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Poliovirus Biology and Pathogenesis

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Transgenic Models of Human Viral and Immunological Disease

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 206))

Abstract

Poliovirus is the causative agent of the acute central nervous system disease known as poliomyelitis. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, epidemics of poliomyelitis began to occur in the United States and in Europe, much to the surprise of the medical community, which had previously viewed the disease as a rarity, seen largely as sporadic cases in infants. Poliovirus was first isolated in 1908 by inoculation of monkeys with a cell-free extract made from the spinal cord of a fatal case of poliomyelitis (Landsteiner and Popper 1908). For the next 40 years, research on the virus provided the necessary information on antigenic types, pathogenesis and immunity required to formulate vaccines that could prevent infection. As a result of this work, two excellent vaccines were developed which have effectively controlled poliomyelitis in much of the world.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA

    V. R. Racaniello

  2. Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02254, USA

    R. Ren

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  1. Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Francis V. Chisari M.D. (Member, Head) (Member, Head)

  2. Division of Experimental Pathology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Francis V. Chisari M.D. (Member, Head) (Member, Head)

  3. Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone M.D. (Member, Head) (Member, Head)

  4. Division of Virology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone M.D. (Member, Head) (Member, Head)

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Racaniello, V.R., Ren, R. (1996). Poliovirus Biology and Pathogenesis. In: Chisari, F.V., Oldstone, M.B.A. (eds) Transgenic Models of Human Viral and Immunological Disease. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 206. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85208-4_15

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