Abstract
Research on biological control and natural suppression of fungal plant pathogens has significantly increased worldwide during the last decade (Janisiewicz, 1988; Park et al., 1988; Shimshoni et al., 1988; Sztejnberg et al., 1988). Although research has often concentrated on individual microorganisms, the use of complex organic substrates has been shown to be effective in protecting plant health (Hoitink and Kuter, 1986; Mandelbaum et al., 1990; Spring et al., 1980). Composted organic material such as plant debris and animal manure have been used for more than 2,000 years to improve soil fertility. It is known that there is a close connection between soil-borne plant disease occurrence and the organic matter content in the soil (Lumsden et al., 1983b). Balanced nutrition with compost has been considered fundamental for maintaining health through its influence on plant resistance mechanisms (Chaboussou, 1985). The importance of composted organic material in suppressing soilborne pathogens has often been demonstrated (Hadar and Mandelbaum, 1986; Hoitink et al., 1977; Hoitink and Fahy, 1986; Lumsden et al., 1983a; Spencer and Benson, 1982). Most of these studies pointed out a suppressive mechanism of action. Hoitink (1980) and Reinmuth and Bochow (1960), however, showed that composted organic material may promote disease. In most disease-suppression instances, stimulation of antagonistic microorganisms in the rhizosphere or induced defence reactions in the host plant tissue are considered responsible for the beneficial effects (Harman and Lumsden, 1990).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Andrews, J. H., Berbee, F. M., and Nordheim, E. V., 1983, Microbial antagonism to the imperfect stage of the apple scab pathogen, Venturia ineaqualis Phytopathology, 73: 228.
Becker, J., Weltzien, H. C., and Tränkner, A., 1990, Einsatz von nicht toxischen organischen Nährstoffen zur Bekämpfung des Weizenstein-brandes (Tilletia caries) - Versuchsergebnisse des Jahres 1988/89, Ges Pflanzen, 42: 239.
Budde, K., and Weltzien, H. C., 1988, Phytosanitäre Wirkungen von Kompostextrakten und -substraten im Wirt-Erreger-System Gerste-Echter Mehltau (Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. hordei Marchai ), Med Fac Landbouww Rijksuniv Gent, 53: 363.
Chaboussou, F., “Santé des Cultures”, 1985, Flammarion, La Maison Rustique, Paris.
Dittmer, U., Budde, K., Stindt, A., and Weltzien, H. C., 1990, Der Einfluß der Kompostierug von Kompostsubstraten auf verschiedene Krankheitserreger, Ges Pflanzen, 42: 219.
Fokkema, N. J., and van den Heuvel, J., 1986, “Microbiology of the phyllosphere”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Gullino, M. L., and Garibaldi, A., 1983, Situation actuelle et persectives d’avenir de la lutte biologique et intégrée contre la pourriture grise de la vigne en Italia, Les Colleques de l’INRA, 18: 91.
Hadar, Y., and Mandelbaum, R., 1986, Suppression of Pythium aphanidermatum damping-off in container media containing composted liquorice roots, Crop Prot., 5: 88.
Harman, G.E., and Lumsden, R. D., 1990, Biological disease control, pages 259–280, in: “The Rhizosphere”, J. M. Lynch, ed., Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
Hoitink, H. A. J., 1980, Composted bark: a lightweight growth medium with fungicidal properties, Plant Dis., 64: 142.
Hoitink, H. A. J., and Fahy, P. C., 1986, Basis for the control of soilborne plant pathogens with composts, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 24: 93.
Hoitink, H. A. J., and Kuter, G. A., 1986, Effects of composts in growth media on soilborne pathogens, pages 289–306, in: “The Role of Organic
Matter in Modern Agriculture“, Y. Chen and Y. Avnimelech, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.
Hoitink, H. A. J., Van Doren, D. M., and Schmitthenner, A. F., 1977, Suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi in a composted hardwood bark potting medium, Phytopathology, 67: 561.
Janisiewcz, W. J., 1988, Biocontrol of postharvest diseases of apples with antagonistic mixtures, Phytopathology, 78: 194.
Ketterer, N., 1990, Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Kompost-Extrakten auf den Blattbefall der Kartoffel und Tomate durch Phytophthora infestans sowie auf den Befall der Weinrebe durch Plasmopara viticola, Pseudopeziza tracheiphila und Uncinula necator, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bonn.
Lumsden, R. D., Lewis, J. A., and Millner, P. D., 1983a, Effect of composted sewage sludge on several soilborne pathogens and diseases, Phytopathology, 73: 1543.
Lumsden, R. D.,, Lewis, J. A., and Papavizas, G. C., 1983b, Effect of organic amendments on soilborne diseases and pathogen antagonists, pages 51–70, in: “Environmentally Sound Agriculture”, W. Lockeretz, ed., Praeger Scientific, New York.
Mandelbaum, R., Gorodecki, B., and Hadar, Y., 1990, Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii diseases in container media containing composted separated cattle manure and composted grape marc, Crop Prot., 9: 271.
Park, C. S., Paulitz, T. C., and Baker, R., 1988, Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of cucumber resulting from interactions between Pseudomonas putida and nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, Phytopathology, 78: 190.
Reinmuth, E., and Bochow, H., 1960, Beiträge zur Frage des Einflusses einer organischen Düngung auf den Befall von Pflanzen durch parasitische Pilze, J Phytopathology, 37: 401.
Samerski, C., 1989, Untersuchungen zu Wirkung und Wirkungsmechanismen von Kompostextrakten im Pathosystem Gurke (Cucumis sativus L.) - Echter Gurkenmehltau (Sphaerotheca fulginea (Schlechtendal ex Fr.) Pollacci), Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bonn.
Schmidt, D., 1988, Prevention of bacterial wilt of grasses by phylloplane bacteria, J Phytopathology, 122: 253.
Schönbeck, F., and Dehne, H. W., 1986, Use of microbial metabolites inducing resistance against plant pathogens, pages 363–375, in: “Microbiology of the Phyllosphere”, N. J. Fokkema, and J. van den Heuvel, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Schönbeck, F., Dehne, H. W., and Balder, H., 1982, Zur Wirksamkeit induzierter Resistenz unter praktischen Anbaubedingungen I. Echter Mehltau an Reben, Gurken und Weizen, J Phytopathology, 89: 177.
Shimshoni, G., Elad, Y., Cohen, A., and Chet, I., 1988, Biological control of grey mold disease on various crops, Phytoparasitica, 16: 66.
Sleesman, J. P., and Leben, C., 1976, Microbial antagonists of Bipolaris maydis, Phytopathology, 66: 1214.
Spencer, S., and Benson, D. M., 1982, Pine bark, hardwood bark compost, and peat amendment effects on development of Phytophthora spp. and lupine root rot, Phytopathology, 72: 346.
Spring, D. E., Ellis, M. A., Spotts, R. A., Hoitink, H. A. J., and Schmitthenner, A. F., 1980, Suppression of the apple collar rot pathogen in composted hardwood bark, Phytopathology, 70: 1209.
Spurr, H. W., 1977, Protective applications of conidia of nonpathogenic Alternaria sp. isolates for control of tobacco brown-spot disease, Phytopathology, 67: 128.
Steiner, U., 1989, Zum Einfluß induzierter Resistenz auf den Wirt-ParasitKomplex Gerste-Echter Mehltau. Sortenabhängige Resistenzreaktionen und Befalls-Verlust-Relationen, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Hannover.
Stindt, A., 1990, Untersuchungen zur Wirkung und zu den Wirkungsmechanismen von Kompostextrakten auf Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex Nocca and Balb an Erdbeeren, Kopfsalat und Buschbohnen, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bonn
Sztejnberg, A., Galper, S., Frumkin, O., Abo-Foul, S., and Lisker, N., 1988, Ampelomyces quisqualis for biological and integrated control of powdery mildew, Phytoparasitica, 16: 69.
Tränkner,.A., and Kircher-Bierschenk, R., 1988, Vorläufige Ergebnisse bei der Bekämpfung des Apfelschorfes durch Extrakte aus kompostierten organischen Materialien, Med Fac Landbouww Rijksuniv Gent, 53: 359.
Tränkner, A., and Liesenfeld, R., 1990, Unterdrückung von Pythium ultimum, einer keimlingskrankheit der Erbse ( Pisum sativum) durch Saatgutbehandlung mit Kompostextrakten, Mitt Biol Bundesanst Land Forstwirtsch., 266: 64.
Weltzien, H. C., 1991, Biocontrol of foliar fungal diseases with compost extracts, in: “Microbial Ecology of Leaves”, J. H. Andrews and S. S. Hirano, eds., Springer, New York (in press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tränkner, A. (1992). Use of Agricultural and Municipal Organic Wastes to Develop Suppressiveness to Plant Pathogens. In: Tjamos, E.C., Papavizas, G.C., Cook, R.J. (eds) Biological Control of Plant Diseases. NATO ASI Series, vol 230. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9470-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9468-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive