Abstract
Studies of the defense systems of trees have focused mostly on xylem tissues because of their direct economic importance to the forest industry. Because bark tissues shield the xylem from the environment, containment of mechanical injuries and infectious microorganisms by bark tissues is of primary importance. The integrity of normal periderm and the ability of plants to form new periderms at wounds or injuries are essential characteristics for normal plant growth and development. However, in comparison with xylem tissues, responses of periderm and other bark tissues to injury and infection are inadequately defined.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akai S 1959 Histology of defense in plants. In: Horsfall J, Dimond A (eds) Plant pathology, vol II. Academic Press, New York, 391–434
Artschwager E 1927 Wound-periderm formation in the potato as affected by temperature and humidity. J Agr Res 35: 995–1000
Artschwager E, Starrett RG 1931 Suberization and wound periderm formation in sweet potatoes and gladiolus as affected by temperature and relative humidity. J Agr Res 43: 353364
Barckhausen R 1978 Ultrastructural changes in wounded plant storage tissue cells. In: Kahl G (ed) Biochemistry of wounded plant tissues. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin New York, 1–42
Barker WG 1954 A contribution to the concept of wound repair in woody stems. Can J Bot 32: 486–490
Biggs AR 1984a Intracellular suberin: occurrence and detection in tree bark. IAWA Bull 5: 243–248
Biggs AR 1984b Boundary zone formation in peach bark in response to wounds and Cytospora leucostoma infection. Can J Bot 62: 2814–2821
Biggs AR 1985a Detection of impervious tissue in tree bark with selective histochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Stain Technol 60: 299–304
Biggs AR 1985b Suberized boundary zones and the chronology of wound response in tree bark. Phytopathology 75: 1191–1195
Biggs AR 1986a Comparative anatomy and host response of two peach cultivars inoculated with Leucostoma cincta and L. persoonii. Phytopathology 76: 905–912
Biggs AR 1986b Wound age and infection of peach bark by Cytospora leucostoma. Can J Bot 64: 2319–2321
Biggs AR 1986c Phellogen regeneration in injured peach tree bark. Ann Bot 57: 463–470
Biggs AR 1987 Occurrence and location of suberin in wound reaction zones in xylem of seventeen tree species. Phytopathology 77: 718–725
Biggs AR 1989 Temporal changes in the infection court following wounding of peach bark are associated with cultivar variation in infection by Leucostoma persoonii. Phytopathology 79: 627–630
Biggs AR, Britton KO 1988 Presymptom histopathology of peach trees inoculated with
Botryosphaeria obtusa and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Phytopathology 78:1109–1118
Biggs AR, Cline RA 1986 Influence of irrigation on wound response in peach bark. Can J Plant Pathol 8: 405–410
Biggs AR, Davis DD, Merrill W 1983a Histology of cankers on Populus caused by Cytospora chrysosperma. Can J Bot 61: 563–574
Biggs AR, Davis DD, Merrill W 1983b Stage of growth and restriction of wound-associated infections in Populus. Can J Plant Pathol 5: 269–272
Biggs AR, Merrill W, Davis DD 1984 Discussion: response of bark tissues to injury and infection. Can J For Res 14: 351–356
Biggs AR, Miles NW 1985 Suberin deposition as a measure of wound response in peach bark. HortScience 20: 902–905
Biggs AR, Miles NW 1988 Association of suberin formation in noninoculated wounds with susceptibility to Leucostoma cincta and L. persoonii in various peach cultivars. Phytopathology 78: 1070–1074
Biggs AR, Northover J 1985 Formation of the primary protective layer and phellogen following leaf abscission in peach. Can J Bot 63: 1547–1550
Biggs AR, Peterson CA 1990 Effects of chemicals applied to peach bark wounds on accumulation of lignin and suberin and susceptibility to Leucostoma persoonii. Phytopathology 80: 861–865
Biggs AR, Stobbs LW 1986 Fine structure of the suberized cells walls in the boundary zone and necrophylactic periderm in wounded peach bark. Can J Bot 64: 1606–1610
Blanchette RA, Sharon EM 1975 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a promoter of wound healing in Betula alleghaniensis. Can J For Res 5: 722–729
Bloch R 1941 Wound healing in higher plants. Bot Rev 7: 110–146
Bloch R 1952 Wound healing in higher plants. II. Bot Rev 28: 655–679
Bloch R 1953 Defense reactions in plants to the presence of toxins. Phytopathology 43: 351–354
Bloomberg WJ, Farris SH 1962 Cytospora canker of poplars: bark wounding in relation to canker development. Can J Bot 41: 303–310
Boller T 1987 Hydrolytic enzymes in plant disease resistance. In: Plant-microbe interactions. In: Kosuge T, Nestor EW (eds) MacMillan, New York, 385–413
Borger GA 1973 Development and shedding of bark. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Shedding of plant parts. Academic Press, New York London, 205–236
Borger GA, Kozlowski TT 1972a Early periderm ontogeny in Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Pinus resinosa seedlings. Can J For Res 2: 135–143
Borger GA, Kozlowski TT 1972b Effect of growth regulators and herbicides on normal and wound periderm ontogeny in Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings. Weed Res 12: 190–194
Borger GA, Kozlowski TT 1972c Effects of cotyledons, leaves and stem apex on early periderm development in Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings. New Phytol 71: 691–702
Borger GA, Kozlowski TT 1972d Wound periderm ontogeny in Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings. New Phytol 71: 709–712
Bostock RM, Middleton GE 1987 Relationship of wound periderm formation in resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata in almond bark. Phytopathology 77: 1174–1180
Bostock RM, Stermer BA 1989 Perpsectives on wound healing in resistance to pathogens. Annu Rev Phytopathol 27: 343–371
Bramble WC 1934 Reaction of chestnut bark to invasion by Endothia parasitica. Am J Bot 23: 89–95
Büsgen M, Münch E 1929 The structure and life of forest trees. John Wiley, New York, 436 pp Butin H 1955 Über den Einfluß des Wassergehaltes der Pappel auf ihre Resistenz gegenüber Cytospora chrysosperma ( Pers.)Fr. Phytopathol Z 24: 245–264
Cline MN, Neely D 1983 Wound-healing processes in geranium cuttings in relationship to basal stem not caused by Phythium ultimum. Plant Dis 67: 636–638
Craft CC, Audia V 1962 Phenolic substances associated with wound barrier formation in vegetables. Bot Gaz 123: 211–219
Crowdy SH 1949 Observations on apple canker. II. The anatomy of the stem canker. Ann Appl Biol 36: 483–495
Darvill AG, Albersheim P 1984 Phytoalexins and their elicitors — a defense against microbial infection in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 35: 243–275
Davies E, Schuster A 1981 Intercellular communication in plants: evidence for a rapidly generated, bidirectionally transmitted wound signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 2422–2426
de Bary A 1884 Comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of the phanerogams and ferns. Oxford Univ Press ( Clarendon ), London New York
Doster MA, Bostock RM 1988a Quantification of lignin formation in almond bark in response to wounding and infection by Phytophthora species. Phytopathology 78: 473–477
Doster MA, Bostock RM 1988b Effects of low temperature on resistance of almond trees to Phytophthora pruning wound cankers in relation to lignin and suberin formation in wounded bark tissue. Phytopathology 78: 478–483
Eames AJ, MacDaniels LH 1947 Introduction to plant anatomy, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, 427 pp
Esau K 1965 Plant anatomy, 2nd edn. John Wiley, New York, 767 pp
Fahn A 1967 Plant anatomy. Pergamon, New York Oxford, 454 pp
Gallagher PW, Sydnor TD 1983 Variation in wound response among cultivars of red maple. J Am Soc Hortict Sci 108: 744–746
Grozditz GA, Godkin SE, Keith CT 1982 The periderm of three North American conifers, pt 1: anatomy. Wood Sci Technol 16: 305–316
Halverson LJ, Stacey G 1986 Signal exchange in plant-microbe interactions. Microbiol Rev 50: 193–225
Hartig R 1894 Diseases of trees. In: Ward HM (ed) Diseases of trees. McMillan, London New York, 225–269
Hudler GW, Neal BG, Banik MT 1990 Effects of growing conditions on wound repair and disease resistance in Pachysandra terminalis. Phytopathology 80: 272–277
Kaufert F 1936 Factors influencing the formation of periderm in aspen. Am J Bot 24: 24–30
Kolattukudy PE 1984 Biochemistry and function of cutin and suberin. Can J Bot 62: 2918–2933
Kolattukudy PE, Köller W 1983 Fungal penetration of the first line defensive barriers of plants. In: Callow JA (ed) Biochemical plant pathology. John Wiley, New York, 79–100
Kozlowski TT 1971 The growth and development of trees. Academic Press, New York London, 560 pp
Krähmer H 1980 Wound reactions of apple trees and their influence on infections with Nectria galligena. J Plant Dis Prot 87: 97–112
Lipetz J 1970 Wound-healing in higher plants. Int Rev Cytol 27: 1–28
Martin JM, Sydnor TD 1987 Differences in wound closure rates in 12 tree species. HortScience 22: 442–444
Mauch F, Mauch-Mani B, Boller T 1988 Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue. II. Inhibition of fungal growth by combinations of chitinase and ß-1,3 glucanase. Plant Physiol 88: 936–942
McClure TT 1960 Chlorogenic acid accumulation and wound healing in sweet potato roots. Am J Bot 47: 227–280
Morris LL, Mann LK 1955 Wound healing, keeping quality and compositional changes during curing and storage of sweet potatoes. Hilgardia 24: 143–183
Morris SC, Forbes-Smith MR, Scriven FM 1989 Determination of optimum conditions for suberization, wound periderm formation, cellular desiccation and pathogen resistance in wounded Solanum tuberosum tubers. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 35: 177–190
Mullick DB 1977 The non-specific nature of defense in bark and wood during wounding, insect and pathogen attack. Recent Adv Phytochem 11: 395–441
Ostry ME, Anderson NA 1983 Infection of trembling aspen by Hypoxylon mammatum through cicada oviposition wounds. Phytopathology 73: 1092–1096
Puritch GS, Mullick DB 1975 Effect of water stress on the rate of nonsuberized impervious tissue formation following wounding in Abies grandis. J Exp Bot 26: 903–910
Riffle JW, Peterson GW 1986 Thyronectria canker of honeylocust: influence of temperature and wound age on disease development. Phytopathology 76: 313–316
Rittinger PA, Biggs AR, Peirson DR 1987 Histochemistry of lignin and suberin deposition in boundary layers formed after wounding in various plant species and organs. Can J Bot 65: 1886–1982
Russin JS, Shain L 1984 Initiation and development of cankers caused by virulent and cytoplasmic hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus. Can J Bot 62: 2660–2664
Schneider H 1955 Ontogeny of lemon wood bark. Am J Bot 42: 893–905
Schoeneweiss DF 1981 The role of environmental stress in diseases of woody plants. Plant Dis 65–308–314
Shigo AL 1986 A new tree biology. Shigo and Trees, Durham, NH, 595 pp
Soe K 1959 Anatomical studies of bark regeneration following scoring. J Arnold Arbor 40: 260–267
Soliday CL, Dean BB, Kolattukudy PE 1978 Suberization: inhibition by washing and
stimulation by abscisic acid in potato disks and tissue culture. Plant Physiol 61:170–174
Soo BVL 1977 General occurrence of exophylactic and necrophylactic periderms and nonsuberized impervious tissues in woody plants. PhD Thesis, Univ British Columbia, Can Srivastava LM 1964 Anatomy, chemistry, and physiology of bark. Int Rev For Res 1: 204–277
Strain BR, Johnson PL 1963 Corticular photosynthesis and growth in Populus tremuloides. Ecology 44: 581–584
Strider DL, McCombs CL 1958 Rate of wound phellem formation in the sweet potato. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 72: 435–442
Thomas P 1982 Wound-induced suberization and periderm development in potato tubers as affected by temperature and gamma irradiation. Potato Res 25: 155–164
Trockenbrodt M 1990 Survey and discussion of the terminology used in bark anatomy. IAWA Bull 11: 141–166
Vance CP, Kirk TK, Sherwood RT 1980 Lignification as a mechanism of disease resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol 18: 259–288
Van Sambeek JW, Pickard BG 1976 Mediation of rapid electrical, metabolic, transpirational, and photosyntheic changes by factors released from wounds. Can J Bot 54: 2642–2650
von Mohl H 1845 Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung des Korkes and der Borke auf der Rinde der baumartigen Dicotylen. Verm Schr Bot Inh: 212–228
Wargo PM 1975 Lysis of the cell wall of Armillaria mellea by enzymes from forest trees. Physiol Plant Pathol 5: 99–105
Wargo PM 1977 Wound closure in sugar maple: adverse effects of defoliation. Can J For Res 7: 410–414
Wensley RN 1966 Rate of healing and its relation to canker of peach. Can J Plant Sci 46: 257–264
Wigginton MJ 1974 Effects of temperature, oxygen tension and relative humidity on the wound-healing process in the potato tuber. Potato Res 17: 200–214
Yev-Ladun S, Aloni R 1990 Polar patterns of periderm ontogeny, their relationship to leaves and buds, and the control of cork formation. IAWA Bull 11: 289–300
Zimmerman DC, Coudron CA 1979 Identification of traumatin, a wound hormone, as 12-oxotrans-l0-dodecenoic acid. Plant Physiol 63: 536–541
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Biggs, A.R. (1992). Anatomical and Physiological Responses of Bark Tissues to Mechanical Injury. In: Blanchette, R.A., Biggs, A.R. (eds) Defense Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi. Springer Series in Wood Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01642-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01642-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-01644-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-01642-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive