Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Micropropagation of tropical and subtropical fruits

  • Chapter
Micropropagation

Abstract

Production of tropical and subtropical fruits has been increasing significantly faster than temperate fruits in recent years (FAO Production Yearbook, 1987). Although efficient vegetative propagation methods, i.e. grafting, air layering and removal of suckers, already exist for many of the most important tropical and subtropical fruit crops, the rapid expansion of plantings has nonetheless been impeded by serious shortages of clonal material, particularly of newly released, superior cultivars, e.g. ‘Arkin’ carambola (Averrhoa carambola). Among the underexploited tropical and subtropical fruits, whose production is often very important regionally, conventional vegetative propagation can be either quite inefficient, e.g. mamey sapote (Calocarpum sapota) and longan (Euphoria longan), or virtually impossible based upon several hundred years of experience, e.g. mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Therefore, many interesting tropical and subtropical fruits have not been exploited for lack of suitable clonal planting material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amin, MN (1987) In vitro clonal propagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.). Ph.D. Dissertation, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amin MN, Jaiswal VS (1987) Rapid clonal propagation of guava through in vitro shoot proliferation on nodal expiants of mature trees, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 9: 235–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arrias O, Huete F (1983) Propagación vegetativa in vitro de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.), Tuirialba 33: 103–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakry F, Rossignol L (1985) Analyse des capacités de callogenèse et d’organogenèse obtenues à partir de différents tissus de bananiers (Musa sp., Musacées), Fruits 40: 697–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee N, De Langhe E (1985) A tissue culture technique for rapid clonal propagation and storage under minimal growth conditions of Musa (banana and plantain), Plant Cell Rpt 4: 351–354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee N, Vuylsteke D, De Langhe E (1986) Meristem tip culture of Musa: histomorphological studies of shoot bud proliferation. In: Withers LA, Alderson PG (Eds) Plant Tissue Culture and Its Agricultural Applications (pp 139–147) Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri C, Morini S (1987) Plant regeneration from Actinidia callus cultures, J Hort Sci 62: 107–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bargchi M (1987) In vitro regeneration and physiological conditioning of maturity-rejuvenility in tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea Sendt.-Solanaceae), Intl Cong Plant Tiss Cult Tropic Species, Bogotá:pp 19–20 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlass M, Skene KGM (1982) In vitro plantlet formation from Citrus species and hybrids, Scientia Hort 17: 333–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barlass M, Skene KGM (1986) Citrus (Citrus species). In: Bajaj YPS (Ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 1. Trees I (pp 207–219) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhojwani SS, Mullins K, Cohen D (1987) Micropropagation of Feijoa sellowiana Berg, Acta Hort 212: 69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitters WP, Murashige T, Rangan TS, Nauer E (1970) Investigations on established virus-free plants through tissue culture, Calif Citrus Nursery Soc 9: 27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower JP (1982) Tissue culture of bananas, Intl Banana Nutr Newslett Bull Intl Nutr Banana. UPEB 5: 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branton RL, Blake J (1983) Development of organized structures in callus derived from expiants of Cocos nucifera L., Ann Bot 52: 673–678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Button J, Bornman CH (1971) Development of nucellar plants from unpollinated and unfertilized ovules of the Washington navel orange in vitro, J South Afr Bot 37: 127–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Button J, Kochba J (1977) Tissue culture in the citrus industry. In: Reinert J and Bajaj YPS (Eds) Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (pp 70–92) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Button J, Kochba J, Bornman CH (1974) Fine structure of and embryoid development from embryogenic ovular callus of ‘Shamouti’ orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.), J Exp Bot 25: 446–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carron MP, Enjalric F (1985) Somatic embryogenesis from inner integument of the seed of Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth., Mull. Arg.), Comp Rend Acad Sci Paris Ser III 300: 653–658.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen D, Cooper PA (1982) Micropropagation of babaco — a Carica hybrid from Ecuador. In: Fujiwara A (Ed) Plant Tissue Culture 1982 (pp 743–744) Japan Assoc Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cossio F (1988) Il Babaco. Edagricole, Bologna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronauer SS, Krikorian AD (1985) Aseptic multiplication of banana from excised floral apices, HortScience 20: 770–771.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cronauer SS, Krikorian AD (1986) Banana (Musa spp.). In: Bajaj YPS (Ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 1. Trees I (pp 233–252) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronauer-Mitra SS, Krikorian AD (1988) Determinate floral buds of plantain (Musa AAB) as a site of adventitious shoot formation, Ann Bot 61: 507–512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debergh P, De Wael JP (1977). Mass propagation of Ficus lyrata, Acta Hort 78: 361–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai HV, Bhatt PN, Mehta AR (1986) Plant regeneration of Sapindus trifoliatus L. (soapnut) through somatic embryogenesis, Plant Cell Rpt 3: 190–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeWald MG, Moore GA, Sherman WB, Evans MH (1988) Production of pineapple plants in vitro, Plant Cell Rpt 7: 535–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeWald SG, Litz RE, Moore GA (1989a) Optimizing somatic embryo production in mango, J Amer Soc Hort Sci 114: 712–716.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeWald SG, Litz RE, Moore GA (1989b) Maturation and germination of mango somatic embryos, J Amer Soc Hort Sci 114: 837–841.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Winnaar W (1988) Clonal propagation of papaya in vitro, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 12: 305–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drew R (1988) Rapid clonal propagation of papaya in vitro from mature field-grown trees, HortScience 23: 609–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann F, Duval Y, Pannetier C (1988) Utilisation des techniques de cryoconservation pour la création de banques d’embryons somatiques de palmiers à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), Oléagineux 43: 323–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN) (1987) FAO Production Yearbook. FAO, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells, Exp Cell Res 50: 151–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goh HKL, Rao AN, Loh CS (1988) In vitro plantlet formation in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), Ann Bot 62: 87–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanower J, Pannetier C (1982) In vitro vegetative propagation of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. In: Fujiwara A (Ed) Plant Tissue Culture 1982 (pp 149–151) Japan Assoc Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrix RC, Litz RE, Kirchoff BG (1987) In vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of Solanum candidum Lindl., S. quitoense Lam. (naranjilla) and S. sessiliflorum Dunal., Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 11: 67–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang SC (1986) Variation in banana plants propagated through tissue culture, J Chin Soc Hort Sci 32: 117–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang SC, Chen CL, Lin JC, Lin HL (1984) Cultivation of banana using plantlets from meristem culture, HortScience 19: 231–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang SC, Ko WH (1987) Somaclonal variation of bananas and screening for resistance to Fusarium wilt. In: Persley GJ, De Langhe EA (Eds) Banana and Plantain Breeding Strategies (pp 151–156) ACIAR, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iglesias L, Lima H, Simon JP (1974) Isoenzyme identification of zygotic and nucellar seedlings in Citrus, J Hered 65: 81–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • INIBAP (1987) International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, Montpellier. Jaiswal VS, Amin MN (1987) In vitro propagation of guava from shoot cultures of mature trees, J Plant Physiol 130: 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaiswal VS, Narayan P (1985) Regeneration of plantlets from callus of stem segments of adult plants of Ficus religiosa L., Plant Cell Rpt 4: 256–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan M (1988) Multiple shoot formation and rhizogenesis from cherimola (Annona cherimola L.) hypocotyls and petiole expiants, Gartenbauwissenschaft 53: 234–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur A, Ha CO, Jong K, Sands VE, Chan HT, Soepadmo E, Ashton PS (1980) Apomixis may be widespread among trees of the climax rainforest, Nature 271: 440–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi S, Ikeda I, Nakatani N (1982) Studies on nucellar embryogenesis in citrus. III. On the differences in ability to form embryoids in in vitro culture of ovules from poly- and mono-embryonic cultivars (in Japanese), Bull Fruit Tree Res Sta E 4: 21–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochba J, Button J, Spiegel-Roy P, Bornman CH, Kochba M (1974) Stimulation of rooting of Citrus embryoids by gibberellic acid and adenine sulfate, Ann Bot 38: 415–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P (1977) The effects of auxins, cytokinins and inhibitors on embryogenesis in habituated ovular callus of the ‘Shamouti’ orange (Citrus sinensis), Z Pflanzenphysiol 81: 283–288.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P, Safran H (1972) Adventive plants from ovules and nucelli in citrus, Planta 106: 237–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmi Sita G (1986) Sandalwood (Santalum album L.). In: Bajaj YPS (Ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 1. Trees I (pp 363–374) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmi Sita G, Chattopadhyay S, Tejavathi DH (1986) Plant regeneration from shoot callus of rosewood (Dalbergia latifola Roxb.), Plant Cell Rpt 5: 266–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE (1984a) In vitro somatic embryogenesis from jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora D.C. Berg.) callus, HortScience 19: 62–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE (1984b) In vitro somatic embryogenesis from nucellar callus of monoembryonic Mangifera indica L., HortScience 19: 715–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE (1984c) Papaya. In: Sharp WR, Evans DA, Ammirato PV, Yamada Y (Eds) Handbook of Plant Cell Culture. Vol. II, Crop Species (pp 349–368) Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE (1985) Somatic embryogenesis in tropical fruit trees. In: Henke RR, Hughes KW, Constantin MP, Hollaender A (Eds) Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture (pp 179–193) Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE (1988) In vitro somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from callus of the tropical tree Euphoria longan Stend., J Plant Physiol 132: 190–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Conover RA (1978). In vitro propagation of papaya, HortScience 13: 659–660.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Conover, RA (1980a) Somatic embryogenesis in cell suspensions of Carica stipulata, HortScience 15: 733–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Conover RA (1980b) Partial organogenesis in tissue culture of Averrhoa carambola, HortScience 15: 735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Conover RA (1981) Effect of sex type, season and other factors on in vitro establishment and culture of Carica papaya L. explants, J Amer Soc Hort Sci 106: 792–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Conover RA (1983) High frequency somatic embryogenesis from Carica suspension cultures, Ann Bot 51: 683–686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Griffis JL Jr (1988) Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.). In: Bajaj YPS (Ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 5. Trees II (pp 59–67) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Jarret RL, Asokan MP (1986) Tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables. In: Zimmerman RH, Griesbach RJ, Hammerschlag FA, Lawson RH (Eds) Tissue Culture as a Plant Production System for Horticultural Crops (pp 237–251) Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Knight RJ, Gazit S (1984) In vitro somatic embryogenesis from Mangifera indica L. callus, Scientia Hort 22: 233–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Litz RE, Moore GA, Srinivasan C (1985) Tissue culture for propagation and improvement of tropical fruits and palms, Hort Rev 7: 157–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd G, McCovvn BH (1980) Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot tip culture. Comb Proc Intl Plant Prop Soc 30: 421–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma S, Shii CT (1972) In vitro formation of adventitious buds in banana shoot apex following decapitation, Chung-Kuo Yuan I Hsueh Hui (China Hort) 18: 135–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mascarenhas AF, Gupta PK, Kulkarni VM, Mehta U, Iyer RS, Khuspe SS, Jagannathan V (1982) Propagation of trees by tissue culture. In: Rao AN (Ed) Tissue Culture of Economically Important Plants (pp 175–179) ANBS, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews VH, Rangan TS (1979) Multiple plantlets in lateral bud and leaf expiant in vitro cultures of pineapple, Scientia Hort 11: 319–328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews VH, Rangan TS (1981) Growth and regeneration in callus cultures of pineapple, Scientia Hort 14: 227–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mhatre M, Bapat VA, Rao PS (1985) Regeneration of plants from the culture of leaves and axillary buds of mulberry (Morus indica L.), Plant Cell Rpt 4: 78–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monette PL (1986) Micropropagation of kiwifruit using non-axenic shoot tips, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 6: 73–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monette PL (1987) Organogenesis and plant regeneration following in vitro cold storage of kiwifruit shoot tip cultures, Scientia Hort 31: 101–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiol Plant 15: 473–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Tucker DPH (1969) Growth factor requirements of citrus tissue culture. In: Chapman HD (Ed) Proc 1st Intl Citrus Symp, Vol 3 (pp 1155–1161) Univ California, Riverside.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muriithi LM, Rangan TS, Waite BH (1982) In vitro propagation of fig through shoot tip culture, HortScience 17: 86–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nair S, Gupta PK, Shirgurkar MV, Mascarenhas AF (1984) In vitro organogenesis from leaf expiants of Annona squamosa Linn., Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 3: 29–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro L (1981) Citrus shoot tip grafting in vitro (STG) and its applications: a review, Proc Intl Soc Citriculture: 452–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navarro L, Ortiz JM, Juarez J (1985) Aberrant citrus plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis of nucelli cultured in vitro, HortScience 20: 214–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak FJ, Afza R, Van Duren M, Perea-Dallos M, Conger BV, Xiaolang T (1988) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in suspension culture of dessert (AA and AAA) and cooking (ABB) bananas (Musa spp.), Biotechnology 7: 154–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oglesby RP, Griffis JL Jr (1986) Commercial in vitro propagation and plantation crops. In: Zimmerman RH, Griesbach RJ, Hammerschlag FA, Lawson RH (Eds) Tissue Culture as a Plant Production System for Horticultural Crops (pp 251–255) Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omura M, Matsuta N, Moriguchi T, Kozaki I (1987) Adventitious shoot and plantlet formation from cultured pomegranate leaf explants, HortScience 22: 133–134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pence VC, Hasegawa PM, Janick J (1979) Asexual embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L., J Amer Soc Hort Sci 104: 145–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pliego-Alfaro F, Encina CL, Barcelo-Muñoz A (1987) Propagation of avocado rootstocks by tissue culture, S Afr Growers Yrbk 10: 36–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pliego-Alfaro F, Murashige T (1988) Somatic embryogenesis in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in vitro, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 12: 61–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman MA, Blake J (1988) Factors affecting in vitro proliferation and rooting of shoots of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 13: 179–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raj Bhansali R, Arya HC (1978) Tissue culture propagation of citrus trees, Proc Intl Soc Citriculture: 135–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajeevan MS, Pandey RM (1986) Lateral bud culture of papaya (Carica papaya L.) for clonal propagation, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 6: 181–188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rangan TS, Murashige T, Bitters WP (1968) In vitro initiation of nucellar embryos in monoembryonic Citrus, HortScience 3: 226–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rangaswamy NS (1961) Experimental studies on female reproductive structures of Citrus microcarpa Bunge, Phytomorphology 11: 109–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds JF, Murashige T (1979) Asexual embryogenesis in callus cultures of palms, In Vitro 15: 383–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robles MJM (1978) Multiplication végétative, in vitro, des bourgeons axillaires de Passiflora eclulis var. flavicarpa Degener et de P. mollissima Bailey, Fruits 33: 693–699.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scorza R, Janick J (1976) Tissue culture in Passiflora, Proc Tropic Region, Amer Soc Hort Sci 20: 179–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp WR, Sondahl MR, Caldas LS, Maraffa SB (1980) The physiology of in vitro asexual embryogenesis, Hort Rev 2: 268–310.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skene KGM, Barlass M (1983) In vitro culture of abscissed immature avocado embryos, Ann Bot 52: 667–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sondahl MR, Sharp WR (1977) High frequency induction of somatic embryos in cultured leaf expiants of Coffea arabica L., Z Pflanzenphysiol 81: 395–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Standardi A (1983) La “micropropagazione” nella moltiplicazione dell’actinidia, Frutticoltura 45(2): 17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stover RH, Buddenhagen IW (1986) Banana breeding: polyploidy, disease resistance and productivity, Fruits 41: 175–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao R, Murayama H, Moriguchi K, Sugiura A (1988) Plant regeneration from callus cultures derived from primordal leaves of adult Japanese persimmon, HortScience 23: 1055–1056.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuylsteke D, Swennen R, Wilson GF, De Langhe E (1988) Phenotypic variation among in vitro propagated plantain (Musa sp. cultivar ‘AAB’), Scientia Hort 36: 79–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakasa K (1979) Variation in the plants differentiated from tissue culture of pineapple, Japan J Breed 29: 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakasa K, Yoshiaki K, Masaaki K (1978) Differentiation from in vitro cultures of Ananas comosus, Japan J Breed 28: 113–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang YC, Janick J (1984) Inducing precocious germination in asexual embryos of cacao, HortScience 19: 839–841.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers LA (1987) Long-term preservation of plant cells, tissues and organs, Oxford Survey Plant Mol Cell Biol 4: 221–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yie S, Liaw SI (1977) Plant regeneration from shoot tips and callus of papaya, In Vitro 13: 564–567.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. R. E. Litz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. S. Jaiswal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, State University of Gent, Belgium

    P. C. Debergh

  2. United State Department of Agriculture (ARS), Beltsville, Maryland, USA

    R. H. Zimmerman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Litz, R.E., Jaiswal, V.S. (1991). Micropropagation of tropical and subtropical fruits. In: Debergh, P.C., Zimmerman, R.H. (eds) Micropropagation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2075-0_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2075-0_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-0819-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2075-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation