Abstract
This chapter will discuss various adaptations of the yeast two-hybrid method for analyzing protein interactions that can be used to identify small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) interacting proteins and to determine the nature of the SUMO—protein interactions that occur. SUMO binds to a protein in two different ways: covalently and noncovalently. In a covalent interaction an isopeptide bond forms between the glycine residue at the C terminus of the mature SUMO and a lysine side-chain on the substrate protein. Alternatively, SUMO can interact noncovalently with another protein, usually via insertion of a β strand from a substrate SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) into a hydrophobic groove next to the SUMO β2 strand. By mutating either the C-terminal diglycine motif or amino acids within the β2 strand of SUMO, these respective interactions can be abolished. The expression of the two-hybrid SUMO constructs with either of these mutations can help distinguish the type of interaction that occurs between a SUMO and a given protein. Sumoylation can be verified by independent methods, such as a SUMO mobility shift assay. Finally, the chapter will compare the two-hybrid approach with mass spectrometric analysis as a means of identifying SUMO-interacting proteins.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Rachael Felberbaum and Dan Su for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grant GM053756.
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Kroetz, M.B., Hochstrasser, M. (2009). Identification of SUMO-Interacting Proteins by Yeast Two-Hybrid Analysis. In: Ulrich, H.D. (eds) SUMO Protocols. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™, vol 497. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-566-4_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-566-4_7
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