Zusammenfassung
In dem vorliegenden Kapitel werden zwei zentrale Funktionen der selektiven Aufmerksamkeit diskutiert: die perzeptive Aufmerksamkeit und die handlungssteuernde Aufmerksamkeit. Der Begriff „perzeptive Aufmerksamkeit“ bezieht sich auf die Auswahl relevanter Informationen zur bewussten Verarbeitung und zur Steuerung von Denken und Handeln. Handlungsvermittelnde Aufmerksamkeit ist notwendig, um alle Komponenten des Verarbeitungssystems – von der Wahrnehmung bis zur motorischen Reaktion – so einzustellen, dass die Handlungsziele einer zu erledigenden Aufgabe möglichst effizient erreicht werden. Es werden sowohl theoretische Modelle zur Erklärung verhaltensbasierter Daten als auch die Ergebnisse neurowissenschaftlicher Ansätze dargestellt.
Schlüsselwörter: Filtertheorie der Aufmerksamkeit; Attenuationstheorie der Aufmerksamkeit; Merkmalsintegrationstheorie; Theorie der gesteuerten Suche; Dimensionsgewichtungsansatz; Perzeptive Aufmerksamkeit; Handlungsvermittelnde Aufmerksamkeit; Orts-, objekt- und dimensionsbasierte Ansätze; POC-Kurve; Mehrfachaufgabenperformanz; Doppelaufgabenperformanz; Automatizität; IOR-Effekt; Integrierte Kompetition; Neglect
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Krummenacher, J., Müller, H. (2017). Aufmerksamkeit. In: Müsseler, J., Rieger, M. (eds) Allgemeine Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53898-8_5
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