Skip to main content

Adequacy of Cigarette Package Warnings

An Analysis of the Adequacy of Federally Mandated Cigarette Package Warnings

  • Chapter
Language in the Judicial Process

Part of the book series: Law, Society and Policy ((LSPO,volume 5))

Abstract

The recent rise of interest in health warnings has coincided with federal legislation mandating new, rotating warnings on cigarette packages (Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984); the warning requirement has also been extended to smokeless tobacco products, including snuff and chewing tobacco (Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986). The new warning requirements stem from the increased awareness on the part of the public health advocates of possible health risks (Blasi & Monaghan, 1986) and also from increased efforts by lobbying groups to further restrict both cigarette advertising (Abramson, 1986:1) and permissible smoking in public areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • A glossary of tobacco terms. (1985). New York State Journal of Medicine, 85, 297–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abramson, J. (1986, November 10). “Battle lines drawn in cigarette ad fight.” Legal Times 9, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black’s Law Dictionary (5th ed. 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Breznitz, S. (1984). Cry Wolf: The psychology of false alarms. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blasi, V, & Monaghan, H. P. (1986). The first amendment and cigarette advertising. Journal of the American Medical Association, 256, 502–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cullingford, R., Da Cruz, L., Webb, S., Shean, & Jamrozik, K. (1988). Legibility of health warnings on billboards that advertise cigarettes. The Medical Journal of Australia, 148, 336–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. M., & Kendrick, J. S. (1989). The Surgeon General’s warnings in outdoor cigarette advertising: Are they readable? Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 90–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Greene, K. B. (1970). Systems psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deposition of Dr. Roger L. McCarthy. (1987, July 2). Frank Cusimano, Jr., Plaintiffs, vs. American Honda Motor Company, et al, Defendants, in the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of San Diego, Docket No. 499782, Vol II.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, P M., Richards, J. W, Berman, E. J., & Krugman, D. M. (1989). Recall and eye tracking study of adolescents viewing tobacco advertisements. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 84–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, B. (1975). Warning and threatening. Centrum, 3, 169–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gidmark, D. (1986, December 1). A tobacco case activist predicts success by end of ‘87. The National Law Journal, 1, 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreckel, M. (1981a). Where do constitutive rules for speech acts come from? Language and Communication, 1, 73–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreckel, M. (1981b). Communicative acts and shared knowledge in natural discourse. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Labov, W (1966). The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Labov, W. (1972). The social stratification of (r) in New York City department stores. In W. Labov, Sociolinguistic patterns (pp. 43–69). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. D. (1986, Winter). Three stages of tobacco litigation. Trial Diplomacy Journal, 8, 18–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehto, M. R., & Miller, J. M. (1986). Warnings, Volume I: Fundamentals, design, and evaluation methodologies. Ann Arbor: Fuller Technical Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, E. J. (1970). Human factors in engineering and design (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. M., & Lehto, M. R. (1987). Warnings: Volume II: Annotated bibliography with topical index. Ann Arbor: Fuller Technical Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murrell, K. F. H. (1969). Man in his working environment. London: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, M. L., Iscoe, C, Jennings, C, et al. (1981). Federal Trade Commission staff report on the cigarette advertising investigation. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Office of Smoking and Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1964). Smoking and health: A report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Restatement (Second) of Torts §§ 338, 402a (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G. H. (1977). Human performance in accident causation: Toward theories on warning systems and hazard appreciation. Washington, DC, Third International System Safety Conference, Oct. 17–21, pp. 55–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samfield, M. (1980). Research and manufacturing in the U.S. cigarette industry. New York: Lockwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, V. E., & Driver, R. W (1983). Warnings in the workplace: The need for a synthesis of law and communication theory. Cincinnati Law Review, 52, 38–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searle, J. (1969). Speech Acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. London: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, A. S., Twerski, A. D, Piehler, H. R., & Donaher, W A. (1978). Chapter 5: Warnings and disclaimers. Products liability and the reasonably safe product (pp. 60–74). New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

9. Cases Cited

  • American Optical v. Weiderhamer, 404 N.E.2d 606 (Ind.App 4 Dist. 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bituminous Casualty Corp. v. Black and Decker Corp. 518 S. W.2d 868 (Tex.Civ. App. 5 Dist., 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford Motor Co. v. Nowak, 638 S.W.2d 582 (Tex.App. 13 Dist., 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Griggs v. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., 513 E2d 851 (8th Cir. 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nissen v. Miller, 44 N.M. 487, 490, 105 P.2d 324, 326 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roysdon v. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 623 F. Supp. 1189 (E. D Tn. 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roysdon v. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 849 F.2d 230 (6th Cir. 1988), rehearing denied 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallinger v. Martin Stamping and Stove Co., 93 IU.App.2d 437, 236 N.E.2d 755 (111.App. 1968).

    Google Scholar 

10. Statutes and Regulations Cited

  • Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986, 15 U.S.C. (Supp. 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984, 15 U.S.C. (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965, 15 U.S.C. (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969, 15 U.S.C. (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • The Trade Regulation Rule for the Prevention of Unfair or Deceptive Advertising and Labeling of

    Google Scholar 

  • Cigarettes in Relation to the Health Hazards of Smoking, 29 Fed. Reg. §§ 8324, 8325, 8326 (July 2, 1964).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dumas, B.K. (1990). Adequacy of Cigarette Package Warnings. In: Levi, J.N., Walker, A.G. (eds) Language in the Judicial Process. Law, Society and Policy, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3719-3_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3719-3_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-3721-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3719-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics