Abstract
Microorganisms have had a profound effect on medicinal science since the discovery that not only are they the cause of infection, but they produce organic substances that can cure infection. The discovery of penicillin in 1929 heralded the era of antibiotics and the realization that microorganisms are a rich source of clinically useful natural products [see Betina (1983) for an outline of the history of antibiotics]. Since that time, between 30,000 and 50,000 natural products have been discovered from microorganisms. Of these substances, more than 10,000 are biologically active and more than 8000 are antibiotics (Berdy, 1989; Betina, 1983). This tremendous rate of discovery is testament to the inherent ability of microorganisms to produce bioactive metabolites and the heavy investment of industry in microbial resources. Due to this investment, over 100 microbial products are in use today as antibiotics, antitumor agents, and agrichemicals. Despite the many discoveries, most antibiotics of microbial origin come from terrestrial bacteria belonging to one taxonomic group, the order Actinomycetales. Although these bacteria continue to be studied extensively, it is clear that the rate of discovering novel metabolites from terrestrial actinomycetes is decreasing and that new sources of bioactive natural products must be explored.
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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Fenical, W., Jensen, P.R. (1993). Marine Microorganisms: A New Biomedical Resource. In: Attaway, D.H., Zaborsky, O.R. (eds) Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2391-2_12
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