Abstract
In this chapter, we give an introduction to innovative attempts for the collection, identification, and statistical analysis of volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns emitted by phytoplasma-infected plants compared to healthy plants by the use of state-of-the-art techniques. This encompasses headspace-sampling techniques, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and identification of VOC patterns by the “Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System” (AMDIS) followed by appropriate statistical analysis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Soroker V, Talebaev S, Harari AR, Wesley SD (2004) The role of chemical cues in host and mate location in the pear psylla Cacopsylla bidens (Homoptera: Psyllidae). J Insect Behav 17(5):613–626. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOIR.0000042544.35561.1c
Gross J, Mekonen N (2005) Plant odours influence the host finding behaviour of apple psyllids (Cacopsylla picta; C. melanoneura). IOBC WPRS Bull 28(7):351–355
Eben A, Mühlethaler R, Gross J, Hoch H (2015) First evidence of acoustic communication in the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri L.(Hemiptera: Psyllidae). J Pest Sci 88(1):87–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-014-0588-0
Lubanga U, Guédot C, Percy D, Steinbauer M (2014) Semiochemical and vibrational cues and signals mediating mate finding and courtship in Psylloidea (Hemiptera): a synthesis. Insects 5(3):577
Mayer CJ, Vilcinskas A, Gross J (2008a) Pathogen-induced release of plant allomone manipulates vector insect behavior. J Chem Ecol 34(12):1518–1522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-008-9564-6
Mayer CJ, Vilcinskas A, Gross J (2008b) Phytopathogen lures its insect vector by altering host plant odor. J Chem Ecol 34(8):1045–1049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-008-9516-1
Mayer CJ, Jarausch B, Jarausch W et al (2009) Cacopsylla melanoneura has no relevance as vector of apple proliferation in Germany. Phytopathology 99(6):729–738. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-99-6-0729
Mayer CJ, Vilcinskas A, Gross J (2011) Chemically mediated multitrophic interactions in a plant–insect vector-phytoplasma system compared with a partially nonvector species. Agr Forest Entomol 13(1):25–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2010.00495.x
Gross J (2016) Chemical communication between phytopathogens, their host plants and vector insects and eavesdropping by natural enemies. Front Ecol Evol 4:104. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2016.00104
Gross J, Gündermann G (2016) Principles of IPM in cultivated crops and implementation of innovative strategies for sustainable plant protection. In: Horowitz A, Ishaaya I (eds) Advances in insect control and resistance management. Springer, Cham, pp 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31800-4_2
Eben A, Gross J (2013) Innovative control of psyllid vectors of European fruit tree phytoplasmas. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 3(1):37–39. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.2249-4677.3.1.008
Rid M, Mesca C, Ayasse M, Gross J (2016) Apple proliferation phytoplasma influences the pattern of plant volatiles emitted depending on pathogen virulence. Front Ecol Evol 3:152. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00152
Weintraub P, Gross J (2013) Capturing insect vectors of phytoplasmas. In: Dickinson M, Hodgetts J (eds) Phytoplasma, Methods in molecular biology (methods and protocols), vol 938. Humana Press, Totwa, NJ, pp 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-089-2_6
Stein SE (2010) NIST chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry
Brückner A, Heethoff M (2017) A chemo-ecologists’ practical guide to compositional data analysis. Chemoecology 27(1):33–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-016-0227-8
Paliy O, Shankar V (2016) Application of multivariate statistical techniques in microbial ecology. Mol Ecol 25(5):1032–1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13536
Bruce TJ, Pickett JA (2011) Perception of plant volatile blends by herbivorous insects—finding the right mix. Phytochemistry 72(13):1605–1611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.04.011
Kucera M, Malmgren BA (1998) Logratio transformation of compositional data: a resolution of the constant sum constraint. Mar Micropaleontol 34(1):117–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(97)00047-9
Legendre P, Gallagher ED (2001) Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data. Oecologia 129(2):271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100716
Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern wisconsin. Ecol Monogr 27(4):325–349. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942268
Gallinger J, Gross J (2018) Unraveling the host plant alternation of Cacopsylla pruni – adults but not nymphs can survive on conifers due to phloem/xylem composition. Front Plant Sci 9:484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00484
Anderson MJ (2001) A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol 26:32–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x
Anderson MJ (2006) Distance-based tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Biometrics 62(1):245–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00440.x
Rid M, Markheiser A, Hoffmann C, Gross J. (2018). Waxy bloom on grape berry surface is one important factor for oviposition of European grapevine moths. J Pest Sci 91(4):1225–1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-0988-7
Acknowledgment
The authors are grateful to Eva Gross (Schriesheim, Germany) for language editing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
1 Electronic Supplementary Materials
Supplementary File 1
To transpose data and for adding zero values (R 2kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Gross, J., Gallinger, J., Rid, M. (2019). Collection, Identification, and Statistical Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound Patterns Emitted by Phytoplasma Infected Plants. In: Musetti, R., Pagliari, L. (eds) Phytoplasmas. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1875. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8837-2_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8837-2_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8836-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8837-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols