Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Local, Global, and Transnational Perspectives on the History of Biology

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of the Historiography of Biology

Part of the book series: Historiography of Science ((HISTSC,volume 1))

Abstract

The transnational perspective in the history of science has pointed out the need to reconstruct cross-borders narratives that account for how the knowledge produced in developing countries forms part of international knowledge as it circulates in networks of collaboration. This perspective has enabled the production of narratives that go beyond the national framework through analysis of transnational participants and processes and has allowed new ways of thinking about the history of biology in national and regional contexts. This manuscript will focus on the influence that George Basalla’s diffusionist model had on historians of science working in non-US-European science, the abandonment of the nation as the unit of historical analysis, and finally, on the recent trends on the history of biology. When proposed in 1967, the diffusionist model of science offered a new tool for historical analysis that was comparative and transcultural, in which the local element was seen as relevant. Nevertheless, despite having opened a new agenda for the history of science, this model has shown serious historiographical limitations. At the end of the 20 th Century, the center-periphery perspective in the history of science was challenged, and recent studies have tried to introduce a different point of view in which the dynamic of scientific practices and the dismantling of imperial projects are the subjects of historical scrutiny. Recent scholarship has shown that the transnational perspective allows to escape from the tension between the local and the global, and to assume a wider narrative beyond national borders. This shift has allowed giving a richer account of knowledge on the move.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    According to Raj, Argentinian developmental economist Raúl Prebisch conceived the same model independently (Raj 2010).

  2. 2.

    For other authors, see Nye (1975) and Singer (1982); also see Guillem-Llobat (2008).

  3. 3.

    In this paper the author acknowledged the influence of previous works. Among the most important are Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), and Bernard Cohen, The new world as a source of science for Europe.

  4. 4.

    Although since WWII, the United States and Russia have become part of “modern science” producers.

  5. 5.

    This idea of the Scientific Revolution giving rise to modern European science is no longer held. Science is not the paradigm of universal rationality and is not distinguishable from other forms of cultural practices. Our most basic epistemological referents in which the classic image of science rests (proof, evidence, objectivity, etc.) have been historicized. See Renn (2015). On historical epistemology, see Rehinberger (1997) and Daston (2000). This historiographical and philosophical approach focuses on the local and temporal variation of scientific entities that articulates scientific practices, rather than on the evolution or development of scientific theories around immutable objects.

  6. 6.

    Carla Nappi, for example, thinks that the tension between the local and the global has influenced the practice and content of the history of science itself. For her, history looks different as practiced in different localities, be these institutions or geographies. Thus, decentering Europe in the history of science will allow the historian to reexamine new categories of analysis (Nappi 2013). For a revision on educational contexts where it is conceived that creative versus expository sciences are divorced, just as peripheral local studies and creative centers, see Bertomeu-Sánchez 2015.

  7. 7.

    See also Petitjean 1992.

  8. 8.

    For a critic overview of this model, see Palladino and Worboys 1993. These authors have called attention to the traditional narratives that underline the unidirectional flow of knowledge from the centers to the peripheries; on the contrary they have acknowledged that imperialism has shaped metropolitan science itself.

  9. 9.

    Edgerton argues that the history of technology is an innovation-centered one that does not focus on use; the history of technology-in-use, rather than the traditional innovation/invention narrative, gives a global history inasmuch as it includes all places that use technology.

References

  • Achbari A (2015) Building networks for science: conflict and cooperation in Nineteenth-century global marine studies. Isis 102(2):257–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agostoni C (2003) Monuments of progress: modernization and public health in Mexico City, 1876–1910. University Press Colorado, Boulder

    Google Scholar 

  • Barahona A (2015) Medical genetics in Mexico: the origins of cytogenetics and the health care system. Hist Stud Nat Sci 45(1):147–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barahona A (2016) Medical genetics and the first studies of the genetics of populations in Mexico. Genetics 204:11–19

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Basalla G (1967) The spread of western science. A three-stage model describes the introduction of modern science into any non-European nation. Science 156:611–622

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basalla G (1993) The spread of western science revisited. In: Lafuente A, Elena A, Ortega ML (eds) Mundialización de la Ciencia y Cultura Nacional. Doce Calles/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aranjuez, pp 509–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-David J (1970) The rise and decline of France as scientific Centre. Minerva 8:160–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennet K (2014) The “Butler” syndrome: academic culture on the semiperiphery. Rev Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 69:155–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertomeu-Sánchez JR (2015) Beyond borders in the history of science education. In: Arabatzis T, Renn J, Simões A (eds) Relocating the history of science. Essays in honor of Kostas Gavroglu, Boston studies in the philosophy and history of science, vol 312. Springer, Cham, pp 159–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Birn AE (2006) Marriage of convenience. Rockefeller international health and revolutionary Mexico. University of Rochester Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Birn AE, Necochea López R (2011) Footprints on the future: looking forward to the history of health and medicine in Latin America in the twenty-first century. Hisp Am Hist Rev 91:503–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown TM, Cueto M, Fee E (2006) The World Health Organization and the transition from “international” to “global” public health. Am J Public Health 96:62–72

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Camprubí L (2014) Engineers and the making of the Francoist regime. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cañizar Hesguerra J (2001) How to write the history of science of the new world. Stanford University Press, Stanford

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers DW (1987) Period and process in colonial and National Science. In: Reingold N, Rotherberg M (eds) Scientific colonialism: a cross cultural comparison. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp 297–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers DW (1993) Locality and science: myths of Centre and periphery. In: Lafuente A, Elena A, Ortega ML (eds) Mundialización de la Ciencia y Cultura Nacional. Doce Calles/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aranjuez, pp 605–617

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen B (1959) The new world as a source of science for Europe. Actes du Neuviême Congrês International d’Histoire des Sciences, Barcelona-Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins H (1985) Changing order: replication and induction in scientific practice. Sage, Beverly Hills

    Google Scholar 

  • Creager A (2013) Life atomic. A history of radioisotopes in science and medicine. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cueto M (2007) Cold war, deadly fevers: malaria eradication in Mexico, 1955–1975. Woodrow Wilson Center/Johns Hopkins University Press, Washington, DC/Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Cueto M (2015) An asymmetrical network: national and international dimensions of the development of Mexican physiology. J Hist Med Allied Sci 71:43–63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cueto M, Palmer S (2015) Medicine and public health in Latin America: a history. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Daston L (ed) (2000) Biographies of scientific objects. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Daston L, Galison P (1992) The image of objectivity. Representations 40:81–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daston L, Galison P (2007) Objectivity. Zone Books, Brooklyn

    Google Scholar 

  • Druglitrø T, Kirk RGW (2014) Building transnational bodies: Norway and the international development of laboratory animal science, ca. 1956–1980. Sci Context 27(2):177–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duarte RH (2013) Between the national and the universal: natural history networks in Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Isis 104(4):777–787

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edgerton D (2007) The shock of the old. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Escobar A (2012) Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa M (2013) Globalizing the history of disease, medicine, and public health in Latin America. Isis 104:798–806

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finnegan DA (2008) The spatial turn: geographical approaches in the history of science. J Hist Biol 41:369–388

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ganeri J (2013) Well-ordered science and Indian epistemic cultures: toward a Polycentered history of science. Isis 104(2):348–359

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gavroglu K, Patiniotis M, Papanelopoulou F, Simões A, Carneiro A, Diogo MP, Bertomeu Sánchez JR, García Belmar A, Nieto-Galán A (2008) Science and technology in the European periphery: some historiographical reflections. Hist Sci 46:153–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glick TF (ed) (1974) The comparative reception of Darwinism. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick TF (1991) Science and independence in Latin America (with special reference to new Granada). Hisp Am Hist Rev 71(2):307–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glick TF (1992) Science and society in twentieth-century Latin America. In: Bethell L (ed) The Cambridge history of Latin America, vol VI. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Golinsky I (1998) Making natural knowledge. Constructivism and the history of science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillem-Llobat X (2008) Science in the periphery. In: Simon J, Herran N (eds) Beyond borders. Fresh perspectives in history of science. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera AO (1971) Ciencia y política en América Latina. Siglo XXI, México

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetch G (2011) Entangled geographies. Empire, Technopolitics in the global cold war. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochman G (2009) Priority, invisibility and eradication: the history of smallpox and the Brazilian public health agenda. Med Hist 53:229–252

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hochman G (2011) A era do saneamento. As bases da política de Saúde no Brasil. Hucited Editora, Sao Pablo

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmeyr I (2013) African history and global studies: a view from South Africa. J Afr Hist 54:341–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Home RW, Kohlstedt SG (eds) (1991) International science and National Scientific Identity: Australia between Britain and America. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado de Mendoza D, Vara AM (2007) Winding roads to big science: experimental physics in Argentina and Brazil. Sci Technol Soc 12:27–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inkster I (1985) Scientific Enterprise and the colonial model: observations on Australian experience in historical context. Soc Stud Sci 15:677–704

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler RE (2012) Practice and place in twentieth-century field biology: a comment. J Hist Biol 45:579–586

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kreimer P (2010) Ciencia y Periferia. Nacimiento, Muerte y Resurrección de la Biología Molecular en la Argentina: Aspectos Sociales, Políticos y Cognitivos. Eudeba, Buenos Aires

    Google Scholar 

  • Krige J (2006) Atoms for peace, scientific internationalism, and scientific intelligence. Osiris 21:161–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn TS (1962) The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar D (ed) (1991) Science and empire: essays in Indian context. Anamika Publications, Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar D (2012) Indigo plantations and science in colonial India. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lafuente A, Sala Catalá J (1989) Ciencia Colonial y Roles Profesionales en la América Española del Siglo XVIII. Quipu 6:387–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour B (1988) The pasteurization of France. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour B, Woolgar S (1979) Laboratory life: the social construction of scientific facts. Sage, Beverly Hills

    Google Scholar 

  • Livinsgtone DN (2003) Putting science in its place. Geographies of scientific knowledge. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Leite Lópes J (1972) La Ciencia y el dilema de América Latina: dependencia o liberación. Siglo XXI, México

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod R (1982) On visiting the moving metropolis: reflections on the architecture of imperial science. In: Reingold N, Rotherberg M (eds) Scientific colonialism: a cross cultural comparison. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp 217–249

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod R (ed) (2000) Nature and empire, Osiris, vol 15. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews AS (2011) Instituting science. Authority, expertise, and power in Mexican forests. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McClellan JE (1992) Colonialism and science: saint Dominguez in the old regime. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • McCook S (2009) The world was my garden: tropical botany and cosmopolitanism in American science, 1898–1935. In: McCoy AW, Scarano FA (eds) Colonial crucible: empire in the making of the modern American state. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, pp 499–507

    Google Scholar 

  • McCook S (2013) Introduction. Isis 104(4):773–776

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medina E (2011) Cybernetic revolutionaries: technology and politics in Allende’s Chile. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreno de los Arcos R (1984) La polémica del Darwinismo en México, Siglo XIX. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Wille S (2003) Joining Lapland and the topinambes in flourishing Holland: center and periphery in Linnaean botany. Sci Context 16(4):461–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nappi C (2013) The global and beyond. Adventures in the local historiographies of science. Isis 104:102–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Needham J (1954) Science and civilization in China. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieto-Galán A (2015) Centers and peripheries revisited: STEP and the mainstream historiography of science. In: Arabatzis T, Renn J, Simões A (eds) Relocating the history of science. Essays in honor of Kostas Gavroglu, Boston studies in the philosophy and history of science, vol 312. Springer, Cham, pp 69–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Nye MJ (1975) The scientific periphery in France: the faculty of science at Toulouse (1880–1930). Minerva 13(3):374–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palladino P, Worboys M (1993) Science and imperialism. Isis 84:91–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer S (2010) Launching Global Health: the Caribbean odyssey of the Rockefeller Foundation. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Papanelopoulou F, Kjaergaard PC (eds) (2009) Science and technology in Spanish, Greek and Danish newspapers around 1900. Centaurus 51(2):89–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papanelopoulou F, Nieto-Galán A, Perdiguero E (eds) (2009) Popularizing science and Technology in the European Periphery, 1800–2000. Ashgate, Aldershot

    Google Scholar 

  • Parle J, Noble V (2014) New directions and challenges in histories of health, healing and medicine in South Africa. Med Hist 58(2):147–165

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Patiniotis M (2013) Between the local and the global: history of science in the European periphery meets post-colonial studies. Centaurus 55:361–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pestre D (2012) Concluding remarks. Debates in transnational and science studies: a defence and illustration of the virtues of intellectual tolerance. Br J Hist Sci 45(3):425–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petitjean P (1992) Sciences et Empires: un Thème Promotteur, des Enjeux Cruciaux. In: Petitjean P, Jami C, Moulin AM (eds) Science and empires: historical studies about scientific development and European expansion, Boston studies in the philosophy of science, vol 136. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 3–12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Petitjean P, Jami C, Moulin AM (eds) (1992) Science and empires: historical studies about scientific development and European expansion, Boston studies in the philosophy of science, vol 136. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Phalkey J (2013) Introduction. Science, history, and modern India. Isis 104:330–336

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Podgorny I (2013) Fossil dealers, the practices of comparative anatomy and British diplomacy in Latin America, 1820–1840. Br J Hist Sci 46(2):647–674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter TM (1995) Trust in numbers: the pursuit of objectivity in science and public life. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyenson L (1985a) Functionaries and seekers in Latin America: missionary diffusion of the exact sciences, 1850-1930. Quipu 2(3):387–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pyenson L (1985b) Cultural imperialism and exact sciences (studies in history and culture). Peter Lang Publishing, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyenson L (2002) An end to national science: the meaning and the extension of local knowledge. Hist Sci 11:1–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintero C (2011) Trading in birds: imperial power, national pride, and the place of nature in US-Colombian relations. Isis 102:421–445

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raj K (2010) Introduction: circulation and locality in early modern science. Br J Hist Sci 43(4):513–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raj K (2013) Beyond postcolonialism… and postpositivism. Isis 104:337–347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rehinberger H-J (1997) Toward a history of epistemic things: synthesizing proteins in the test tube. Stanford University Press, Standford

    Google Scholar 

  • Reingold N, Rotherberg M (eds) (1987) Scientific colonialism: a cross cultural comparison. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Renn J (2015) The history of science and the globalization of knowledge. In: Arabatzis T, Renn J, Simões A (eds) Relocating the history of science. Essays in honor of Kostas Gavroglu, Boston studies in the philosophy and history of science, vol 312. Springer, Cham, pp 241–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudwick M (1984) The great Devonian controversy. The shaping of scientific knowledge among Gentlemany. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Safier N (2010) Global knowledge on the move. Itineraries, Amerindian narratives, and deep histories of science. Isis 101:133–145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sagasti F, Guerrero M (1974) El Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico en América Latina. Instituto para la Integración de América Latina, Buenos Aires

    Google Scholar 

  • Santesmases MJ (2006) Peace propaganda and biomedical experimentation: influential uses of radioisotopes in endocrinology and molecular genetics in Spain (1947–1971). J Hist Biol 39:765–794

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santesmases MJ (2012) Circulating knowledge and practices in the atomic age. Radioisotopes in Spain, 1945–1955. In: International colloquium peaceful atoms: science during the Cold War. Mexico City

    Google Scholar 

  • Santesmases MJ, Gradmann C (2011) Circulation of antibiotics: an introduction. Dynamis 31(2):293–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos RV (2002) Indigenous peoples, postcolonial contexts and genomic research in the late 20th century. Crit Anthropol 22(1):81–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos RV, Lindee S, Souza VS (2014) Building a site of cognition: shades of primitiveness in human biological diversity studies in Cold War Brazil, 1962–1970. Am Anthropol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Secord JA (2004) Knowledge in transit. Isis 95:654–672

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapin S (1994) Social history of truth: civility and science in seventeenth-century England. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapin S, Schaffer S (1985) Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and experimental life. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Shils EA (1961) Centre and periphery. In: Polanyi P (ed) The logic of personal knowledge: essays presented to Michael Polanyi in his seventieth birthday, 11th March 1961. Routledge/Kegan Paul Ltd, London, pp 117–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Shils EA (1991) Reflections on tradition, Centre and periphery and the universal validity of science: the significance of the life of S. Ramanujan. Minerva 29:393–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simões A, Carneiro A, Diogo MP (eds) (2003) Travels of learning. A geography of science in Europe. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer B (1982) The ascendancy of the Sorbonne: the relations between Centre and periphery in the academic order of the Third Republic. Minerva 20(3–4):269–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivasundaram S (2010) Sciences and the global: on methods, questions, and theory. Isis 101:146–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soto Laveaga G (2009) Jungle laboratories; Mexican peasants, national projects, and the making of the pill. Duke University Press, Durham

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Special Issue (2014) New directions and challenges in histories of health, healing and medicine in South Africa. Med Hist 58(2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stepan NL (1976) Beginnings of Brazilian science: Oswaldo Cruz, medical research and policy, 1890–1920. Watson Publishing International, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam S (1997) Connected histories: notes towards a reconfiguration of early modern Eurasia. Mod Asian Stud 31:735–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam S (2005) Explorations in connected history. From Tagus to the Ganges. Oxford University Press, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Turchetti S, Herrán N, Boudia S (2012) Introduction: have we ever been «transnational»? Towards a history of science across and beyond borders. Br J Hist Sci 45(3):319–336. p. 320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Vleuten E (2008) Towards a transnational history of technology: meanings, promises, pitfalls. Technol Cult 49(4):974–994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varsavsky O (1969) Ciencia, política y cientificismo. CEAL, Buenos Aires

    Google Scholar 

  • Vessuri H (1994) The institutionalization process. In: Salomon J-J, Sagasti FR, Sachs-Jeantet C (eds) The uncertain quest. Science, technology and development. United Nations University Press, New York, pp 168–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Vessuri H (1997) Introducción. In: Albornoz M, Kreimer P, Glavich E (eds) Ciencia y Sociedad en América Latina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker M (2012) The “national” in international and transnational science. BJHS 45(3):359–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J (1999) American science in an age of anxiety: scientists, anti-communism, and the cold war. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z (2010) Transnational science during the cold war: the case of Chinese/American scientists. Isis 101(2):367–377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ana Barahona

Authors
  1. Ana Barahona
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Barahona .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. HPS Dept, 1017 Cathedral of Learning, University of Pittsburgh HPS Dept, 1017 Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael Dietrich

  2. University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA

    Mark Borrello

  3. Tel Aviv, Israel

    Oren Harman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Barahona, A. (2018). Local, Global, and Transnational Perspectives on the History of Biology. In: Dietrich, M., Borrello, M., Harman, O. (eds) Handbook of the Historiography of Biology. Historiography of Science, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74456-8_19-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74456-8_19-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74456-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74456-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation