Abstract
Natural influences as well as human activities have changed forest environments. As a result, growth conditions have changed with time. The annual and periodic growth of needles, shoots, tree rings and volume growth vary considerably over time. The variation in ring width and volume increment of Norway spruce correlates with precipitation and air temperature. High air temperature and low precipitation during the vegetation period reduce growth rate and increase tree mortality even in some areas where average precipitation is high and average air temperature is relatively low.
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