Abstract
According to the American Psychological Association’s National Task Force on Women and Depression (McGrath, Keita, Strickland, & Russo, 1990, p. 30), “Victims of interpersonal violence share many of the symptoms of persons with a primary diagnosis of depression: hopelessness, helplessness, negative self-esteem, a restricted range of affects, high-levels of self-criticism, self-defeating interpersonal strategies, and difficulties in forming and retaining intimate relationships.” Studies of the sequelae of childhood victimization usually neglect these symptoms, focusing instead on documenting intergenerational continuity in violence and aggression. Yet, in her review of support for the proposition that violence begets violence, Widom (1989a, p. 24) notes, “Evidence that is often overlooked suggests that abuse and neglect in early childhood leads not only to further aggressive behavior but also to depression, withdrawal, and self-destructive behavior.”
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Downey, G., Feldman, S., Khuri, J., Friedman, S. (1994). Maltreatment and Childhood Depression. In: Reynolds, W.M., Johnston, H.F. (eds) Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1510-8_22
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