and Inoue Y (1988) Protein composition of the Photosystem II core complex in genetically engineered mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Photosyn Res 17: 97–113
de Vitry C, Wollmann F-A and Delepelaire P (1984) Function of the polypeptides of the Photosystem II reaction center in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta 767: 415–422
Wechsler T, Brunisholz R, Suter F, Fuller RC and Zuber H (1985) Primary structures of the bacteriochlorophyll c and a binding polypeptides of the green thermophilic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Abstract Vth International Symposium on Photosynthetic Procaryotes, p 296
Wessels JSC and Borchert MT (1978) Polypeptide profiles of chlorophyll-protein complexes and thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 503: 78–93
Yamagishi A and Katoh S (1985) Further characterization of the two Photosystem II reaction center preparations from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Biochim Biophys Acta 807: 74–80
Yamaguchi N, Takahashi Y and Satoh K (1988) Isolation and characterization of a Photosystem II core complex depleted in the 43 kDa chlorophyll-binding subunit. Plant Cell Physiol 29: 123–129
Zuber H, Brunisholz R and Sidler W (1987) Structure and function of light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. In Amesz J (ed) Photosynthesis pp 233–271. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by NSF Grant DMB-8740292.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bricker, T.M. The structure and function of CPa-1 and CPa-2 in Photosystem II. Photosynth Res 24, 1–13 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032639
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032639