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Interstratified Clay Minerals and Weathering Processes

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The Chemistry of Weathering

Part of the book series: Nato ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 149))

Abstract

Although interstratified clay minerals have been intensively studied, their actual physical character remains uncertain and, from a thermodynamic point of view, it is still not clear whether they should he treated as single phases or as polyphase aggregates. In this paper the major types of interstratified clay minerals are reviewed with particular emphasis on those that are characteristic of a weathering environment. It is concluded that these minerals form mainly by means of transformation reactions involving relatively large crystals of mica or chlorite. On the other hand, those interstratified clay minerals that are generally associated with diagenesis which include regularly interstratified, partially ordered and randomly interstratified illite-smectite-consist of extremely fine particles that are typically some tens of Angstroms in thickness. For these clays it might be considered that interstratification is more apparent than real as it can be accounted for by an interparticle diffraction effect, whereby the interfaces between thin particles adsorb ethylene glycol and are, therefore, perceived by XRD as a smectite component. This concept is supported by experimental evidence using both X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It is concluded that regularly or partially ordered interstratified clays can be regarded as single phase for thermodynamic purposes but that randomly interstratified clays must be generally treated as mixtures of two or more phases.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mineral Soils, the Macauly Insitute for Soil Research, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB9 2QJ, Scotland, UK

    M. J. Wilson & P. H. Nadeau

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  1. M. J. Wilson
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  2. P. H. Nadeau
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology and Geophysics, The University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA

    James Irving Drever

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© 1985 The Macaulay Institute for Soil Research

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Wilson, M.J., Nadeau, P.H. (1985). Interstratified Clay Minerals and Weathering Processes. In: Drever, J.I. (eds) The Chemistry of Weathering. Nato ASI Series, vol 149. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5333-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5333-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8855-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5333-8

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