Abstract
Numerous interactions come into play when a carotenoid (Car) and a chlorophyll (Chl) become juxtaposed during the assembly of various pigment-bearing proteins which carry out photosynthesis, and it is widely held that these interactions are crucial to the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus (1). The manifold roles of photosynthetic Car’s include light-harvesting (Car-to-Chl transfer of singlet excitation energy), photoprotection (which entails quenching of triplet Chl and of singlet oxygen), and involvement in the assembly of LHCII (the Chla/b light-harvesting complex associated with photosystem II of green plants). Recently, the three xanthophylls in LHCH—lutein (Lut), neoxanthin (Neo), and violaxanthin (Vio)—were credited with yet another function (2,3), the quenching of Chla*, where the asterisk signifies occupation of S1, the lowest electronically excited state of singlet spin multiplicity. The Car-induced quenching, since it lowers the fluorescence yield as well as the triplet formation yield, has been called catalysed internal conversion (CIC). Without touching upon the mechanism which brings CIC into operation, it was proposed that (i) as monomers form trimers, and these in turn aggregate, quenching of the first excited singlet state of Chla by the Xan’s bound to LHCII becomes increasingly important, and (ii) quenching of this type, effected through the modulation of the state of aggregation of the complexes in thylakoid membranes, serves to regulate the dissipation of the excitation energy in chloroplasts, thereby protecting plants against excessive irradiation.
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Naqvi, K.R. (1998). Carotenoid-Induced Electronic Relaxation of the First Excited State of Antenna Chlorophylls. In: Garab, G. (eds) Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3_62
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3_62
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