Abstract
Oncolytic viruses exploit key hallmarks of cancer for replication in malignant cells, leading to tumor cell lysis, modulation of the tumor microenvironment and in situ vaccination effects. Diverse virus platforms have been developed as oncolytic vectors and designed for improved tumor specificity, intratumoral spread, therapeutic gene delivery and especially as targeted cancer immunotherapeutics. This chapter provides a concise overview of the basic principles as well as current progress in preclinical and clinical studies of oncolytic virotherapy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kelly E, Russell SJ (2007) History of oncolytic viruses: genesis to genetic engineering. Mol Ther 15(4):651–659. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mt.6300108
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144(5):646–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
Seymour LW, Fisher KD (2016) Oncolytic viruses: finally delivering. Br J Cancer 114(4):357–361. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2015.481
Pikor LA, Bell JC, Diallo JS (2015) Oncolytic viruses: exploiting cancer’s deal with the devil. Trends Cancer 1(4):266–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2015.10.004
Achard C, Surendran A, Wedge ME, Ungerechts G, Bell J, Ilkow CS (2018) Lighting a fire in the tumor microenvironment using oncolytic immunotherapy. EBioMedicine 31:17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.020
Russell SJ, Barber GN (2018) Oncolytic viruses as antigen-agnostic cancer vaccines. Cancer Cell 33(4):599–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.011
Pol JP, Levesque S, Workenhe ST, Gujar S, Le Boeuf F, Clements DR, Fahrner JE, Fend L, Bell JC, Mossman KL, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L (2018) Trial Watch: Oncolytic viro-immunotherapy of hematologic and solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 7(12):e1503032. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402x.2018.1503032
Maroun J, Munoz-Alia M, Ammayappan A, Schulze A, Peng KW, Russell S (2017) Designing and building oncolytic viruses. Fut Virol 12(4):193–213. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2016-0129
Twumasi-Boateng K, Pettigrew JL, Kwok YYE, Bell JC (2018) Oncolytic viruses as engineering platforms for combination immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 18(7):419–432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-018-0009-4
Ungerechts G, Bossow S, Leuchs B, Holm PS, Rommelaere J, Coffey M, Coffin R, Bell J, Nettelbeck DM (2016) Moving oncolytic viruses into the clinic: clinical-grade production, purification, and characterization of diverse oncolytic viruses. Mol Ther Meth Clin Dev 3:16018. https://doi.org/10.1038/mtm.2016.18
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Luisa Henkel for creating the excellent artwork accompanying this chapter. C.E.E. is supported by the German Research Foundation (Grants EN-1119/2-1 and EN-1119/2-2), the Else Kröner-Fresenius Stiftung (Grant 2015_A78), and the Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung (Grant 2018.058.1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Engeland, C.E., Bell, J.C. (2020). Introduction to Oncolytic Virotherapy. In: Engeland, C. (eds) Oncolytic Viruses. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2058. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9794-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9794-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9793-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9794-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols