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Prozesse kindlicher Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im Kontext von Gleichaltrigenbeziehungen

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Freundschaften, Cliquen und Jugendkulturen

Zusammenfassung

Die Sozialwelt der gleichaltrigen Kinder hat als Thema der Entwicklungspsychologie und der Sozialisationsforschung in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Auf dem Wege zum Erwachsenwerden brauchen Kinder offenbar nicht nur Erwachsene, Eltern, Lehrer und andere Erzieher, sondern auch gleichaltrige Kinder als Interaktionspartner, die nicht den Erfahrungs- und Kompetenzvorsprung haben wie Erwachsene. Piaget (1972a, 89) hat darauf hingewiesen, dass Kinder dazu neigen, aus Liebe, Anerkennung oder auch Furcht den Forderungen der Erwachsenen zu folgen, noch bevor sie eigene Einsichten gewonnen und ihre Ansprüche mit denen der anderen ausgehandelt haben. Der gleichaltrige Spielpartner verlange dem Kind jedoch ab, sich seiner Perspektive in ihrer Verschiedenheit von der des Gegenübers bewusst zu werden und Kooperation auf Wechselseitigkeit zu gründen. Furth weist darauf hin, dass das Kind auch im ernsthaften Umgang mit Eltern gleichsam Kindsein “spiele”, während es beim Streit im Spiel mit dem Freund oder der Freundin viel stärker der sozialen Realität ausgesetzt sei: „Hier sind zwei Kinder wirklich damit beschäftigt, ihr Sozialleben aufzubauen und sich zu sozialisierten Wesen zu entwickeln“ (Furth 1982, 190).

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  1. Lothar Krappmann
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Krappmann, L. (2010). Prozesse kindlicher Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im Kontext von Gleichaltrigenbeziehungen. In: Harring, M., Böhm-Kasper, O., Rohlfs, C., Palentien, C. (eds) Freundschaften, Cliquen und Jugendkulturen. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92315-4_10

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