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Signaling for Infection Structure Formation in Fungi

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The Fungal Spore and Disease Initiation in Plants and Animals

Abstract

Fungal plant pathogens establish parasitic relationships with their respective hosts primarily for the perpetuation of the pathogen. Before such relationships can develop, several recognition steps must occur during the early stages of the association. Most important are perception of the correct direction of hyphal growth or movement (as with zoospore taxis) of the pathogen to an appropriate infection site, recognition of that site, and recognition that a successful interaction has occurred between the fungus and host. A successful host—parasite relationship will be aborted should any of these steps fail. Other important tropic recognition steps have been discussed in detail by Wynn and Staples (1981). Of particular relevance to the topic of this chapter are the first two steps, recognition by the fungus of the right place and time for infection structure formation. Some fungal propagules, such as uredospore germlings of many of the rust fungi, e.g., Uromyces appendiculatus, Puccinia graminis tritici, and P. sorghi, must seek and recognize leaf stomata, the only site that triggers appressorium formation (the first in a series of specialized infection structures produced by these organisms). Furthermore, these pathogens only enter the host through the stomatal aperture. Similarly, the causal agent of downy mildew of grape, Plasmopara viticola, produces zoospores that generally swim toward stomata through which ingress into the host is achieved. In this case the pathogen exhibits a taxic movement, a relatively uncommon feature for most filamentous fungal pathogens. Other nonstomatal penetrating fungal pathogens may or may not exhibit preferences for specific sites. Many of the foliar pathogens are capable of forming appressoria at almost any place on the host (and nonhost). Spores germinate and grow without any apparent preference for direction and develop appressoria at times and places determined by environmental, physiological, genetic, and/or temporal factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, 14456, USA

    H. C. Hoch

  2. Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA

    R. C. Staples

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  1. H. C. Hoch
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

    Garry T. Cole

  2. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA

    Harvey C. Hoch

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Hoch, H.C., Staples, R.C. (1991). Signaling for Infection Structure Formation in Fungi. In: Cole, G.T., Hoch, H.C. (eds) The Fungal Spore and Disease Initiation in Plants and Animals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2635-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2635-7_2

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