Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Artemia Morphology and Structure

  • Chapter
Artemia: Basic and Applied Biology

Part of the book series: Biology of Aquatic Organisms ((BOAO,volume 1))

Abstract

Artemia is a typical primitive arthropod with a segmented body to which are attached broad leaf-like appendages that greatly increase the apparent size of the animal. The total length is usually about 8–10 mm for the adult male and 10–12 mm for the female, but the width of both sexes, including the legs, is about 4 mm. The body is divided into head, thorax, and abdomen. The head consists of one prostomial and five metameric segments, which bear in order, the median and compound eyes and labrum, first antennae, second antennae, mandibles, first maxillae or maxillulae, and second maxillae or maxillae. The thorax is constructed of eleven segments, each provided with a pair of swimming legs, while the abdomen is composed of eight segments. The anterior two abdominal segments are often referred to as the genital segments and of these, the first bears the gonopods, either the ovisac of the female or the paired penes of the male. Abdominal segments two through seven lack appendages. The eighth or last abdominal segment possesses the cercopods, also called the furca or telson (Cassel, 1937).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adiyodi., R.G. (1985) Reproduction and its control. In D.E. Bliss and L.H. Mantel (eds.), The Biology of Crustacea, Vol. 9, Academic Press, pp. 147–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amarant, R. and Elofsson, R. (1976) Distribution of monoaminergic neurons in the nervous system of non-malacostran crustaceans. Cell and Tissue Research 166, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anadon, A. and Anadon, E. (1980) Nauplius eye and adjacent organs of adult Anemia. In G. Persoone, P. Sorgeloos, O. Rods and E. Jaspers (eds.), The Brine Shrimp Artemia, Vol. 1, Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 41–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E., Lochhead, J.H., Lochhead, M.S. and Huebner, E. (1970) The origin and structure of the tertiary envelope in the thick-shelled eggs of the brine shrimp, Artemia. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 32, 497–525.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baid, I.C. and Ramaswami, L.S. (1965) Neurosecretory cells in Artemia salina L. Experientia 21, 528–529.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, D.I. and Sleigh, M.A. (1980) The propulsion and use of water currents for swimming and feeding in larval and adult Artemia. In G. Persoone, P. Sorgeloos, O. Rods, and E. Jaspers (eds.), The Brine Shrimp Artemia, Vol. 1, Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 61–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benesch, R. (1969) Zur Ontogenie und Morphologie von Artemia satina L. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 86, 307–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, S.T. (1962) The genetics of Artemia salina 1. The reproductive cycle. Biological Bulletin 122, 25–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G.G. (1966) Ultrastructural studies on crustacean spermatozoa and fertilization, Ph.D. Thesis, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G.G. (1970) Some ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis and sperm morphology in the brine shrimp Artemia satina Leach (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences 76, 473–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruggeman, R.D., and Wolfe, A.F. (1996) A study of the ultrastructure and the secretions of the male accessory gland of Artemia (Crustacea Branchiopoda). Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 70, 40–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, J.D. (1937) The morphology of Artemia satina (Linnaeus), M.A. Thesis, Leland Stanford Junior University, California, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claus, C. (1886) Untersuchungen über die Organisation und Entwicklung von Branchipus und Artemia nebst vergleichenden Bemerkungen über andere Phyllopoden. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologische Institute Wien 6, 267–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claus, C. (1891) Das Medianauge des Crustaceen. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologische Institute Wien 9, 225–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, D.E. (1967) A study of salt secreting cells in the brine shrimp (Artemia satina). Protoplasma 63, 363–384.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Criel, G. (1980a) Morphology of the female genital apparatus of Artemia: a review, in G. Persoone, P. Sorgeloos, O. Roels, and E. Jaspers (eds.), The Brine Shrimp Artemia, Vol. 1, Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Criel, G. (1980b) Ultrastructural observations on the oviduct of Artemia. In G. Persoone, P. Sorgeloos, O. Roels, and E. Jaspers (eds.), The Brine Shrimp Artemia, Vol. 1, Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 87–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Criel, G.R.J. (1991) Morphology of Artemia. In R.A. Browne, P. Sorgeloos and C.N.A. Trotman (eds.), Artemia Biology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 119–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Criel, G.R.J. and Walgraeve, H.R.M.A. (1989) Molt staging in Artemia adapted to Drach’s system. Journal of Morphology 199, 41–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, R., Criel, G.R.J., Walling, M.A. and MacRae, T.H. (2000) Posttranslationally modified tubulins and microtubule organization in hemocytes of the brine shrimp. Artemia franciscana, Journal of Morphology 244, 153–166.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Cuevas M. and Spradling A.C. (1998) Morphogenesis of the Drosophila fusome and its implication for oocyte specification. Development 125, 2781–2789.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Debaisieux, P. (1944) Les yeux des Crustacés. Structure, développement, réactions à l’éclairement. La Cellule 50, 9–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debaisieux, P. (1952) Histologie et histogénèse chez Chirocephalus diaphanus Prév. (Phyllopode, Anostracé). La Cellule 54, 251–294.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Maeyer-Criel, G. (1978) Elektronenmicroscopisch onderzoek naar de ultrastructuur tijdens de secretiecyclus van de schaalklier bij Artemia salin. Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academic’ voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van Belgie, Klasse der Wetenschappen 40, nr. 145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornesco, G.T. and Steopoe, J. (1958) Les glandes tégumentaires des phyllopodes anostracés. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie 20, 29–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elofsson, R. (1966) The nauplius eye and frontal organs of the non-malacostraca (Crustacea). Sarsia 25, 1–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elofsson, R. and Dahl, E. (1970) The optic neuropiles of Crustacea. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 107, 343–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elofsson, R. and Lake, P.S. (1971) On the cavity receptor organ (X-organ or organ of Bellonci) of Artemia salina (Crustacea: Anostraca). Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 121, 319–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elofsson. R. and Klemm, N. (1972) Monoamine-containing neurons in the optic ganglia of crustaceans and insects. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 133, 475–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elofsson, R. and Odselius, R. (1975) The anostracan rhabdom and the basement membrane. An ultrastructural study of the Artemia compound eye (Crustacea). Acta Zoologica 56, 141–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fautrez, J. and Fautrez-Firlefyn, N. (1971) Contribution à l’étude des glandes coquilières et des coques de l’oeuf d’ Anemia salina. Archives de Biologie (Liège) 82, 41–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, J.A. (1989) The integument of Artemia during early development. In T.H. MacRae, J.C. Bagshaw and A.H. Warner (eds.), Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Artemia, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 233–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, J.A., Cheshire, L.B. and MacRae, T.H. (1992) Epithelial morphogenesis in developing Artemia: the role of cell replication, cell shape change and the cytoskeleton. Developmental Biology 152, 279–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, J.A., Whittington, C. and MacRae, T.H. (1995) Relative growth of the tendinal cell and muscle in larval Artemia. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 28, 205–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, J. (1893) The mid-gut of Artemia salina. Journal of the Royal Microsc. Society, London 11, 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, W. (1924) The circulatory system of the brine shrimp. Science 60, 411–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, U. and Peters, W. (1998) Structure and permeability of the peritrophic membranes of some small crustaceans. Zoologischer Anzeiger 236, 103–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanström, B. (1928) Vergleichende Anatomie des Nervensystems des wirbellosen Tiere, Kapitel 22 Crustacea, Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanström, B. (1931) Neue Untersuchungen über Sinnesorgane und Nervensystem der Crustaceen, I. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere 23, 80–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hentschel, E. (1963) Zum neurosekretorischen System der Anostraca, Crustacea (Artemia salina Leach und Chirocephalus grubei Dybowsci). Zoologischer Anzeiger 170, 187–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hentschel, E. (1965) Neurosekretion und Neurohämalorgane bei Chirocephalus grubei Dybowci und Anemia salina Leach (Anostraca, Crustacea). Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 171, 44–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertel, H. (1980) The compound eye of Anemia salina (Crustacea). I. Fine structure when light and dark adapted. Zoologische Jahrbucher-Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere 84, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hootman, R. and Conte, F.P. (1974) Fine structure and function of the alimentary canal in Artemia salina nauplii. Cell and Tissue Research 155, 423–436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horridge, G.A. (1965a) Arthropoda: General Anatomy. In T.H. Bullock and G.A. Horridge (eds.), Structure and Function in the Nervous System of Invertebrates, Freeman W.H. and Company, San Francisco and London, p. 810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horridge, G.A. (1965b) Arthropoda: Receptors for light and optic lobe. In T.H. Bullock and G.A. Horridge (eds.), Structure and Function in the Nervous System of Invertebrates, Freeman W.H. and Company, San Francisco and London, p. 1063.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horst, M.N. (1989) Molecular and cellular aspects of chitin synthesis in larval Artemia. In A.H. Warner, T.H. MacRae, J.C. Bagshaw (eds.), Cell and Molecular Biology of Artemia Development, NATO ASI Series, Series A: Life Sciences, 174, Plenum Publishing Corporation, pp. 59–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joly, M. (1840) Histoire d’un petit crustacé (Artemia salina Leach), auquel on a faussement attribué la coloration en rouge des marais salans méditerrenéens, suivie de recherches sur la cause réelle de cette coloration. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Paris) Zoologie et Biologie Animale 13, 225–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane, E.X.C. (1975) Neuroanatomical clues to peripheral locomotor control in small crustaceans (Artemia salina). American Journal of Anatomy 142, 485–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, S. (1972) The fine structure of the alimentary canal of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina: the midgut. Annual Report of Iwate Medical University, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences 7, 15–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuenen. J.D. (1939) Systematical and physiological notes on the brine shrimp, Artemia. Archives Néerlandaises de Zoologie 3, 365–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langdon, C.M., Freeman, J.A. and MacRae, T.H. (1991) Post-translationally modified tubulins in Artemia: prelarval development in the absence of detyrosinated tubulin. Developmental Biology 148, 147–155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leydig, F. (1851) Über Artemia salina und Branchipus stagnalis. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 3, 280–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lochhead, J.H. (1950) Artemia. In F.A. Brown (ed.), Selected Invertebrate Types, Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 394–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lochhead, J.H. and Lochhead, M.S. (1941) Studies on the blood and related tissues in Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca). Journal of Morphology 68, 593–632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lochhead, J.H. and Resner, R. (1958) Functions of the eye and neurosecretion in Crustacea Anostraca. 15th International Congress on Zoology, London, pp. 397–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacRae, T.H. (1997) Tubulin post-translational modifications. Enzymes and their mechanisms of action. European Journal of Biochemistry 244, 265–278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacRae, T.H. and Freeman, J.A. (1995) Organization of the cytoskeleton in brine shrimp setal cells is molt-dependent. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73. 765–774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacRae, T.H., Langdon, C.M. and Freeman, J.A. (1991) Spatial distribution of posttranslationally modified tubulins in polarized cells of developing Artemia. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 18, 189–203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G.G., Lin, H.M.J. and Luc, C. (1999) Reexamination of hemocytes in brine shrimp (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). Journal of Morphology 242, 283–294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metalli, P. and Ballardin, E. (1970) Radiobiology of Artemia: radiation effects and ploidy. Current Topics in Radiation Research Quarterly 7, 181–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moroff, T. (1912) Entwicklung und phylogenetische Bedeutung des Medianauges bei Crustaceen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 40, 11–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mura, G. and Del Caldo, L. (1992) Scanning electron microscopic observations on the molar surface of mandibles in species of Artemia (Anostraca). Crustaceana 62, 193–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nässel, D.R., Elofsson, R. and Odselius, R. (1978) Neuronal connectivity patterns in the compound eyes of Artemia salina and Daphnia magna. Cell and Tissue Research 190, 435–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, D.E. and Odselius, R. (1981) A new mechanism for light-dark adaptation in the Artemia compound eye (Anostraca, Crustacea). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 143, 389–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowikoff, M. (1905) Über die Augen und die Frontalorgane der Branchiopoden. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 79, 432–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowikoff, M. (1906) Einige Bemerkungen über das Medianauge und die Frontalorgane von Artemia satina. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 81, 691–698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okland, S., Tjünnenland, A., Larsen, L.N. and Nylund, A. (1982) Heart ultrastructure in Branchinecta paludosa, Artemia satina, Branchipus schaefferi, and Streptocephalus sp. (Crustacea, Anostraca). Zoomorphology 101, 71–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, S. (1971) Die Feinstruktur des Mittelauges und des ventralen Frontalorgans von Artemia satina L. (Crustacea: Anostraca). Zeitschrift für Zellforschung 117, 576–597.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, M.R. (1963) The filter-feeding of Artemia, III. Faecal pellets and their associated membranes. Journal of Experimental Biology 40, 215–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrehardt, A. (1987) Ultrastructural investigations of the filter-feeding apparatus and the alimentary canal of Artemia. In P. Sorgeloos, D.A. Bengtson, W. Decleir and E. Jaspers (eds.) Artemia Research and its Applications, Vol. 1, Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 33–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, W.K. (1902) Zur Morphologie des Centralnervensystems des Phyllopoden, nebst Bemerkungen über deren Frontalorgane. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 71, 508–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steopoe, J. and Dornesco, G.T. (1945) La cytologie et les propriétés des éléments sanguins des phyllopodes anostracés. Bulletin de la Section Scientifique de l’ Académie Roumaine 28, 220–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. (1966) Gross morphology and fine structure of the maxillary gland of the brine shrimp, Artemia satina. American Zoologist 6, 555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. (1968) The fine structure of the maxillary gland of the brine shrimp, Artemia satina: the end-sac. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 86, 129–138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. (1969a) Intercoil connections of the kidney of the brine shrimp, Artemia satina. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 100, 54–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. (1969b) The fine structure of the maxillary gland of the brine shrimp, Artemia satina: the efferent duct. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 93, 151–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. (1980) Fine structure of the type 2 antennular sensillum of the brine shrimp. American Zoologist 20, 816.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. and Sullivan, M.L. (1978) Scanning electron microscopy of the antennular sensilla of the brine shrimp. American Zoologist 18, 632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. and Sullivan, M.L. (1979a) Antennular sensilla of the brine shrimp, Artemia satina. Biological Bulletin 156, 382–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. and Sullivan, M.L. (1979b) Frontal knobs of the male brine shrimp: scanning electron microscopy. American Zoologist 19, 891.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. and Sullivan, M.L. (1980a) Scanning electron microscopy of cuticular sensilla of Anemia: setae of the adult trunk segments. In G. Persoone, P. Sorgeloos, O. Rods, and E. Jaspers (eds.), The Brine Shrimp Anemia, Vol. 1, Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 99–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. and Sullivan, M.L. (1980b) Scanning electron microscopy of the frontal knob of the male brine shrimp. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 99, 167–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. and Sullivan, M.L. (198la) A scanning electron microscopic study of the molar surfaces of the mandibles of the brine shrimp (CI.Branchiopoda: O.Anostraca). Journal of Morphology 170, 239–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyson, G.E. and Sullivan, M.L. (1981 b) Scanning electron microscopy of the molar surfaces of the mandibles of the brine shrimp. American Zoologist 21, 957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaissière, R. (1956) Evolution de l’oeil d’ Artemia satina Leach (Crustacé, Branchiopode, Phyllopode) au cours de ses stades post-embryonnaires. Comptes Rendus de t’ Academie des Science 242, 2051–2054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaissière, R. (1961) Morphologie et histologie comparées des Crustacés Copépodes. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Génerale 100, 1–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Beek, E. (1988) Endocrinogical aspects of vitellogenesis in the brine shrimp Artemia sp. (Crustacea: Anostraca), Ph.D. Thesis, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Beek, E., Van Brussel, M., Criel, G. and De Loof, A. (1987) A possible extra-ovarian site for synthesis of lipovitellin during vitcllogenesis in Artemia sp. (Crustacea; Anostraca). International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 12, 227–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Bosch de Aguilar, P. (1976) Neurosécrétion et régulation hydroélectrolytique chez Artemia Salina. Experientia 32, 228–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Bosch de Aguilar, P. (1979) Neurosecretion in the entomostraca crustaceans. La Cellule 73, 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vehstedt, R. (1940) Über Bau, Tiltigkeit und Entwicklung des Rückengefässes und des lacunären System von Artemia sauna var. arieta. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 154, 1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walgraeve, H.R., Criel, G.R., Sorgeloos, P. and De Leenheer, A.P. (1988) Determination of ecdysteroids during the moult cycle of adult Artemia. Journal of Insect Physiology 34, 597–602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walling, M.A., Criel, G.R.J. and MacRae, T.H. (1998) Characterization of y-tubulin in Artemia: isoform composition and spatial distribution in polarized cells of the larval epidermis. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 40, 331–341.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, H.S. (1930) The central nervous system of the adult Artemia. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 49, 189–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, H.S. (1938) The segmental excretory glands of Artemia salina, Lin., var. Principalis Simon, the brine shrimp. Journal of Morphology 62, 263–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wingstrand, K.G. (1978) Comparative spermatology of the Crustacea Entomostraca 1. Subclass Branchiopoda. Biologiske Skrifter 22, 1–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, A.F. (1971) A histological and histochemical study of the male reproductive system of Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). Journal of Morphology 135, 51–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, A.F. (1980) A light and electron microscopic study of the frontal knob of Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). In G. Persoone, P. Sorgeloos, O. Roels, and E. Jaspers (eds.), The Brine Shrimp Artemia, Vol.l, Universa Press, Wetteren Belgium, pp. 117–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiang, H. and MacRae, T.H. (1995) Production and utilization of detyrosinated tubulin in developing Artemia larvae: evidence for a tubulin-reactive carboxypeptidase. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 73, 673–685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology University of Ghent, Godshuizenlaan 4, B-9000, Gent, Belgium

    Godelieve R. J. Criel

  2. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada

    Thomas H. Macrae

Authors
  1. Godelieve R. J. Criel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thomas H. Macrae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

    Th. J. Abatzopoulos

  2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, UK

    J. A. Beardmore

  3. Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, USA

    J. S. Clegg

  4. Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

    P. Sorgeloos

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Criel, G.R.J., Macrae, T.H. (2002). Artemia Morphology and Structure. In: Abatzopoulos, T.J., Beardmore, J.A., Clegg, J.S., Sorgeloos, P. (eds) Artemia: Basic and Applied Biology. Biology of Aquatic Organisms, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0791-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0791-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6073-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0791-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation