Abstract
A synthesis of current knowledge of the Cladocera living in non-surface waters is provided. For all 94 species and subspecies recorded (Dec. 1994) we give information on their ranges, ecological characteristics, and a review of literature data. We also give a historic survey of the development of concepts, identify categories among groundwater-dwelling species, and discuss their adaptations and the evolutionary lines present. Of the estimated total of c. 450 non-marine Cladocera of the world, c. 20% may occur in underground aquatic habitats, but true groundwater forms (stygobionts or stygobites) are relatively few, possibly not more than 10 species (c. 2.5% of the total). This number may increase, as attention is given to subterranean habitats outside Europe.
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Dumont, H.J., Negrea, S. A conspectus of the Cladocera of the subterranean waters of the world. Hydrobiologia 325, 1–30 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00023664
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00023664