Abstract
This article reviews the natural products chemistry of marine green algae (Chlorophyta), including investigations to December, 1986. The natural products chemistry is presented with an emphasis on chemical ecology, and in particular upon the natural biological functions of algal metabolites in the marine environment. The results of biological testing of the metabolites in laboratory assays designed to examine antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, larval toxicity, and ichthyotoxicity are summarized. Results of laboratory and field experiments designed to identify the deterrent effects of the metabolites toward herbivores are also reviewed. Recent studies, documenting chemical variation in the production of secondary metabolites within plants, among individual plants, and among populations of algae are discussed, with a focus on the ecological factors which may produce this phenomenon.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I. Scheuer PJ (ed.) (1978–1983) Marine natural products: chemical and biological perspectives, Vols 1–5, New York, Academic Press
Faulkner DJ (1984) Nat Prod Rep 1:251
Taylor WF (1960) Marine algae of the eastern tropical and subtropical coasts of the Americas, Ann Arbor, Univ. of Michigan Press
Hillis-Colinvaux L (1980) Adv Mar Biol 17: 1
Round FE (1971) Brit Phycol J 6: 235
Bold HC, Wynne MJ (1978) Introduction to the algae, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall
Littler ME (1976) Micronesica 12: 27
Borowitzka MA (1977) Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 15: 189
Ogden JC (1976) Aquat Bot 2: 103
Ogden JC, Lobel PS (1978) Env Biol Fish 3: 49
Lobel PS, Ogden JC (1981) Mar Biol 64: 173
Hay ME (1981) Aquat Bot 11: 97
Hay ME, Colburn T, Downing D (1983) Oecologia 58: 299
Littler MM, Taylor PR, Littler DS (1983) Coral Reefs 2: 111
Rhoades DF (1979) Evolution of plant chemical defense against herbivores, in: Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites (ed.) Rosenthal GA, Janzen DH, p 1, New York, Academic Press
Randall JE (1941) Ecology 42: 812
Randall JE (1965) Ecology 46: 255
Randall JE (1974) The effect of fishes on coral reefs, in: Proc 2nd Int Coral Reef Symp., p 159, Brisbane, Great Barrier Reef Committee
Earle SA (1972) The influence of herbivores on the marine plants of Great Lameshur Bay, with an annotated list of plants, in: Results of the Tektite program: ecology of coral reef fishes, (eds.) Collette BB, Earle SA Natl Hist Mus LA County Sci Bull 14: 17
Wanders JBC (1977) Aquat Bot 3: 357
Brook RE (1979) Mar Biol 5: 381
Lubchenco J, Gaines SD (1981) Ann Rev Ecol Syst 12: 405
Gaines SD, Lubchenco J (1982) Ann Rev Ecol Syst 13: 111
Hawkins SJ, Hartnoll RG (1983) Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 21: 195
Cimino G, De Rosa S, De Stefano S, Sodano G, Villani G (1983) Science 219: 1237
Sterner 0 (1985) The Russulaceae sesquiterpenes, Ph D Dissertation, Lund Institute of Technology, 123 pp
Blackman AJ, Wells RF (1976) Tetrahedron Lett 2729
Blackman AJ, Wells RF (1978) Tetrahedron Lett 3063
Armco V, Oriente G, Piattelli M, Tringali C, Fattorusso E, Magna S, Mayol L (1978) Tetrahedron Lett 3593
Paul VJ (1985) The natural products chemistry and chemical ecology of tropical green algae of the order Caulerpales, PhD Dissertation, U.C. San Diego, 217 pp
De Napoli L, Fattorusso E, Magno S, Mayol L (1981) Experientia 37: 1132
De Napoli L, Magno S, Mayol L, NoveUino E (1983) Experientia 39: 141
Paul VJ, Fenical W (1982) Tetrahedron Lett 23: 5017
Capon RJ, Ghisalberti EL, Jeffries PR (1981) Aust J Chem 34: 1775
Paul VJ, Littler MM, Littler DS, Fenical W (1987) J Chem Ecol 13: 1171
Paul VJ, Fenical W (1985) Phytochem 24: 2239
Capon RJ, Ghisalberti EL, Jeffries PR (1983) Phytochem 22: 1465
De Napoli L, Fattorusso E, Magno S, Mayol L (1980) Tetrahedron Lett 21: 2917
De Napoli L, Fattorusso E, Magno S, Mayol L (1982) Phytochem 21: 782
Maiti BC, Thomson RH, Mahendran M (1978) J Chem Res (5)126
Vest SE, Dawes CJ, Romeo JT (1983) Bot Mar 26: 313
Doty MS, Aguilar-Santos G (1966) Nature 211: 990
Mahendran M, Somasundaram S, Thomson RH (1979) Phytochem 18: 1885
Sun HH, Fenical W (1979) Tetrahedron Lett 658
Paul VJ,.Fenical W (1984) Tetrahedron 40: 2913
Wells RJ, Barrow KD (1979) Experientia 35: 1544
Nakatsu T, Ravi BN, Faulkner DJ (1981) J Org Chem 46: 2435
Whitesell JK, Fisher M, Da Silva Jardine P (1983) J Org Chem 48: 1557
Paul VJ, Sun HH, Fenical W (1982) Phytochem 21: 468
Fattorusso E, Magno S, Mayol L, Novellino E (1983) Experientia 39: 1275
Paul VJ, Fenical W (1983) Science 221: 747
Paul VJ (1985) Chemical adaptation in pantropical green algae of the genus Halimeda, in: Proc Fifth Inter Coral Reef Symp., Tahiti Vol 5: 39
Paul VJ, Fenical W (1984) Tetrahedron 40: 3053
Tillekeratne LMV, Schmitz FJ (1984) Phytochem 23: 1331
Paul VJ, Ciminello P, Fenical W (1987) in review
Paul VJ, Fenical W, Rafii S, Clardy J (1982) Tetrahedron Lett 23: 5017
Sun HH, Paul VJ, Fenical W (1983) Phytochem 22: 743
Hogberg H-E, Thomson RH, King T (1976) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans I, 1696
McConnell OJ, Hughes PA, Targett NM (1982) Phytochem 21: 2139
Menzel D, Kazlauskas R, Reichelt J (1983) Bot Mar 26: 23
Kuniyoshi M, Yamada K, Higa T (1985) Experientia 41: 523
Fusetani N, Ozawa C, Hashimoto Y (1976) Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish 42: 941
Feeny P (1975) Biochemical evolution between plants and their insect herbivores, in: Coevolution of animals and plants (eds.) Gilbert LE, Raven PH, Austin, Texas, Univ. of Texas Press
Fenical W, Paul VJ (1984) Hydrobiologia 116 /117: 135
Jacobs RS, White S, Wilson L (1981) Fed Proc Am Soc Exp Biol 40: 26
Cornman I (1950) J Nat Cancer Inst 10: 1112
Norris Jn, Fenical W (1982) Chemical defense in tropical marine algae, in: The Atlantic Barrier Reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize 1: structure and communities (eds.) Rutzler K, Macintyre IG, Smithsonian Contr Mar Sci 12: 417
Paul VJ, McConnell OJ, Fenical W (1980) J Org Chem 45: 3401
Kubo I, Lee Y-W, Pettei M, Pilkiewics F, Nakanishi K (1976) Chem Commun, 1013
Cavill GWK, Hinterberger H (1960) Aust J Chem 13: 514
Camazine Sm, Resch JF, Eisner T, Meinwald J (1983) J Chem Ecol 9: 1439
Almodovar LR (1964) Bot Mar 6: 143
Hornsey IS, Hide D (1964) Br Phycol J 9: 353
Henriquez P, Candia A, Norambuena R, Silva M, Zemelman R (1979) Bor Mar 22: 451
Caccamese S, Azzolina R, Furnari G, Cormaci M, Grasso S (1980) Bot Mar 23: 285
Hodgson LM (1984) Bot Mar 27: 387
ZoBell CE, Allen EC (1935) J Bact 29: 239
Woollacott RM (1981) Mar Biol 65: 155
Mihm JW, Banta WC, Loeb GI (1981) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 54: 167
Brancato MS, Woollacott RM (1982) Mar Biol 71: 551
McLachlan J, Craigie JS (1966) J Phycol 2: 133
Sieburth JM, Conover JT (1965) Nature 208: 52
Al-Ogily SM, Knight-Jones EW (1977) Nature 265: 728
Morrow PA, LaMarch VC (1978) Science 201: 1244
Rauscher MD, Feeny PD (1980) Ecology 61: 905
Coley PD (1983) Ecol Monogr 53: 209
Coley PD (1985) Science 230: 895
Vadas RL (1977) Ecol Monogr 47: 337
Lubchenco J (1978) Am Nat 112: 23
Lubchenco J (1980) Ecology 61: 333
Lewis SM (1985) Oecologia 65: 370
Lewis SM (1986) Ecol Monogr 56: 183
Hay ME (1984) Oecologia 64: 396
Sondheimer E, Simeone JB (1970) Chemical ecology, New York, Academic Press
Whittaker RH, Feeny P (1971) Science 171: 757
Levin DA (1976) Ann Rev Ecol Syst 7: 121
Harborne JD (1977) Introduction to ecological biochemistry, New York, Academic Press
Harborne JD (1978) Biochemical aspects of plant and animal coevolution, New York, Academic Press
Rosenthal GA, Janzen DH (1979) Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites, New York, Academic Press
Geiselman JA, McConnell OJ (1981) J Chem Ecol 7: 1115
McConnell OJ, Hughes PA, Targett NM, Daley J (1992) J Chem Ecol 8: 1437
Steinberg PD (1984) Science 223: 405
Steinberg PD (1985) Ecol Monogr 55: 333
Paul VJ, Hay ME (1986) Mar Ecol Prog Ser 33: 255
Paul VJ, Potter TS, manuscript in preparation
Targett NM, Targett TE, Vrolijk NH, Ogden JC (1986) Mar Biol 92: 141
Paul VJ, Nelson SG, in review
Targett NM, McConnell OJ (1982) J Chem Ecol 8: 115
Hay ME, Paul VJ, Lewis SM, Gustafson K, Tucker J, Trindell R (1987) manuscript in preparation
Paul VJ (1987) Bull Mar Sci, in press
Hay ME, Gustafson K, Fenical W (1987) Ecology, in press
Feeny P (1976) Rec Adv Phytochem 10: 1
Freeland WJ, Janzen DH (1974) Amer Nat 108: 269
Whitham TG, Slobodchikoff CN (1981) Oecologia 49: 287
Haukipja E, Hanhimaki S (1985) Oecologia 65: 223
Denno RF, McClure MS (1983) Variable plants and herbivores in natural and managed systems, New York, Academic Press
Whitham TG, Williams AG, Robinson AM (1984) The variation principle: individual plants as temporal and spatial mosaics of resistance of rapidly evolving pests, in: A new ecology (eds.) Price PW, Slobodchikoff CN, Gaud WS, p 15, New York, Wiley
Deverall BJ (1972) Proc R Soc Lond 181: 233
Cline K, Wade M, Albersheim P (1978) Plant Physiol 62: 918
Fox LR (1981) Amer Zool 21: 853
Paul VJ, Fenical W (1986) Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 34: 157
Paul VJ, Hay ME (1987) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, in preparation
Hay ME (1985) Spatial patterns of herbivore impact and their importance in maintaining algal species richness, in: Proc Fifth Inter Coral Reef Symp, Tahiti, Vol 4: 29
Paul VJ (1987) work in progress
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Paul, V.J., Fenical, W. (1987). Natural Products Chemistry and Chemical Defense in Tropical Marine Algae of the Phylum Chlorophyta. In: Scheuer, P.J. (eds) Bioorganic Marine Chemistry. Bioorganic Marine Chemistry, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72726-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72726-9_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72728-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72726-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive