1 Notions on Biogeography

Biogeography is the science which studies the distribution of species, communities, habitats, biocoenoses and natural ecosystems on Earth, as well as the relationships between them. It takes into account the distribution areas of taxa and syntaxa (chorology), in addition to information from other natural sciences (geography, botany, zoology, soil science, bioclimatology, geology, etc.), attempting to establish a hierarchical biogeographic classification of the territories on the planet. The main typological units in decreasing rank are: kingdom, region, province, sector, district, country, landscape cell and tesella (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2007, 2011a, b, c, 2014). Terrestrial biogeography has been twinned with phytogeography due to the value of vascular plant species and communities in its definition and delimitation on Earth. Oceanic biogeography should be studied with oceanological research methods.

The elementary biogeographic terrestrial unit of the lowest rank is the tessella, defined as a geographic space of greater or lesser extension, that is ecologically homogeneous, which means that it has only a single type of potential natural vegetation (climatophilous, edaphoxerophilous or edaphohygrophilous) and, as a consequence, only one successional trend of natural substitution communities (see Chap. 3). Within the framework of dynamic-catenal phytosociology, when zonation takes place in areas under extreme conditions, such as polar, fluvial, lake and marine landscapes, deserts, high mountain summits, dunes, rock formations, coastal cliffs, etc., the specialized vegetation growing in each of the elementary spaces is not replaced by perennial non-nitrified seral communities; in such cases the ecological homogeneous spaces or tesella are considered permatesella. Both, the tesella and the permatessella, are the only biogeographic units which can be repeated disjointed. In a bottom-to-top progression, we will define the various territorial categories used in biogeography:

  • The landscape cells, such as horsts, peneplains, river valleys, lake systems, marshes, high mountain summits, etc., are constituted by a mosaic of tessellas or permatessellas with their corresponding complexes of plant communities, assembled by networks of geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta based on the geomorphology and the soils of the territory.

  • The biogeographical country must be an extensive and clearly delimited geographic territory which possesses an abundant group of landscape cells, species, associations, and above all, its own topographical geosigmeta.

  • The district is a group of biogeographical countries, characterized by the existence of a high number of differential species and even endemic taxa, especially in the coastal, oreadic (high elevation areas) or interior halophilous zones, which permit their distinction from the adjacent territories; it also comprises as characteristic units some associations, series, geoseries and geoclinoseries (cliserial zonations, see Chap. 3) which are absent from nearby districts.

  • The sector is a set of biogeographical districts with a large-scale geographic entity, which possesses its own endemic taxa, associations and vegetation series, as well as original topographical and geoclinosequential (altitudinal zonations) geoseries which are generally due to the existence of exclusive geoclinoseries, climatophilous series, permanent and subserial communities, as well as paleoclimatic evidences and former migratory routes.

  • The province is a vast geographic territory which, as well as possessing a large number of endemisms and differential species (its own subelement), has particular macroseries. It is also characteristic of each biogeographical province to hold geomacroseries and a particular altitudinal vegetation zonation or exclusive geoclinoseries.

  • The region is a very extensive territory, formed by a group of biogeographical provinces which has a flora or regional floristic element with endemic species, genera or even families; in addition it has its own particular megaseries, geomegaseries and geomegapermaseries and in consequence, its own bioclimatic and vegetation belts (Rivas-Martínez 2005).

  • Finally, the kingdom is the supreme unit of biogeography, generally pluricontinental and multinsular, which in addition to taxonomic and ecosystematic considerations, addresses the origins of the flora and fauna, as well as the origin of the great continents, orogenies and particular macrobioclimates.

As it is by now traditional in this science, the denominations of the biogeographic units –both the primary and the auxiliary units (from the subregion to the area)– are given based on known geographical, orographic or historical designations which are considered to be more or less coincident with the area they are intending to represent. Orthographically, all the units are considered to be proper names identifying the zone. The names of high ranks (provinces or higher) are formed, if necessary, by two geographical nouns, joined by means of a hyphen; on the contrary, the lower ranks (sector or less) are joined by the conjunction ‘and’; all the double biogeographical names maintain the initial capital in both and conserve their condition of a proper noun.

It must be emphasized that the biogeographical units can only be accurately delimited through their diagnosis and through the corresponding maps. All the territories –except the tessella and permatessella– must be contiguous by land, lake or sea routes, and include all the small orographic accidents and lithological diversity which exist in the area. Sometimes, in the biogeographical territories as a whole, there are introgressions by other adjacent territories, and these “islands” frequently occur in regions with a varied lithology or in areas near regional or provincial boundaries. Their possible typological independence, always of a lower rank than the area into which they introgress, depends on their originality, floristic richness and phytocoenotics, as well as on their surface area.

One of the criteria traditionally used for recognizing and delimiting biogeographic units as well as determinin their entity, is to incorporate the information of the geographic distribution of those taxa (families, genera, species and subspecies) which are narrowly restricted to a particular area up to the biogeographical province rank. These taxa are termed endemic taxa or endemisms. Endemisms have been successfully used to define and delimit the chorological or biogeographical units (provinces, sectors and districts), and they form part of the phytogeographical subelement which characterize them. Moreover, it is better to name the endemisms (taxa or syntaxa) which occupy a greater area or are regional, and those which for migratory reasons are dispersed across various biogeographical regions, as phytogeographical elements or geoelements of those higher units.

2 Concepts on Vegetation Series and Lanscape Phytosociology

Nowadays, the development of dynamic-catenal phytosociology and the syntaxonomic knowledge of broad territories of the Earth, as well as the cartographic delimitation of vegetation series, geoseries and geopermaseries, when available, have become the essential criteria for defining biogeographical units, in addition to suitably compiled and mapped bioclimatic and soil factors.

The vegetation series, also termed sigmetum (in honor of S.I.G.M.A.), expresses the whole set of plant communities or stages which can be found within similar tessellar spaces as a result of the succession process, and includes both the representative association of the mature stage, series head or potential natural vegetation, which is used as a nomenclatural reference, and the initial or subseral associations that may replace it. Based on this concept, the vegetation series or sigmetum represents the basic unit or essential model of dynamic phytosociology. Distinctions can also be made between climatophilous, xerophilous, temporihygrophilous and hygrophilous series. Climatophilous or zonal series are located on mature soils according to the mesoclimate, and only receive rainwater: mesophytic, submesophytic and subxerophytic; the temporihygrophilous series, included among the climatophilous, are those which have additional water contribution due to their topographical circumstances, and they thus develop on flooded or very wet soils throughout part of the year, and –at least during the summer or dry period– the soil horizons are well-drained and aerated. Finally the xerophilous series are found in particularly dry or xerophytic soils or biotopes such as lithosols, arenosols, very windy sites, steep slopes, crests, ledges, etc.; and the hygrophilous series grow on particularly wet soils and biotopes such as fluvisols, halosols, histosols, etc., and are found in river beds, marsh areas, salt flats, peat bogs, etc.

The vegetation geoseries or geosigmetum is the basic unit of dynamic-catenal phytosociology. It corresponds to a catena of vegetation series which is found around a given bioclimatic belt and biogeographic territory in the heart of the universal crest-slope-valley model. This topographic framework makes it possible to distinguish the three geomorphological aspects of any complete catena where the vegetation series constituting the geosigmetum are located in zones; the xerophilous series and geoseries (hyperxerophilic and xerophilic) are located in the driest sites (crests, escarpments, lithosols, etc.); the climatophilous and temporihygrophilous series and geoseries are located on slopes and foothills where greater humidity is contributed by rainfall and run-on; and the hygrophilous series and geoseries are found in the valleys and watercourses (fluvial, lake and watercourses), among which the river fractogeosigmetum (partial geosigmetum) is of great importance to plant landscape science due to its extrazonality, and also, in combination with the xerophilous and climatophilous sigmeta and geosigmeta, to the definition and structuring of regional and global biogeography.

The vegetation geopermaseries, also known as geopermasigmeta, is the catenal expression of a set of neighboring permaseries or permasigmeta, delimited by changing topographic or soil situations. These are determined by conditions of extreme climate (high mountains and polar areas) and exceptional microtopographic and soil conditions (walls, rock formations, marine cliffs, salt flats, etc.) which give rise to a large number of neighboring ecological residences populated by diverse permanent perennial plant communities (continuous vegetation permaseries) with absence of non-nitrophilous seral perennial communities which appear to have reached their equilibrium. The most favorable sites for the existence of geopermaseries or geopermasigmeta, in adition to sites corresponding to permanent types of vegetation in extreme high-mountain and polar region bioclimates, are ledges, rock crevasses, cliffs and coastal rock formations bathed by sea waters, peat bogs, wind drifts, mobile sand dunes, lake shores, streams etc. (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011b).

3 Biogeographic Units of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands to District Level

According to the concepts previously defined, we show the hierachical typology of the biogeographic units recognized in the the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands at the present time. In some cases we also comment on some exclusive units from France. In this case, we indicate it as [France]. The name of biogeographic units are in English, followed by its Spanish name in brackets and in the case of districts its extension is given in square kilometers, also in brackets. To achieve this synthesis we have considered various proposals from other authors, such as the most general approaches of Quézel (1985), Takhtajan (1986), Costa (1997), Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011b) to more specific or wider territories such as the proposals of Rivas-Martínez (1969, 1973, 1985, 1987, 1988), Pons and Quézel (1985), Alcaraz (1996), and also the proposals concerning limited territories such as those by Braun-Blanquet and Bolòs (1958), Rivas Goday and Borja (1961), Rivas Goday and Rivas-Martínez (1968), Alcaraz (1984), Peinado and Martínez Parras (1987), Navarro Andrés and Valle Gutiérrez (1987), Rivas-Martínez and Pizarro (1988), Loidi and Báscones (1995), Molina et al. (1993), Rivas-Martínez (1963, 1981), Rivas Goday (1964), Rigual (1972), Esteve (1973), Rivas-Martínez et al. (1984, 1987, 1990a, b, c, 1991a, b, 1997), Folch (1986), Bolòs (1967, 1987), Costa (1987), Izco (1987), Ladero et al. (1987), Martínez-Parras and Peinado (1987), Asensi and Díaz Garretas (1987), Pérez Raya et al. (1990), Molero Mesa and Pérez Raya (1987), Díaz González and Fernández Prieto, (1988, 1994), Alcaraz et al. (1989, 1991), Peinado et al. (1992), Navarro, G. (1989), Berastegui et al. (1997), Loidi et al. (1997), Villa et al. (1997), Cantó P. (2007). We also referred to the most recent approaches established by Rivas-Martínez and Loidi (1999), Cantó (2007) and Rivas-Martínez et al. (2014).

According to our studies the territory of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands share two biogeographic regions: the Eurosiberian and Mediterranean, both included in the Holartic Kingdom. The numeric synthesis is shown in the next table:

Biogeographic unit

Eurosiberian region

Mediterranean region

Total

Subregions

2

1

3

Provinces

2

6

8

Subprovinces

6

10

16

Sectors

12

37

49

Districts

64

182

264

The listing below shows the biogeographic typology pointing out its hierarchical structure up to district level and also the approximate extension in square kilometers. Its geographical distribution can be seen in the corresponding maps (Figs. 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3).

Fig. 5.1
figure 1

Biogeographic map of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands at province level

Full size image
Fig. 5.2
figure 2

Biogeographic map of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands at subprovince level

Full size image
Fig. 5.3
figure 3

Biogeographic map of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands at sector level

Full size image

  • I. Eurosiberian Region (Región E urosiberiana)

    • IA. Alpine-Caucasian Subregion (Subregión A lpina -C aucásica)

      • Ia. Pyrenean Province (Provincia P irenaica)

        • Iaa. East Pyrenean Subprovince (Subprovincia P irenaica oriental)

          • 1. East Pyrenean Sector (Sector P irenaico O riental)

            • 1a. High Ampurdán Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Altoampurdanés) (944 km2)

            • 1b. Conflent and Ripollés District (Distrito Conflentino-Ripollés) (2069 km2)

            • 1c. Andorra and Cerdaña District (Distrito Andorrano-Cerdañés) (1916 km2)

            • 1d. High Pallars East Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Oriental Altopallarés) (2466 km2)

            • 1e. Ariège East Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Oriental Ariegense) [France]

            • 1f.  Cadí Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Cadiés) (863 km2)

            • 1g. South Berguedá and Solsona District (Distrito Surberguedano-Solsonés) (2109 km2)

            • 1h. Montseny District (Distrito Montsignático) (852 km2)

            • 1i.  Osona and Olot District (Distrito Ausetano-Olotense) (2638 km2)

        • Iab. Central Pyrenean Subprovince (Subprovincia PIRENAICA CENTRAL)

          • 2. Central Pyrenean Sector (Sector P irenaico C entral)

            • 2a. Central High Pyrenean District (Distrito Altopirenaico Central) (1928 km2)

            • 2b. Bigorra Central Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Central Bigorrés) [France]

            • 2c. Arán Central Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Central Aranés) (346 km2)

          • 3. West Pyrenean Sector (Sector P irenaico occidental)

            • 3a. Aragón West Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Occidental Aragonés) (474 km2)

            • 3b. Navarra West Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Occidental Navarro) (1298 km2)

            • 3c. French West Pyrenean District (Distrito Pirenaico Occidental Francés) [France]

        • Iac. Aragón Prepyrenean Subprovince (Subprovincia P repirenaica A ragonesa)

          • 4. Aragón Prepyrenean Sector (Sector P repirenaico A ragonés)

            • 4a. Low Pallars District (Distrito Bajopallarés) (2175 km2)

            • 4b. Low Ribagorza and Sobrarbe District (Distrito Bajorribagorzano-Sobrarbés) (2634 km2)

            • 4c. Guara Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Guarense) (1222 km2)

            • 4d. Jacetania District (Distrito Jacetano) (1936 km2)

    • IB. Atlantic-Central European Subregion (Subregión A tlántica-C entroeuropea)

      • Ib. European Atlantic Province (Provincia A tlántica E uropea)

        • Iba. Cantabrian atlantic Subprovince (Subprovincia C antabroatlántica)

          • 5. Cantabrian and Basque Sector (Sector C ántabro-V ascónico)

            • 5a. Labourd and Baztán District (Distrito Labortano-Baztanés) (933 km2)

            • 5b. Guipúzcoa District (Distrito Guipuzcoano) (2046 km2)

            • 5c. Biscay District (Distrito Vizcaíno) (2965 km2)

            • 5d. Valnera and Trasmiera District (Distrito Valnerano-Trasmierano) (948 km2)

            • 5e. North Cantabrian District (Distrito Cántabro Septentrional) (1907 km2)

            • 5f.  South Cantabrian District (Distrito Cántabro Meridional) (1390 km2)

            • 5g. Pamplona District (Distrito Pamplonés) (1785 km2)

            • 5h. Urbasa Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Urbaseño) (1038 km2)

            • 5i.  Álava District (Distrito Alavés) (1637 km2)

            • 5j.  Losa and Omecillo District (Distrito Losino-Omecillés) (762 km2)

          • 6. North galicia and Asturias Sector (Sector G alaico septentrional-A sturiano)

            • 6a. Cuera and Sueve Sierras District (Distrito Serrano Cuerano-Suevense) (218 km2)

            • 6b. Oviedo District (Distrito Ovetense) (4058 km2)

            • 6c. Northwest Asturias District (Distrito Asturiano Noroccidental) (2798 km2)

            • 6d. North Galician District (Distrito Galaico Septentrional) (2620 km2)

          • 7. Galicia and north Portugal Sector (Sector G alaico-P ortugués septentrional)

            • 7a. Lugo District (Distrito Lucense) (4456 km2)

            • 7b. Brigantium District (Distrito Brigantino ) (2327 km2)

            • 7c. Compostela District (Distrito Compostelano) (6361 km2)

            • 7d. Cíes and Ons Islands District (Distrito Insular de Cíes y Ons) (11 km2)

            • 7e. Low Miño and Pontevedra Sierran District (Distrito Bajomiñense-Serrano Pontevedrés) (5509, km2)

            • 7f. Braga District (Distrito Bracarense) (4225 km2)

            • 7g. Porto and Low Douro District (Distrito Portueño-Bajoduriense) (2384 km2)

            • 7h. Valdeorras District (Distrito Valdeorrense) (448 km2)

            • 7i.  Orense and Lemos District (Distrito Orensano-Lemosano) (1638 km2)

            • 7j.  Navia District (Distrito Naviano) (1521 km2)

        • Ibb. Orocantabrian Subprovince (Subprovincia O rocantábrica)

          • 8. High Campoo and Carrión Sector (Sector A ltocampurriano-C arrionés)

            • 8a. High Campoo District (Distrito Altocampurriano) (919 km2)

            • 8b. Lieébana District (Distrito Lebaniego) (529 km2)

            • 8c. High Esla and Carrión District (Distrito Altoeslano-Altocarrionés) (1150 km2)

            • 8d. Espigüete Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Espigüeteño) (386 km2)

          • 9. Picos of europa and UbiÑa Sector (Sector P icoeuropeano-U biÑense)

            • 9a. Picos of Europa District (Distrito Picoeuropeano) (710 km2)

            • 9b. Redes District (Distrito Redesano) (643 km2)

            • 9c. Somiedo and Ubiña District (Distrito Somedano-Ubiñense) (1168 km2)

            • 9d. Central Orocantabrian District (Distrito Orocantábrico Central) (1028 km2)

            • 9e. Mampodre Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Mampodrense) (281 km2)

            • 9 f. Babia and Torío District (Distrito Babiano-Toriano) (1119 km2)

          • 10. Laciana and Ancares Sector (Sector L acianiego-A ncarense)

            • 10a. Laciana District (Distrito Lacianiego) (931 km2)

            • 10b. High Narcea District (Distrito Altonarceense) (1143 km2)

            • 10c. Omaña District (Distrito Omañés) (536 km2)

            • 10d. Ancares Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Ancarense) (756 km2)

            • 10e. Caurel Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Caureliano) (1006 km2)

        • Ibc. Atlantic Orolusitania Subprovince (Subprovincia O rolusitana A tlántica)

          • 11. North lusitania Sierran Sector (Sector S errano N orlusitano)

            • 11a. Peneda and Xurés Sierras District (Distrito Serrano Penedano-Juresiano) (2113 km2)

            • 11b. Barroso and Cabreira Sierras District (Distrito Serrano Barroseño-Cabreirés) (892 km2)

            • 11c. Alvão and Marão Sierras District (Distrito Serrano Alvão-Marão) (995 km2)

          • 12. Montemuro and Estrela Sierras Sector (Sector S errano M ontemuro -E strelense)

            • 12a. Montemuro and Caramulo Sierras District (Distrito Serrano Montemuro-Caramulo) (1955 km2)

            • 12b. Estrela Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Estrelense) (2694 km2)

            • 12c. Guarda District (Distrito Guardense) (567 km2)

  • II. Mediterranean Region (Región M editerránea)

    • IIA. West Mediterranean Subregion (Subregión M editerránea O ccidental)

      • IIa. Valencia-Provençe and Balearic Province (Provincia V alenciana-P rovenzal-B alear)

        • IIaa. Catalonian and Provençe Subprovince (Subprovincia C atalana-P rovenzal)

          • 16. East Catalonian Sector (Sector C atalán O riental)

            • 16a. Rosellón District (Distrito Rosellonés) [France]

            • 16b. Selva and Ampurdán District (Distrito Selvatano-Ampurdanés ) (3447 km2)

            • 16c. Vallés District (Distrito Vallesano) (1404 km2)

            • 16d. High Penedés and Montserrat District (Distrito Altopenedesano-Montserratino) (951 km2)

        • IIab. Valencia Subprovince (Subprovincia V alenciana)

          • 17. Valencia and Tarragona Sector (Sector V alenciano-T arraconense)

            • 17a. Low Penedés and Alt Camp District (Distrito Bajopenedesano-Altocampino) (1857 km2)

            • 17b. Igualada and Prades District (Distrito Igualadino-Pradesano) (1429 km2)

            • 17c. Low Ebro District (Distrito Bajoebrense) (1450 km2)

            • 17d. Gandesa and Priorato District (Distrito Gandesano-Priorateño) (1288 km2)

            • 17e. Beceite and Morella District (Distrito Puertobeceitano-Morellano) (2133 km2)

            • 17f. Maestrat District (Distrito Maestrazguero) (3115 km2)

            • 17g. Espadán Sierran and Castellón District (Distrito Serrano Espadano-Castellonense) (2782 km2)

            • 17h. Huerta of Valencia an Túria District (Distrito Huertano Valenciano-Turiano) (4611 km2)

          • 18. Játiva Sector (Sector S etabense)

            • 18a. Játiva District (Distrito Setabense) (2494 km2)

            • 18b. Alcoy and Denia District (Distrito Alcoyano-Dianense) (2658 km2)

            • 18c. Allora and Cofrentes District (Distrito Allorano-Cofrentino) (1122 km2)

            • 18d. Yecla and Villena District (Distrito Yeclano-Villenense) (1332 km2)

        • IIac. Balearic Islands Subprovince (Subprovincia B alear)

          • 19. Menorca Sector (Sector M enorquín)

            • 19a. North Menorca District (Distrito Menorquín Septentrional) (324 km2)

            • 19b. South Menorca District (Distrito Menorquín Meridional) (377 km2)

          • 20. Mallorca Sector (Sector M allorquín)

            • 20a. Mallorca East Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Levantino Mallorquín) (540 km2)

            • 20b. Mallorca Central Plain District (Distrito Llano Central Mallorquín) (2143 km2)

            • 20c. Mallorca Tramuntana Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Tramuntano Mallorquín) (964 km2)

            • 20d. Cabrera Islands District (Distrito Insular de Cabrera) (13 km2)

          • 21. Pitiusas Sector (Sector P itiúsico)

            • 21a. Ibiza Island District (Distrito Insular Ebusitano) (574 km2)

            • 21b. Formentera Island District (Distrito Insular Formenterano) (83 km2)

      • IIb. Central Iberian Mediterranean Province (Provincia M editerránea I bérica C entral)

        • IIba. Low Aragón and high ebro Subprovince (Subprovincia B ajoaragonesa -A ltoebrense)

          • 22. Somontano Sector (Sector S omontano)

            • 22a. Manresa and Segarra District (Distrito Manresano-Segárrico) (2536 km2)

            • 22b. Noguera District (Distrito Noguerano) (2932 km2)

            • 22c. Aragón Somontano District (Distrito Somontano Aragonés) (4888 km2)

            • 22d. Cinco Villas District (Distrito Cincovillés) (2038 km2)

          • 23. Bardenas and Monegros Sector (Sector B ardenero-M onegrino)

            • 23a. Alcañiz District (Distrito Alcañizano) (3219 km2)

            • 23b. Low Cinca and Segriá District (Distrito Bajocincano-Segriano) (3260 km2)

            • 23c. Monegros District (Distrito Monegrino) (2638 km2)

            • 23d. Belchite and Híjar District (Distrito Belchitano-Hijarense) (1738 km2)

            • 23e. Bardenas District (Distrito Bardenero) (1751 km2)

            • 23f. Zaragoza Steppe District (Distrito Zaragozano Estepario) (4083 km2)

          • 24. Rioja and Estella Sector (Sector R iojano-E stellés)

            • 24a. Low Rioja and Tafalla District (Distrito Bajorriojano-Tafallés) (4677 km2)

            • 24b. High Rioja and Estella District (Distrito Altorriojano-Estellés) (2552 km2)

            • 24c. Low Irati and Sangüesa District (Distrito Bajoiratiano-Sangüesino) (1128 km2)

          • 25. Cantabrian Castilian Sector (Sector C astellano C antábrico)

            • 25a. Bureba District (Distrito Burebano) (1078 km2)

            • 25b. Burgos Páramo District (Distrito Parameño Burgalés) (1208 km2)

            • 25c. High Burgos Merindades District (Distrito Merindano Altoburgalés) (1225 km2)

            • 25d. Miranda and Treviño District (Distrito Mirandés-Treviñés) (665 km2)

            • 25e. Palencia Low Campoo District (Distrito Bajocampurriano Palentino) (880 km2)

        • IIbb. Oroiberian Subprovince (Subprovincia O roibérica)

          • 26. North Oroiberian Sector (Sector O roibérico S eptentrional)

            • 26a. Moncayo Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Moncayense) (1947 km2)

            • 26b. Bilbilis and Cucalón Sierran District (Distrito Bilbilitano-Serrano Cucalonense) (4841 km2)

            • 26c. Cameros Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Camerano) (1476 km2)

            • 26d. Urbión Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Urbionense) (1197 km2)

            • 26e. Demanda Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Demandés) (1347 km2)

          • 27. South Oroiberian Sector (Sector O roibérico M eridional)

            • 27a. High Jiloca District (Distrito Altojiloquense) (1642 km2)

            • 27b. Gúdar Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Gudárico) (1607 km2)

            • 27c. Javalambre Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Javalambrense) (2173 km2)

            • 27d. Ademuz and Teruel District (Distrito Ademuceño-Turolense) (1662 km2)

            • 27e. Aliaga and Montalbán District (Distrito Aliagueño-Montalbanés) (2244 km2)

            • 27f. Albarracín District (Distrito Albarracinense) (1678 km2)

            • 27g. North Cuenca Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Conquense Septentrional) (3784 km2)

            • 27h. South Cuenca Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Conquense Meridional) (3819 km2)

        • IIbc. Castilian Subprovince (Subprovincia C astellana)

          • 28. Castilian Duero Sector (Sector C astellano D uriense)

            • 28a. Castilian Ribaduero District (Distrito Riberoduriense Castellano) (4880 km2)

            • 28b. Low Arlanza and Cerrato District (Distrito Bajoarlanzano-Cerrateño) (2560 km2)

            • 28c. Tierra of Campos District (Distrito Terracampino) (11,795 km2)

            • 28d. Tierras of Medina and Armuña District (Distrito Medinense-Armuñés) (2274 km2)

            • 28e. Burgos District (Distrito Burgalés) (1923 km2)

            • 28f. Tierra of Pinares and Low Adaja District (Distrito Terrapinariego-Bajoadajense) (2750 km2)

            • 28g. Tierra of Arévalo and Moraña District (Distrito Arevalense-Morañés) (4491 km2)

          • 29. Celtiberia and Alcarria Sector (Sector C eltibérico-A lcarreÑo)

            • 29a. Soria District (Distrito Soriano) (7009 km2)

            • 29b. High Arlanza and Covarrubias District (Distrito Altoarlanzano-Covarrubiense) (777 km2)

            • 29c. Segovia District (Distrito Segoviano) (1698 km2)

            • 29d. High Jalón District (Distrito Altojalonés) (2019 km2)

            • 29e. Molina District (Distrito Molinés) (2845 km2)

            • 29f. High Alcarria District (Distrito Altoalcarreño) (5655 km2)

            • 29g. Obispalía District (Distrito Obispaleño) (2966 km2)

          • 30. Mancha Sector (Sector M anchego)

            • 30a. Low Madrid District (Distrito Bajomatritense) (6201 km2)

            • 30b. Sagra District (Distrito Sagreño) (4782 km2)

            • 30c. Sanjuán Mancha District (Distrito Manchego Sanjuanés) (11,028 km2)

            • 30d. Calatrava District (Distrito Calatraveño) (3209 km2)

            • 30e. Montiel District (Distrito Montielense) (2501 km2)

            • 30f. Cuenca Mancha District (Distrito Manchego Conquense) (4526 km2)

            • 30g. Júcar Mancha District (Distrito Manchego Sucronense) (7213 km2)

            • 30h. Jumilla and Hellín District (Distrito Jumillano-Hellinense) (3567 km2)

            • 30i. Espuña Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Espuñense) (2762 km2)

      • IIc. West Iberian Mediterranean Province (Provincia M editerránea I bérica O ccidental)

        • IIca. Carpetania and León Subprovince (Subprovincia C arpetana-L eonesa)

          • 31. León plain Sector (Sector P lanileonés)

            • 31a. Valdavia District (Distrito Valdaviés) (1189 km2)

            • 31b. León Páramo District (Distrito Parameño Leonés) (4177 km2)

          • 32. Bierzo and Sanabria Sector (Sector B erciano-S anabrés)

            • 32a. Bierzo District (Distrito Berciano) (1451 km2)

            • 32b. Cabrera and Montes of León District (Distrito Cabreireño-Monteleonés) (1414 km2)

            • 32c. Zamora and Sanabria District (Distrito Zamorano-Sanabrés) (5825 km2)

            • 32d. Queixa Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Queixense) (2339 km2)

            • 32e. Maragatería District (Distrito Maragato) (2450 km2)

          • 33. Lusitanian Douro Sector (Sector L usitano D uriense)

            • 33a. Braganza District (Distrito Braganzano) (4041 km2)

            • 33b. Chaves and Verín District (Distrito Chavesano-Verinense) (3149 km2)

            • 33c. Terraquente District (Distrito Terraquentino) (1178 km2)

            • 33d. Vila Real District (Distrito Vilarrealeño) (1798 km2)

            • 33e. North Beira District (Distrito Beirense Septentrional) (1490 km2)

          • 34. Salamanca Sector (Sector S almantino)

            • 34a. Low Salamanca District (Distrito Bajosalmantino) (2984 km2)

            • 34b. Tormes District (Distrito Tormesino) (1982 km2)

            • 34c. High Salamanca District (Distrito Altosalmantino) (9787 km2)

            • 34d. Batuecas and Malcata Sierran District (Distrito Batueco-Serrano Malcateño) (1050 km2)

          • 35. Guadarrama Sierran Sector (Sector S errano G uadarrámico)

            • 35a. Ayllón Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Ayllonense) (2223 km2)

            • 35b. Riaza District (Distrito Riazano) (437 km2)

            • 35c. Ávila District (Distrito Abulense) (917 km2)

            • 35d. Corneja and Amblés District (Distrito Cornejano-Amblense) (1325 km2)

            • 35e. High Guadarrama District (Distrito Altoguadarrámico) (3274 km2)

            • 35f. High Madrid District (Distrito Altomatritense) (2313 km2)

            • 35g. Central Alberche District (Distrito Alberchense Central) (1100 km2)

          • 36. Bejar and Gredos Sierran Sector (Sector S errano B ejarano-G redense)

            • 36a. Ávila Paramera Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Parameño Abulense) (391 km2)

            • 36b. Serrota Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Serrotense) (576 km2)

            • 36c. East Gredos Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Gredense Oriental) (597 km2)

            • 36d. High Gredos Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Altogredense) (441 km2)

            • 36e. Tormantos Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Tormantino) (617 km2)

            • 36f. Béjar Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Bejarano) (412 km2)

        • IIcb. Lusitania And Extremadura Subprovince (Subprovincia L usa-E xtremadurense)

          • 37. Oretana Range and Tajo Sector (Sector C ordillerano O retano-T agano)

            • 37a. Talavera District (Distrito Talaverano) (4600 km2)

            • 37b. Vera District (Distrito Verato) (2695 km2)

            • 37c. Coria District (Distrito Coriano) (4321 km2)

            • 37d. Eastern Montes of Toledo District (Distrito Montitoledano Oriental) (3594 km2)

            • 37e. Villuercas Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Villuerquino) (1912 km2)

            • 37f. Cáceres Central District (Distrito Cacereño Central) (8804 km2)

            • 37g. São Mamede Sierran District (Distrito Serrano São Mamedano) (850 km2)

            • 37h. South Beira District (Distrito Beirense Meridional) (6687 km2)

            • 37i.  Zêzere District (Distrito Zezerense) (1306 km2)

          • 38. Mariánica Range Sector (Sector C ordillerano M ariánico)

            • 38a. East Mariánica District (Distrito Mariánico Oriental) (7508 km2)

            • 38b. Central Guadiana Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Centroguadianés) (5862 km2)

            • 38c. Pedroches and Alcudia District (Distrito Pedrocheño-Alcudiense) (11,352 km2)

            • 38d. Serena District (Distrito Sereniano) (8541 km2)

            • 38e. Llerena District (Distrito Llerenense) (5912 km2)

            • 38f. Tierra of Barros and Badajoz District (Distrito Terrabarroseño-Pacense) (4545 km2)

            • 38g. Aracena Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Aracenense) (3574 km2)

            • 38h. Andévalo District (Distrito Andevalense) (8021 km2)

            • 38i. Alentejo District (Distrito Alentejano) (19,765 km2)

      • IId. Murcia and AlmerÍa Province (Provincia M urciana-A lmeriense)

        • 39. alicante and Murcia Sector (Sector A licantino-M urciano)

          • 39a. Alicante District (Distrito Alicantino) (1783 km2)

          • 39b. North Murcia District (Distrito Murciano Septentrional) (1636 km2)

          • 39c. South Murcia District (Distrito Murciano Meridional) (3874 km2)

        • 40. AlmerÍa Sector (Sector A lmeriense)

          • 40a. East Almería District (Distrito Almeriense Oriental) (2974 km2)

          • 40b. Gata Cape District (Distrito Charidemo) (276 km2)

          • 40c. West Almería District (Distrito Almeriense Occidental) (2289 km2)

          • 40d. Alhamilla Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Alhamillense) (384 km2)

      • IIe. Bética Province (Provincia B ética)

        • 41. Subbética Sector (Sector S ubbético)

          • 41a. Alcaraz Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Alcaraceño) (1348 km2)

          • 41b. Murcia Subbética District (Distrito Subbético Murciano) (2535 km2)

          • 41c. Cazorla Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Cazorleño) (2020 km2)

          • 41d. Segura Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Segureño) (1501 km2)

          • 41e. Mágina Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Maginense) (1900 km2)

          • 41f. Southwest Jaén Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Giennense Suroccidental) (1785 km2)

          • 41g. Córdoba Subbetica District (Distrito Subbético Cordobés) (1816 km2)

        • 42. Hoyas of Guadix and Baza Sector (Sector H oyano A ccitano-B astitano)

          • 42a. Hoya of Guadix District (Distrito Hoyano Accitano) (1447 km2)

          • 42b. Hoya of Baza District (Distrito Hoyano Bastitano) (1390 km2)

          • 42c. María Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Mariense) (1177 km2)

          • 42d. Estancias Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Estanciano) (1210 km2)

          • 42e. Filabres Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Filábrico) (1052 km2)

          • 42f. Baza Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Bastitano) (1118 km2)

        • 43. Nevada Sierran Sector (Sector S errano N evadense)

          • 43a. East Nevada Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Nevadense Oriental) (665 km2)

          • 43b. High Nevada Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Altonevadense) (867 km2)

        • 44. Alpujarras and Gádor Sierran Sector (Sector A lpujarreÑo-S errano G adorense)

          • 44a. Gádor Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Gadorense) (635 km2)

          • 44b. Alpujarras District (Distrito Alpujarreño) (930 km2)

        • 45. Granada and Almijara sierran Sector (Sector G ranadino-S errano A lmijarense)

          • 45a. Vega of Granada District (Distrito Vegano Granadino) (1817 km2)

          • 45b. Alfacar Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Alfacarino) (609 km2)

          • 45c. Trevenque Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Trevenquino) (290 km2)

          • 45d. Almijara Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Almijarense) (929 km2)

          • 45e. Tejeda Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Tejedense) (565 km2)

          • 45f. Axarquía District (Distrito Axarquiense) (1038 km2)

        • 46. Ronda Sector (Sector R ondeÑo)

          • 46a. Antequera District (Distrito Antequerano) (2534 km2)

          • 46b. Ronda Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Arundense) (1724 km2)

          • 46c. Hoya of Málaga District (Distrito Hoyano Malagueño) (1685 km2)

          • 46d. Bermeja Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Bermejense) (372 km2)

        • 47. CampiÑa of guadalquivir Sector (Sector H ispalense)

          • 47a. High Campiña District (Distrito Altocampiñés) (4988 km2)

          • 47b. Low Campiña District (Distrito Bajocampiñés) (10,653 km2)

          • 47c. Aljarafe District (Distrito Aljarafeño) (1363 km2)

          • 47d. Jerez and Medina Sidonia District (Distrito Jerezano-Asidonense) (4572 km2)

      • IIf. Coastal Lusitania and west Andalusia Province (Provincia C ostera L usitana-A ndaluza occidental)

        • IIfa. Divisorio Portuguese Subprovince (Subprovincia D ivisoria P ortuguesa)

          • 48. Divisorio Portuguese Sector (Sector D ivisorio P ortugués)

            • 48a. Littoral Beira District (Distrito Beirense Litoral) (3031 km2)

            • 48b. West Beira District (Distrito Beirense Occidental) (4661 km2)

            • 48c. Estremadura and Coimbra District (Distrito Estremeño-Conimbricense) (5115 km2)

            • 48d. Berlengas Islands District (Distrito Insular Berlenguense) (1 km2)

            • 48e. Lisboa District (Distrito Ollisiponense) (1375 km2)

            • 48f. Sintra Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Sintrano) (129 km2)

        • IIfb. Cádiz and Sado Subprovince (Subprovincia G aditana-S adense)

          • 49. Ribatejo and Sado Sector (Sector R ibatagano-S adense)

            • 49a. Ribatejo District (Distrito Ribatagano) (7494 km2)

            • 49b. Arrabida Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Arrabidense) (128 km2)

            • 49c. Sado District (Distrito Sadense) (4273 km2)

          • 50. Algarve and Monchique Sector (Sector A lgárvico-M onchiquense)

            • 50a. Algarve District (Distrito Algárvico) (1604 km2)

            • 50b. San Vicente Cape District (Distrito Promontorio Vicentino) (2 km2)

            • 50c. San Vicente Coastal District (Distrito Costero Vicentino) (450 km2)

            • 50d. Monchique Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Monchiquense) (5331 km2)

          • 51. Cádiz and Littoral Huelva Sector (Sector G aditano-O nubense L itoral)

            • 51a. Littoral Huelva District (Distrito Onubense Litoral) (2218 km2)

            • 51b. Marismas District (Distrito Marismeño) (1763 km2)

            • 51c. Littoral Cádiz District (Distrito Gaditano Litoral) (685 km2)

          • 52. algeciras and Aljibe Sector (Sector A lgecireÑo -A ljíbico)

            • 52a. Aljibe Sierran District (Distrito Serrano Aljíbico) (1389 km2)

            • 52b. Algeciras and Genal River District (Distrito Algecireño-Genalense) (956 km2)

            • 52c. Marbella District (Distrito Marbellí) (332 km2)

4 Provincial Biogeographic Units and Their Realtionships with the Vegetation Series at Sector Level

A total of 8 provinces have been recognized in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands in the biogeographic typology given above. The sectors and biogeographic districts belonging to each province are shown.

Province by province, we show their sectors and list their potential natural vegetation units. For each unit of potential natural vegetation we indicate whether it is climatophilous, xerophilous, climato-temporihygrophilous, hygrophylous or whether it is a geopermaseries, as well as some specific or edaphic characteristic. (● presence, – absence).

The geographic positions of districts are clearly shown in the maps of provinces and subprovinces.

Biogeographic Typology of the Pyrenean Province at Sector Level (Figs. 5.4 and 5.5)

  • Ia. P yrenean Province (Provincia P irenaica )

    • Iaa. East Pyrenean Subprovince (Subprovincia P irenaica oriental)

      • 1. East Pyrenean Sector (Sector P irenaico O riental)

    • Iab. Central Pyrenean Subprovince (Subprovincia P irenaica central)

      • 2. Central Pyrenean Sector (Sector P irenaico C entral)

      • 3. West Pyrenean Sector (Sector P irenaico occidental)

    • Iac. Aragón Prepyrenean Subprovince (Subprovincia P repirenaica A ragonesa)

      • 4. Aragón Prepyrenean Sector (Sector P repirenaico A ragonés)

      Fig. 5.4
      figure 4

      Biogeographic map of the Pyrenean Province at sector level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.5
      figure 5

      Biogeographic map of the Pyrenean Province at district level

      Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the Pyrenean Province

Pyrenean province

1

2

3

4

Climatophilous sigmeta

Veronico officinalis-Pino pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Buxo sempervirentis-Abieti albae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Geranio nodosi-Fago sylvaticae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Lathyro linifolii-Querco petraeae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Polygalo calcareae-Pino catalaunicae S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

○

Galio rotundifolii-Pino pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

Teucrio pyrenaici-Pino pyrenaicae S. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

Pulmonario affinis-Abieti albae S. (sligth acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

Lysimachio nemorum-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

Festuco altissimae-Abieti albae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

Emero majoris-Abieti albae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

●

–

Goodyero repentis-Pino pyrenaicae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

Pulmonario longifoliae-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

Roso arvensis-Querco pubescentis S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

Echinosparto horridi-Pino pyrenaicae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

Pino uncinato-pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

Buxo sempervirentis-Querco subpyrenaicae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

Pulsatillo fontqueri-Pino uncinatae S. (neutro-basophilous)

●

–

–

●

Prunello hastifoliae-Querco petraeae S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

Luzulo nivae-Fago sylvaticae S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

Rhododendro ferruginei-Abieti albae S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

Arctostaphylo uvaeursi-Pino uncinatae S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

Rhododendro ferruginei-Pino uncinatae S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

Sorbo aucupariae-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

–

●

–

Goodyero repentis-Abieti albae S.(acidophilous)

–

●

●

–

Pteridio aquilini-Querco pubescentis S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

●

–

●

Helleboro occidentalis-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

●

–

●

Scillo liliohyacinthi-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

●

●

●

Buxo sempervirentis-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutrophilous)

●

●

●

●

Buxo sempervirentis-Querco pubescentis S. (basophilous)

●

●

●

●

Roso pendulinae-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

●

●

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Carici basilaris-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Buxo sempervirentis-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

Asplenio onopteridis-Querco ilicis S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

●

Xerophilous sigmeta

Astragalo salvatoris-Junipero macrocarpae S. (littoral)

●

–

–

–

Asplenio adiantinigri-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Buxo sempervirentis-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

Lonicero xylostei-Pino salzmannii S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

–

–

●

Daphno laureolae-Querco ilicis S. (basophilous)

●

●

–

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous sigmeta

Doronico pardalianchis-Fraxino excelsioris S. (neutrofila)

●

–

–

–

Poo nemoralis-Tilio platyphylli S. (colluvio basophilous)

–

–

●

–

Brachypodio sylvatici-Fraxino excelsioris S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

●

–

Isopyro thalictroidis-Querco roboris S. (neutrophilous)

●

●

●

–

Climato-temporihygrophilous and hygrophilous sigmeta & geosigmeta

Aceri opali-Querco petraeae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Hyperico androsaemi-Ulmo glabrae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

●

–

Violo mirabilis-Ulmo glabrae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

●

Roso pendulinae-Acero pseudoplatani S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

Lamio flexuosi-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

Carici pendulae-Salici atrocinereae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

Carici pendulae-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

Lithospermo purpureocaerulei-Ulmo minoris Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

–

–

–

Rusco aculeati-Fraxino angustifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

Salici atrocinereo-daphnoidis Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

–

–

–

Salici angustifolio-daphnoidis Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

Agrostio stoloniferae-Myricario germanicae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

Equiseto hyemalis-Alno glutinosae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

–

–

Lathraeo clandestinae-Populo nigrae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

●

●

Veratro albi-Salici bicoloris Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

●

●

Salici lambertiano-angustifoliae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

●

Betulo meridionalis-Salici albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

●

Permasigmeta and geopermasigmeta

Armerio ruscinonensis Ps. (rock littoral)

●

–

–

–

Hieracio breviscapi-Festucoairoidis Gps. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Oxytropido halleri-Kobresio myosuroidis Gps.(basophilous)

●

–

–

–

Saxifrago bryoidis-Minuartio sedoidis Gps. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

Oreochloo blankae-Carici curvulae Gps. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

Oxytropido foucaudii-Kobresio myosuroidis Gps. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

Minuartio cerastiifoliae-Androsaco ciliatae Gps. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

Minuartio sedoidis-Androsaco ciliatae Gps. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

  1. 1. East Pyrenean Sector, 2. Central Pyrenean Sector, 3. West Pyrenean Sector, 4. Prepyrenean Sector

Biogeographic Typology of the European Atlantic Province at Sector Level (Figs. 5.6 and 5.7)

  • Ib. E uropean A tlantic Province (Provincia A tlÁntica E uropea )

    • Iba. Cantabrian atlantic Subprovince (Subprovincia C antabroatlántica)

      • 5. Cantabrian and Basque Sector (Sector C ántabro-V ascónico)

      • 6. North galicia and Asturias Sector (Sector G alaico septentrional-A sturiano)

      • 7. Galicia and north Portugal Sector (Sector G alaico-P ortugués septentrional)

    • Ibb. Orocantabrian Subprovince (Subprovincia O rocantábrica)

      • 8. High Campoo and Carrión Sector (Sector A ltocampurriano-C arrionés)

      • 9. Picos of europa and Ubiña Sector (Sector P icoeuropeano-U biñense)

      • 10. Laciana and Ancares Sector (Sector L acianiego-A ncarense)

    • Ibc. Atlantic Orolusitania Subprovince (Subprovincia O rolusitana A tlántica)

      • 11. North lusitania Sierran Sector (Sector S errano N orlusitano)

      • 12. Montemuro and Estrela Sierras Sector (Sector S errano M ontemuro -E strelense)

      Fig. 5.6
      figure 6

      Biogeographic map of the European Atlantic Province at sector level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.7
      figure 7

      Biogeographic map of the European Atlantic Province at district level

      Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the European Atlantic Province

European Atlantic province

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Climatophilous sigmeta

Saxifrago hirsutae-Fago sylvaticae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hyperico pulchri-Querco roboris S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Pulmonario longifoliae-Querco petraeae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Pulmonario longifoliae-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Roso arvensis-Querco pubescentis S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melampyro pratensis-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Blechno spicant-Querco roboris S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Viburno tini-Querco roboris S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Rusco aculeati-Querco roboris S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Lonicero periclymeni-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Lithodoro diffusae-Junipero sabinae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Junipero sabino-orocantabrica S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Carici sylvaticae-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Vaccinio myrtilli-Pino ibericae S. (acidophilous, relic)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Vaccinio myrtilli-Junipero alpinae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Omphalodo nitidae-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutro-acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Eryngio juresiani-Betulo celtibericae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Vaccinio myrtilli-Querco roboris S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Lycoposdio clavati-Junipero alpinae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Holco mollis-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Saxifrago spathularis-Fago sylvaticae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

Carici caudatae-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutrophilous)

–

●

–

–

●

–

–

–

Daphno cantabricae-Arctostaphylo uvaeursi S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

Blechno spicant-Fago sylvaticae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

Vaccinio microphylli-Junipero alpinae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

Linario triornithophorae-Querco petraeae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

Luzulo henriquesii-Querco petraeae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

Linario triornithophorae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

Avenello ibericae-Fago sylvaticae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

Saniculo europaeae-Ilici aquifolii S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

Avenello ibericae-Querco orocantabricae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

●

–

Luzulo henriquesii-Betulo celtibericae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

Epipactido helleborines-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

Climato-temporihygrophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Spiraeo obovatae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Physospermo cornubiensis-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Cephalanthero longifoliae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Berberido cantabricae-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Genisto falcatae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

●

–

–

Xerophilous sigmeta

Teucrio salviastri-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Lithodoro diffusae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Teucrio salviastri-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

●

Lauro nobilis-Querco ilicis S. (basophilous)

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Climato-temporihygrophilous sigmeta

Crataego laevigatae-Querco roboris S. (neutro-basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmo glabrae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Omphalodo nitidae-Fraxino angustifoliae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Calluno vulgaris-Rhododendro pontici S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Hyperico androsaemi-Querco roboris S. (neutro-acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Helleboro occidentalis-Tilio cordatae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Luzulo henriquesii-Pruno lusitanicae S.

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Frangulo alni-Pruno lusitanicae S.

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Polysticho setiferi-Fraxino excelsioris S. (neutrophilous)

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Climato-temporihygrophilous and hygrophilous sigmeta & geosigmeta

Hyperico androsaemi-Ulmo glabrae S. (neutrophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Luzulo henriquesii-Acero pseudoplatani S. (neutro-acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

Viburno lantanae-Ulmo minoris Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Humulo lupuli-Alno glutinosae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Lonicero xylostei-Alno glutinosae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hedero hibernicae-Fraxino angustifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Senecioni bayonnensis-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Holoschoeno vulgaris-Salici arenariae Ps. (psammophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Carici reuterianae-Betulo celtibericae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Salici lambertiano-salviifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Salici angustifolio-albae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hyperico androsaemi-Alno glutinosae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Salici salviifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

Valeriano pyrenaicae-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

●

–

–

–

●

–

–

Salici cantabrico-bicoloris Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

Salici cantabricae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

Salici cantabrico-albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

Euphorbio hybernae-Fraxino excelsioris Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

Festuco giganteae-Fraxino excelsioris Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

Geopermasigmeta

Spergulario rupicolae-Armerio depilatae Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Junco trifidi-Oreochloo blankae Gps. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Oxytropido neglectae-Kobresio myosuroidis Gps. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Leucanthemo crassifolii-Festuco pruinosae Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Puccinellio maritimae-Sarcocornio perennis Gps. (halophilous mareal)

●

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

Otantho maritimi-Ammophilo australis Gps. (coastal dune)

●

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

Crithmo maritimi-Armerio pubigerae Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

Oxytropido neglecto-halleri Gps. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

Teesdaliopsio confertae-Festuco eskiae Gps. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

  1. 5. Cantabrian and Basque Sector, 6. North Galicia and Asturias Sector, 7. Galicia and North Portugal Sector, 8. High Campoo and Carrión Sector, 9. Picos of Europa and Ubiña Sector, 10. Laciana and Ancares Sector, 11. North Lusitania Sierran Sector, 12. Montemuro and Estrela Sierran Sector

Biogeographic Typology of the Valencia-Provençe and Balearic Province at Sector Level

  • IIa. V alencia -P rovençe and B alearic Province ( Provincia V alenciana-P rovenzal-B alear) (Figs. 5.8, 5.9 and 5.10)

    • IIaa. Catalonian and Provençe Subprovince (Subprovincia C atalana-P rovenzal)

      • 16. East Catalonian Sector (Sector C atalán O riental)

    • IIab. Valencia Subprovince (Subprovincia V alenciana)

      • 17. Valencia and Tarragona Sector (Sector V alenciano-T arraconense)

      • 18. Játiva Sector (Sector S etabense)

    • IIac. Balearic Islands Subprovince (Subprovincia B alear)

      • 19. Menorca Sector (Sector M enorquín)

      • 20. Mallorca Sector (Sector M allorquín)

      • 21. Pitiusas Sector (Sector P itiúsico)

      Fig. 5.8
      figure 8

      Biogeographic map of the Valencia-Provençe and Balearic Province at sector level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.9
      figure 9

      Biogeographic map of the Valencia-Provençe and Balearic Province at district level (Catalonian and Provençe subprovince and Valencia subprovince)

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.10
      figure 10

      Biogeographic map of the Valencia-Provençe and Balearic Province at district level (Balearic Isalnds subprovince)

      Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the Valencia-Provençe and Balearic province

Valencia-Provençe and Balearic province

16

17

18

19

20

21

Climatophilous sigmeta

Carici depauperatae-Querco pubescentis S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Primulo acaulis-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutrophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Violo willkommii-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Telino patentis-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Cephalanthero rubrae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Fraxino orni-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

Viburno tini-Fraxino orni S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

Primulo balearicae-Acero granatensis S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Cneoro tricocci-Ceratonio siliquae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Viburno tini-Querco ilicis S. (basophilous)

●

●

●

–

–

–

Asplenio onopteridis-Querco suberis S. (basophilous)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Climatophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Arbuto unedonis-Pino halepensis S. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Asplenio onopteridis-Querco ilicis S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Prasio majoris-Oleo sylvestris S. (basophilous on leptosols)

–

–

–

●

–

–

Carici bracteosae-Querco ilicis S. (acidophilous, basophilous and dolomite)

–

–

–

●

–

–

Clematido cirrhosae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous and dolomite)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Cyclamini balearici-Querco ilicis S. (basophilous and dolomite)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Cneoro tricocci-Pistacio lentisci S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

Pistacio lentisci-Pino halepensis S. (basophilous)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Hedero helicis-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Rubio longifoliae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Xerophilous sigmeta

Daphno laureolae-Querco ilicis S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Buxo sempervirentis-Pino catalaunicae S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Telino patentis-Pino salzmannii S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Phillyreo angustifoliae-Rhamno angustifolii S. (psammophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Arctostaphylo crassifoliae-Pino catalaunicae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Chamaeropo humilis-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

Aro sagittifolii-Phillyreo rodriguezii S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

–

–

Rubio longifoliae-Junipero macrocarpae S. (psammophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Genisto majoricae-Buxo balearicae S. (calco-dolomític)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Rhamno ludovicisalvatoris-Junipero turbinatae S. (dolomite)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Buxo sempervirentis-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous)

●

●

–

–

–

–

Junipero turbinatae S. (coastal dune)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Rhamno infectorii-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Junipero turbinatae-Pino halepensis S. (basophilous & calco-dolomitic)

–

–

●

●

–

–

Clematido balearicae-Junipero turbinatae S. (coastal dune)

–

–

–

●

●

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous sigmeta

Carici depressae-Querco canariensis S. (neutro-acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Carici basilaris-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

Lamio flexuosi-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Carici pendulae-Salici atrocinereae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Lithospermo purpureocaerulei-Ulmo minoris Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Carici pendulae-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

Erico erigenae-Salici pedicellatae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

●

–

–

–

Vinco difformis-Fraxino angustifoliae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Vinco difformis-Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Coriario myrtifoliae-Salici angustifoliae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Saccharo ravennae-Tamarici canariensis Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

●

●

–

–

–

Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

–

–

–

Saponario officinalis-Salici lambertianae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

–

–

–

Hedero helicis-Ulmo minoris Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

–

–

–

Geopermasigmeta

Crithmo maritimi-Limonio dufourii Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Crithmo maritimi-Limonio girardiani Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

●

–

–

–

–

Crithmo maritimi-Limonio rigualii Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

●

–

–

–

Limonio minuto-fontqueri Gps. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

–

–

Limonio atruchio-minuti Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

–

●

–

–

Limonio caprariensis Gps (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Crithmo maritimi-Limonio balearici Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Limonio pseudodictyoclado-carregadorensis Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

–

–

●

–

Limonio pseudebusitani Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

–

–

–

●

Medicagini marinae-Ammophilo arundinaceae Gps. (coastal dune)

●

●

●

●

●

●

Limonio bellidifolii-Sarcocornio fruticosae Gps. (halophilous)

●

●

●

●

●

●

  1. 16. East Catalonian Sector, 17. Valencia and Tarragona Sector, 18. Játiva Sector, 19. Menorca Sector, 20. Mallorca Sector, 21. Pitiusas Sector

Biogeographic Typology of the Central Iberian Mediterranean Province at Sector Level (Figs. 5.11, 5.12, 5.13 and 5.14)

  • IIb. C entral I berian M editerranean Province (Provincia M editerrÁnea I bÉrica C entral )

    • IIba. Low Aragón and high ebro Subprovince (Subprovincia B ajoaragonesa -A ltoebrense)

      • 22. Somontano Sector (Sector S omontano)

      • 23. Bardenas and Monegros Sector (Sector B ardenero-M onegrino)

      • 24. Rioja and Estella Sector (Sector R iojano-E stellés)

      • 25. Cantabrian Castilian Sector (Sector C astellano C antábrico)

    • IIbb. Oroiberian Subprovince (Subprovincia O roibérica)

      • 26. North Oroiberian Sierran Sector (Sector S errano O roibérico S eptentrional)

      • 27. South Oroiberian Sector (Sector O roibérico M eridional)

    • IIbc. Castilian Subprovince (Subprovincia C astellana)

      • 28. Castilian Duero Sector (Sector C astellano D uriense)

      • 29. Celtiberia and Alcarria Sector (Sector C eltibérico-A lcarreño)

      • 30. Mancha Sector (Sector M anchego)

      Fig. 5.11
      figure 11

      Biogeographic map of the Central Iberian Mediterranean Province at sector level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.12
      figure 12

      Biogeographic map of the Central Iberian Mediterranean Province (Low Aragon and High Ebro) at district level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.13
      figure 13

      Biogeographic map of the Central Iberian Mediterranean Province (Castilian subprovince) at district level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.14
      figure 14

      Biogeographic map of the Central Iberian Mediterranean Province (Oroiberian subprovince) at district level

      Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the Central Iberian Mediterranean Province

Central Iberian Mediterranean province

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Climatophilous sigmeta

Violo willkommii-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vaccinio myrtilli-Pino ibericae S. (acidophilous, relic)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Carici sylvaticae-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Avenello ibericae-Pino uncinatae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Galio rotundifolii-Fago sylvaticae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Vaccinio myrtilli-Junipero alpinae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Saniculo europaeae-Ilici aquifolii S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Junipero sabinae-Pino ibericae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Ononido aragonensis-Pino ibericae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Junipero sabinae-Pino uncinatae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Calluno vulgaris-Pino ibericae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Sileno melliferae-Querco faginae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Asparago acutifolii-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Galio odorati-Querco petraeae S. (acidophilous, relic)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

–

Melico uniflorae-Betulo celtibericae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

–

Junipero hemisphaerico-thuriferae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

–

Epipactido helleborines-Fago sylvaticae S. (neutrophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

–

Cephalanthero rubrae-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

●

Luzulo forsteri-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

●

–

Climatophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Junipero phoeniceo-thuriferae S. (calc- gypsophila)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Arbuto unedonis-Pino halepensis S. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ephedro nebrodensis-Junipero sabinae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Teucrio scorodoniae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Junipero thuriferae-Pino latisquamae S. (basophilous, calco-dolomitic)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Querco cocciferae-Pino halepensis S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Rhamno lycioidis-Querco cocciferae S. (basophilous)

●

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Querco rotundifoliae S.(basophilous)

●

●

●

–

●

–

–

–

–

Spiraeo obovatae-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

Junipero thuriferae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

●

●

Xerophilous sigmeta

Rhamno lycioidis-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

●

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous & hygrophilous sigmeta & geosigmeta

Buxo sempervirentis-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Aceri campestris Fraxino excelsioris S. (neutro-acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

Viburno lantanae-Ulmo minoris Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Rubo lainzii-Salici atrocinereae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Astrantio majoris-Corylo avellanae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Erico erigenae-Salici pedicellatae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Rubio longifoliae-Nerio oleandri Gs. (very hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Humulo lupuli-Alno glutinosae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

Populo nigrae-Salici neotrichae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

Aro cylindracei-Ulmo minoris Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

Salici salviifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

–

Salici lambertiano-albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

–

–

Rubio tinctorum-Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

–

–

–

–

●

●

Salici neotrichae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

–

–

–

–

●

●

Opopanaco chironium-Ulmo minoris Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Salici discoloro-angustifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Tamarici canariensis Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Suaedo braunblanquetii-Tamarici boveanae Gs. (halophilous)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Suaedo braunblanquetii-Tamarici canariensis Gs. (halophilous)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Geopermasigmeta

Antennario dioicae-Festuco curvifoliae Gps. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Armerio microcephalae-Festuco aragonensis Gps. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Suaedo braunblanquetii Gps. (halophilous)

●

●

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Puccinellio caespitosae-Sauedo braunblanquetii Gps. (halophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

●

  1. 22. Somontano Sector, 23. Bardenas and Monegros Sector, 24. Rioja and Estella Sector, 25. Cantabrian Castilian Sector, 26. North Oroiberian Sierran Sector, 27. South Oroiberian Sector, 28. Castilian Duero Sector, 29. Celtiberia and Alcarria Sector, 30. Mancha Sector

Biogeographic Typology of the West Iberian Mediterranean Province at Sector Level (Figs. 5.15, 5.16 and 5.17)

  • IIc. W est I berian M editerranean Province (Provincia M editerrÁnea I bÉrica O ccidental )

    • IIca. Carpetania and León Subprovince (Subprovincia C arpetana-L eonesa)

      • 31. León Plain Sector (Sector P lanileonés)

      • 32. Bierzo and Sanabria Sector (Sector B erciano-S anabrés)

      • 33. Lusitanian Douro Sector (Sector L usitano D uriense)

      • 34. Salamanca Sector (Sector S almantino.)

      • 35. Guadarrama Sierran Sector (Sector S errano G uadarrámico)

      • 36. Bejar and Gredos Sierras Sector (Sector S errano B ejarano-G redense)

    • IIcb. Lusitania And Extremadura Subprovince (Subprovincia L usa-E xtremadurense)

      • 37. Oretana Range and Tajo Sector (Sector C ordillerano O retano-T agano)

      • 38. Mariánica Range Sector (Sector C ordillerano M ariánico)

      Fig. 5.15
      figure 15

      Biogeographic map of the West Iberian Mediterranean Province at sector level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.16
      figure 16

      Biogeographic map of the West Iberian Mediterranean Province (Carpetanian and León subprovince) at district level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.17
      figure 17

      Biogeographic map of the West Iberian Mediterranean Province (Lusitania and Extremadura subprovince) at district level

      Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the West Iberian Mediterranean province

West Iberian Mediterranean province

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

Climatophilous sigmeta

Vaccinio myrtilli-Junipero alpinae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Avenello ibericae-Querco orocantabricae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Luzulo henriquesii-Betulo celtibericae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Genisto sanabrensis-Junipero alpinae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Genisto falcatae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Junipero lagunae-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Hedero hibernicae-Querco fagineae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Galio odorati-Querco petraeae S. (acidophilous, relic)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Luzulo forsteri-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Melico uniflorae-Betulo celtibericae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Avenello ibericae-Pino ibericae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Festuco merinoi-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Smilaco asperae-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Asparago aphylli-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Lavandulo viridis-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Doronico plantaginei-Querco canariensis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Sanguisorbo hybridae-Querco broteroi S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Arisaro sinorrhini-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Pulmonario longifoliae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Pyro bourgaeanae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

●

–

–

–

–

Holco mollis-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

●

–

–

–

–

Pteridio aquilini-Pino ibericae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

Avenello ibericae-Junipero alpinae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

Asparago albi-Oleo sylvestris S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Sorbo torminalis-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Arbuto unedonis-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Sanguisorbo hybridae-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Rhamno fontquerani-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Pistacio terebinthi-Querco broteroi S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Climatophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Junipero lagunae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Genisto hystricis-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous, relic)

–

●

●

●

–

–

–

–

Pyro bourgaeanae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Xerophilous sigmeta

Rusco aculeati-Junipero lagunae S. (acidophilous, relic)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Festuco merinoi-Junipero lagunae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Cytiso eriocarpi-Junipero lagunae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Phlomido purpureae-Junipero turbinatae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Phlomido purpureae-Pistacio lentisci S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous sigmeta

Clematido campaniflorae-Celtido australis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Fraxino angustifoliae-Acero monspessulani S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Frangulo alni-Pruno lusitanicae S.

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Campanulo primulifoliae-Rhododendro pontici S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Euphorbio monchiquensis-Querco canariensis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Pyro bourgaeanae-Querco broteroi S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Oennatho crocatae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous and hygrophilous sigmeta & geosigmeta

Paeonio broteri-Abieti pinsapo S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

Salici salviifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Nerio oleandri-Salici pedicellatae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Campanulo primulifoliae-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Irido foetidissimae-Fraxino angustifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Aro cylindracei-Ulmo minoris Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

–

●

–

–

–

–

Populo nigrae-Salici neotrichae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

–

●

–

–

–

–

Rubo lainzii-Salici atrocinereae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

●

–

●

●

●

–

–

Salici lambertiano-salviifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

●

●

–

Galio broteriani-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

●

●

●

●

–

–

Querco pyrenaicae-Fraxino angustifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

●

●

●

●

–

–

Salici atrocinereae-Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Salici atrocinereo-australis Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Pyro bourgaeanae-Flueggeo tinctoriae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

●

Geopermasigmeta

Teesdaliopsio confertae-Festuco summilusitanae Gps. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hieracio myriadeni-Festuco carpetanae Gps.(acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Agrostio rupestris-Armerio bigerrensis Gps. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

  1. 31. León Plain Sector, 32. Bierzo and Sanabria Sector, 33. Lusitanian Douro Sector, 34. Salamanca Sector, 35. Guadarrama Sierran Sector, 36. Béjar and Gredos Sierran Sector, 37. Oretana Range and Tajo Sector, 38. Mariánica Range Sector

Biogeographic Typology of the Murcia and Almería Province at Sector Level (Figs. 5.18 and 5.19)

  • IId. M urcia and A lmería Province (Provincia M urciana-A lmeriense )

    • 39. alicante and Murcia Sector (Sector A licantino-M urciano)

    • 40. Almería Sector (Sector A lmeriense)

    Fig. 5.18
    figure 18

    Biogeographic map of the Murcia and Almería province at sector level

    Full size image
    Fig. 5.19
    figure 19

    Biogeographic map of the Murcia and Almería Province at district level

    Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the Murcia and Almería province

Murcia and Almería province

39

40

Climatophilous sigmeta

Zizipho loti S. (psammophilous)

–

●

Zizipho loti-Mayteno europaei S. (basophilous)

–

●

Mayteno europaei-Periploco angustifoliae S. (basophilous)

–

●

Chamaeropo humilis-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous)

●

●

Climatophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

 

Rhamno capillaris-Periploco angustifoliae S. (basophilous)

●

–

Arisaro simorrhini-Tetraclinido articulatae S. (basophilous)

–

●

Chamaeropo humilis-Rhamno lycioidis S. (basophilous)

●

●

Querco cocciferae-Pino halepensis S. (basophilous)

●

●

Xerophilous sigmeta

 

Coremato albi-Junipero macrocarpae (relict dune)

●

–

Rhamno angustifolii-Junipero turbinatae S. (dune)

●

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous sigmeta

 

Rubio longifoliae-Nerio oleandri S. (very hard freshwater)

●

●

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

 

Zizipho loti-Nerio oleandri Gs. (very hard freshwater)

–

●

Lonicero biflorae-Populo albae Gs.

●

●

Geopermasigmeta

 

Limonio cossoniani-Lycio intricati Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

●

●

Frankenio corymbosae-Arthrocnemo macrostachyi Gps. (halophilous littoral)

●

●

Cistancho phelypaeae-Sarcocornio fruticosae Gps. (halophilous)

●

●

Loto cretici-Ammophilo australis Gps. (coastal dune)

●

●

  1. 39. Alicante and Murcia Sector, 40. Almería Sector

Biogeographic Typology of the Bética Province at Sector Level (Figs. 5.20 and 5.21)

  • IIe. B ética Province (Provincia B Ética )

    • 41. Subbética Sector (Sector S ubbético)

    • 42. Hoyas of Guadix and Baza Sector (Sector H oyano A ccitano-B astitano)

    • 43. Nevada Sierran Sector (Sector S errano N evadense)

    • 44. Alpujarras and Gádor Sierran Sector (Sector A lpujarreño-S errano G adorense)

    • 45. Granada and Almijara sierran Sector (Sector G ranadino-S errano A lmijarense)

    • 46. Ronda Sector (Sector R ondeño)

    • 47. Campiña of guadalquivir Sector (Sector H ispalense)

    Fig. 5.20
    figure 20

    Biogeographic map of the Bética Province at sector level

    Full size image
    Fig. 5.21
    figure 21

    Biogeographic map of the Bética Province at district level

    Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the Bética Province

Bética province

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

Climatophilous sigmeta

Junipero sabinae-Pino latisquamae S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Berberido hispanicae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Adenocarpo decorticantis-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

●

–

–

Adenocarpo decorticantis-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

Oleo sylvestris-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

Adenocarpo decorticantis-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous)

–

●

●

●

●

●

–

Rhamno infectorii-Junipero sabinae S. (basophilous, calco-dolomitic)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Berberido hispanicae-Querco alpestris S. (basophilous, calco-dolomitic)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Aro neglecti-Oleo sylvestris S. (vertic soils)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Climatophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Junipero phoeniceae-Pino latisquamae S. (calco-dolomitic)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Berberido hispanicae-Junipero thuriferae S. (basophilous and calco-dolomitic)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ephedro fragilis-Pino halepensis S. (basophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Genisto versicoloris-Cytiso nevadensis S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Rhamno almeriensis-Pino halepensis S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

–

–

●

–

–

–

Mayteno europaei-Oleo sylvestris S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Bunio macucae-Abieti pinsapo S. (ultramafic)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Querco cocciferae-Pino acutisquamae S. (ultramafic)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Daphno hispanicae-Pino nevadensis S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

●

–

–

●

–

–

Rhamno oleoidis-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous, calco-dolomitic)

–

–

–

●

●

●

●

Pino acutisquamae S. (dolopsammophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

Paeonio coriaceae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Berberido hispanicae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous, calco-dolomitic)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Xerophilous sigmeta

Rhamno lycioidis-Pino halepensis S. (calco-dolomitic)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Berberido hispanicae-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous & calco-dolomitic)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Chamaeropo humilis-Junipero phoeniceae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

Cneoro tricocci-Buxo balearicae S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Rhamno myrtifolii-Junipero phoeniceae S. (dolomite and dolopsammophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

Asparago horridi-Junipero turbinatae S. (calco-dolomitic)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Vinco difformis-Ceratonio siliquae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

●

–

Climato-temporihygrophilous sigmeta

Viburno tini-Querco alpestris S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

–

–

Oleo sylvestris-Querco alpestris S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Daphno latifoliae-Acero granatensis S. (basophilous)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

Limonio delicatuli-Nerio oleandri Gs. (halophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

–

–

Aceri granatensis-Fraxino angustifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Carici camposii-Salici atrocinereae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Erico terminalis-Salici angustifoliae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

●

–

–

Crataego brevispinae-Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

–

–

●

Crataego granatensis-Salici neotrichae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

–

–

–

●

Galio viridiflori-Salici pedicellatae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

Erico terminalis-Nerio oleandri Gs. (hard freshwater, serpentinícola)

–

–

–

●

●

–

–

Dorycnio recti-Salici pedicellatae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

●

●

–

Salici pedicellatae-Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

Nerio oleandri-Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Biaro carratracensis-Ulmo minoris Gs. (hard freshwater)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Suaedo braunblanquetii-Tamarici canariensis Gs. (lacustrine, halophilic)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Geopermasigmeta

Erigeronto frigidi-Festuco clementei Gps. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

–

–

Crithmo maritimi-Limonio malacitani Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

Cistancho phelypaeae-Sarcocornio fruticosae Gps. (halophilous)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

Loto cretici-Ammophilo australis Gps. (coastal dune)

–

–

–

●

●

●

–

  1. 41. Subbético Sector, 42. Hoyas of Guadix and Baza Sector, 43. Nevada Sierran Sector, 44. Alpujarras and Gádor Sierran Sector, 45. Granada and Almijara Sierran Sector, 46. Ronda Sector, 47. Campiña of Guadalquivir Sector

Biogeographic Typology of the Lusitania and West Andalusia Coastal Province at Sector Level (Figs. 5.22 and 5.23)

  • IIf. A ndalusia and west L usitania C oastal Province (Provincia C ostera L usitana-A ndaluza occidental )

    • IIfa. Divisorio Portuguese Subprovince (Subprovincia D ivisoria P ortuguesa)

      • 48. Divisorio Portuguese Sector (Sector D ivisorio P ortugués)

    • IIfb. Cádiz and Sado Subprovince (Subprovincia G aditana-S adense)

      • 49. Ribatejo and Sado Sector (Sector R ibatagano-S adense)

      • 50. Algarve and Monchique Sector (Sector A lgárvico-M onchiquense)

      • 51. Cádiz and Littoral Huelva Sector (Sector G aditano-O nubense L itoral)

      • 52. Aljibe Sector (Sector A ljíbico) (Figs. 5.22 and 5.23)

      Fig. 5.22
      figure 22

      Biogeographic map of the Lusitania and West Andalusia Coastal Province at sector level

      Full size image
      Fig. 5.23
      figure 23

      Biogeographic map of the Lusitania and West Andalusia Coastal Province at district level

      Full size image

Sigmeta, geosigmeta and geopermasigmeta of the biogeographic sectors in the Lusitania and West Andalusia Coastal Province

Lusitania and West Andalusia Coastal province

48

49

50

51

52

Climatophilous sigmeta

Sanguisorbo hybridae-Querco broteroir S. (acidophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

Asparago aphylli-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

Lavandulo viridis-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

Querco alpestris-broteroi S. (basophilous, relic)

–

–

●

–

–

Oleo sylvestris-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

●

–

Luzulo baeticae-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

Teucrio baetici-Querco suberis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

Viburno tini-Oleo sylvestris S. (basophilous)

●

●

–

–

–

Arisaro sinorrhini-Querco broteroi S. (basophilous)

●

●

–

–

–

Viburno tini-Querco rivas-martinezii S. (basophilous)

●

●

●

–

–

Arisaro sinorrhini-Querco pyrenaicae S. (acidophilous)

●

●

●

–

–

Climatophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Daphno gnidi-Junipero navicularis S. (acidophilous)

–

●

–

–

–

Aristolochio baeticae-Junipero turbinatae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

Rhamno oleoidis-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous, calco-dolomitic)

–

–

●

–

–

Xerophilous sigmeta

Lonicero implexae-Querco rotundifoliae S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

Querco cocciferae-airensis S.

●

–

–

–

–

Vinco difformis-Lauro nobilis S. (basophilous)

●

–

–

–

–

Phlomido purpureae-Junipero turbinatae S. (basophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

Ulici argentei-Querco rotundifoliae S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

Vinco difformis-Ceratonio siliquae S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

Osyrio quadripartitae-Junipero turbinatae S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

–

Querco cocciferae-Junipero turbinatae S. (basophilous)

●

●

●

–

–

Climato-temporihygrophilous and xerophilous sigmeta

Aro neglecti-Querco suberis S. (psammophilous)

●

●

●

●

●

Climato-temporihygrophilous sigmeta

Oenantho crocatae-Querco pyrenaicae S.

●

–

–

–

–

Campanulo primulifoliae-Rhododendro pontici S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

Euphorbio monchiquensis-Querco canariensis S. (acidophilous)

–

–

●

–

–

Rusco hypophylli-Querco canariensis S. (basophilous)

–

–

–

–

●

Vinco difformis-Ulmo minoris S. (acidophilous)

●

●

–

–

–

Ulici welwitschiani-Querco broteroi S. (basophilous)

●

–

●

–

–

Hygrophilous geosigmeta

Holoschoeno vulgaris-Salici arenariae Gs. (psammophilous, relic)

●

–

–

–

–

Carici lusitanicae-Salici atrocinereae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

●

–

–

–

Campanulo primulifoliae-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

●

–

–

Viti sylvestris-Salici atrocinereae Gs. (dystrophic lentic freshwater)

–

–

–

●

–

Crataego brevispinae-Populo albae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

–

●

Arisaro proboscidei-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

●

Rhododendro pontici-Alno glutinosae Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

–

–

–

●

Clematido campaniflorae-Salici neotrichae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

–

–

–

Salici atrocinereo-australis Gs. (soft freshwater)

–

●

●

–

–

Irido foetidissimae-Fraxino angustifoliae Gs. (soft freshwater)

●

●

●

–

–

Rubio longifoliae-Coremo albi Gs. (psammophilous)

●

●

●

–

–

Equiseto telmateiae-Salici pedicellatae Gs. (hard freshwater)

–

–

–

●

●

Osyrio quadripartitae-Junipero turbinatae Gs. (coastal dune)

●

●

●

●

●

Geopermasigmeta

Limonio emarginati Gps. (haloanemogenous rock littoral)

–

–

–

–

●

Puccinellio ibericae-Sarcocornio perennis Gps. (halophilous tidal)

●

●

●

●

●

Loto cretici-Ammophilo australis Gps. (coastal dune)

●

●

●

●

●

  1. 48. Divisorio Portuguese Sector, 49. Ribatejo and Sado Sector, 50. Algarve and Monchique Sector, 51. Cádiz and Littoral Huelva Sector, 52. Aljibe Sector