Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Graviperception and Graviresponse at the Cellular Level

  • Chapter
Astrobiology

Abstract

The evolution of life on Earth occurred under the persistent influence of gravity. Even protists (unicellular organisms such as flagellates and ciliates) had to fmd and to stay in environments whose chemical and physical parameters fit their needs. Consequently, already unicellular organisms developed organelles for active (oriented) movement (cilia, flagella) and sensors for diverse stimuli. Among environmental parameters, gravitational acceleration is a most reliable reference for orientation, because it is virtually constant in its magnitude and direction. Consequently, graviorientation can be already found on very early, unicellular, stages of development [1-3]. As protists are heavier than water, they had to develop mechanisms to compensate sedimentation. Without graviorientation, a population of Paramecium, for instance, would sink to the ground of a 1m depth pond within 3½ hours.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Machemer, R. Bräucker, Acta Protozool. 31, 185 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Hemmersbach, D.-P. Häder, FASEB J. 13, S69 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. Hemmersbach, D. Volkmann, D.-P. Häder, J. Plant Physiol. 154, 1 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  4. S. Machemer-Röhnisch, R. Bräucker, H. Machemer, J. Comp Physiol A 171, 779 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Bräucker, A. Murakami, K. Ikegaya, K. Takahashi, S. Machemer-Röhnisch, H. Machemer, J. Exp. Biol. 201, 2103 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. Hemmersbach-Krause, W. Briegleb, D.-P. Häder, K. Vogel, Acta Protozoologica 32, 229(1993).

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. Hemmersbach-Krause, W. Briegleb, D.-P. Häder, K. Vogel, D. Grothe, I. Meyer, J. Euk. Microbiol. 40 (4), 439 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Planel, G. Richoilley, R. Tixador, J. Templier, G. Gasset, Acta Astronautica 17, 147(1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Hemmersbach, R. Voormanns, W. Briegleb, N. Rieder, D.-P. Häder, J. Biotech. 47, 271 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R. Bräucker, S. Machemer-Röhnisch, H. Machemer, J. Exp. Biol. 197, 271 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. Hemmersbach, R. Voormanns, D.-P. Häder, J. Exp. Biol. 199, 2199 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. Verworn, Exp. Unters. Jena 1, 1889.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. Dembowski, Arch. Protistenk. 66, 104 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Fukui and H. Asai, Biophys. J. 47, 479 (1985).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.M. Roberts, J. Exp. Biol. 53, 687 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  16. H. Winet, T.L. Jahn, J. Theor. Biol. 46, 449 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Kuznicki, Acta Protozool. 6, 109 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  18. D.-P. Häder, S.-M. Liu, Curr. Microbiol. 21, 161 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Stallwitz, D.-P. Häder, Europ. J. Protistol. 30, 18 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. Jensen, Physiol. Inst. Jena, 428, 1891.

    Google Scholar 

  21. C.B. Davenport, Experimental Morphology. Macmillan Publ. Co, New York, 1, 1897.

    Google Scholar 

  22. E.P. Lyon, Am. J. Physiol. 14, 421 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  23. O. Koehler, Arch. Protistenk. 45, 1 (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  24. H. Machemer, S. Machemer-Röhnisch, R. Bräucker, K. Takahashi, J. Comp. Physiol. A 168, 1 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S.A. Baba, Biol. Sci. Space 5, 290 (1991) (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Machemer, A. Ogura, J. Physiol. 296, 49 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  27. H. Machemer, J.W. Deitmer, Progress in Sensory Physiol. 5, 81 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Krause, Diplomarbeit Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Gebauer, D. Watzke, H. Machemer, Naturwiss. 86, 352 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. M. Lebert, P. Richter, D.-P. Häder, J. Plant Physiol. 150, 685 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Lebert, D.-P. Häder, Nature 379, 590 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Hemmersbach, R. Voormanns, B. Bromeis, N. Schmidt, H. Rabien, K. Ivanova, Adv. Space Res. 21 (8/9), 1285 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. D.C. Neugebauer, S. Machemer-Röhnisch, U. Nagel, R. Bräucker, H. Machemer, J. Comp. Physiol. A 183, 303 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. T. Fenchel, B.J. Finlay, J. Exp. Biol. 110, 17 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  35. S. Machemer-Röhnisch, U. Nagel, H. Machemer, J. Comp. Physiol. A 185, 517 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. U. Kowalewski, R. Bräucker, H. Machemer, Microgravity Sci. Technol. XI/4, 167 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  37. D.-P. Häder, A. Rosum, J. Schäfer, R. Hemmersbach, J. Biotech. 47, 261 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. D.-P. Häder, M. Porst, H. Tahedl, P. Richter, M. Lebert, Micrograv. Sci. Techn. 10, 53 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  39. S. Machemer-Röhnisch, H. Machemer, R. Bräucker, J. Comp. Physiol. A 179, 213 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Sokabe, F. Sachs, Advances Comp. Environm. Physiol. Springer, 10, 55 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  41. B. Millet, B.G. Pickard, Biophys. J. 53, 155a (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  42. H. Tahedl, P. Richter, M. Lebert, D.-P. Häder, Micrograv. Sci. Techn. XI/4, 173 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  43. U. Nagel, H. Machemer, Europ. J. Protistol. 36, 161 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  44. H. Sackin, Kidney International 48, 1134 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. J. Howard, W.M. Roberts, A.J. Hudspeth, Ann. Rev. Biophys., 17, 99 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. T. Hennessey, H. Machemer, D.L. Nelson, Europ. J. Cell Biol. 36, 153 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  47. A. Cogoli, A. Tschopp, P. Fuchs-Bislin, Science 225, 228 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. N. Longdon, V. David (Eds.) Biorack on D1, ESA SP 1091, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  49. M.L. Lewis, J.L. Reynolds, L.A. Cubano, J.P. Hatton, B.D. Lawless, E.H. Piepmeier, FASEB J. 12(11), 1007(1998).

    Google Scholar 

  50. L.A. Cubano, M.L. Lewis, Exp. Geron. 35, 389 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. M. Cogoli-Greuter, M.A. Meloni, L. Sciola, A. Spano, P. Pippia, G. Monaco, A. Cogoli, J. Biotech. 47, 279 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. L. Sciola, M. Cogoli-Greuter, A. Cogoli, A. Spano, P. Pippia, Adv. Space Res. 24, 801 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. C. Papaseit, N Pochon, J. Tabony, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 97, 8364 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. M. Limouse, S. Manié, I. Konstantinova, B. Ferrua, L. Schaffar, Exp. Cell Res. 197, 82(1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. R.P. de Groot, P.J. Rijken, J. Den Hertog, J. Boonstra, A.J. Verkleij, S.W. de Laat, W. Kruijer, J. Cell, Science 97, 33 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  56. D.A. Schmitt, J.P. Hatton, C. Emond, D. Chaput, H. Paris, T. Levade, J.-P. Cazenave, L. Schaffar, FASEB J. 10, 1627 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  57. I. Walther, P. Pippia, M.A. Meloni, F. Turrini, F. Mannu, A. Cogoli, FEBS Letters, 436, 115 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. T.G. Hammond, F.C. Lewis, T.J. Goodwin, R.M. Linnehan, D.A. Wolf, K.P. Hire, W.C. Campbell, E. Benes, K.C.O’Reilly, R.K. Globus, J.H. Kaysen, Nature Medicine 5, 359(1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Richard Bräucker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Augusto Cogoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ruth Hemmersbach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Luft-und Raumfahrtmedizin, Linder Höhe, 51147, Köln, Germany

    Gerda Horneck  & Christa Baumstark-Khan  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bräucker, R., Cogoli, A., Hemmersbach, R. (2002). Graviperception and Graviresponse at the Cellular Level. In: Horneck, G., Baumstark-Khan, C. (eds) Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59381-9_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59381-9_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63957-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59381-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation