Abstract
Methodological pluralism is the hallmark of contemporary research on families Such pluralism is not likely to go away because it is firmly embedded in tradition and in the methodological transformations current in the social and human sciences. Practicing in a wide array of disciplines, family scholars are being swept up in—and helping to create—the exciting possibilities these transformations present. Such possibilities are so recent that the words of LaRossa and Reitzes (1993), written not long ago, although compelling, soon will be outdated. They wrote, “family research is for the most part dominated by relatively static models and methodologies” (p. 158), an observation other family scholars have articulated (e.g., Osmond, 1987; Thomas & Wilcox, 1987). The exploration of methodological stasis in family research will provide a context in which to interpret the state of contemporary qualitative family research methods. As I will show, methodological stasis is a relatively recent phenomenon. Research on families stands on a tradition of methodological pluralism.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott, E. (1910). Women in industry. New York: Appleton.
Abbott, E. (1950). Grace Abbott and Hull-House, 1908–1921. Part 1. Social Service Review, 24, 374–394.
Abbott, E., & Breckinridge, S. P. (1916). The tenements of Chicago, 19081935. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ackerman, N. (1958). The psychodynamics of family life. New York: Basic Books.
Adams, B. N. (1988). Fifty years of family research: What does it mean? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 5–17.
Alasuutari, P. (1996). Theorizing in qualitative research: A cultural studies perspective. Qualitative Inquiry, 2, 371–384.
Allen, K. R. (1989). Single women/family ties: Life histories of older women. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Allen, K. R. (1994). Feminist reflections on lifelong single women. In Donna L. Sollie and Leigh A. Leslie (Eds.), Gender, families, and close relationships: Feminist research journeys (pp. 97–119 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Allen, K. R., & Pickett, R. S. (1987). Forgotten streams in the family life course: Utilization of qualitative retrospective interviews in the analysis of lifelong single women’s family careers. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 517–526.
Altheide, D. L., & Johnson, J. M. (1994). Criteria for assessing interpretive validity in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 485–499 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ambert, A. M., Adler, P. A., Adler, P., & Detzner, D. F. (1995). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 879–893.
Anderson, N. (1925). The hobo. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Anderson, N. (1983). A stranger at the gate: Reflections on the Chicago School of Sociology. Urban Life, 11, 396–406.
Angell, R. C. (1936). The family encounters the depression. New York: Scribner.
Atkinson, P. A. (1988). Ethnomethodology: A critical review. Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 441–465.
Baber, K. M., & Allen, K. R. (1992). Women and families: Feminist reconstructions. New York: Guilford.
Bailey, K. D. (1984). On integrating theory and method. Current Perspectives in Social Theory, 6, 21–44.
Barry, K. (1979). Female sexual slavery. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Barry, D. (1996). Artful inquiry: A symbolic constructivist approach to social science research. Qualitative Inquiry, 2, 411–438.
Barthes, R. (1974). S/Z: An essay. (R. Miller, Trans.). New York: Hill and Wang. (Original work published 1970 by Editions du Seuil, Paris)
Barton, A. H. (1971). Empirical methods and radical sociology: A liberal critique. In J. D. Colfax and J. L. Road (Eds.), Radical sociology. New York: Basic Books.
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. New York: Ballentine.
Becker, H. S. (1953). Becoming a marihuana user. American Journal of Sociology, 59, 235–242.
Becker, H. S. (1988). Blumer’s conceptual impact. Symbolic Interaction, 11, 13–20.
Becker, H. S., Geer, B., Hughes, E., & Strauss, A. L. (1961). Boys in white. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Becker, H. S., Geer, B., and Hughes, E. (1968). Making the grade. New York: Wiley.
Bell-Scott, P., Guy-Sheftall, B., Royster, J. J., Sims-Wood, J., DeCostaWillis, M., & Fultz, L. (Eds.). (1991). Double stitch: Black women write about mothers and daughters. Boston: Beacon.
Benner, P. (Ed.). (1994). Interpretive phenomenology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality. New York: Doubleday.
Bernard, J. (1981). The female world. New York: Free Press.
Berta1anfty, L. von. (1968). General systems theory: Foundations, development, applications. New York: Braziller.
Blaisure, K. R., & Allen, K. R. (1995). Feminism and the ideology and practice of marital equality. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 5–19.
Bleier, R. (Ed.). (1984). Science and gender: A critique of biology and its theories on women. New York: Pergamon.
Bloom, L. R. (1996). Stories of one’s own: Nonunitary subjectivity in narrative representation. Qualitative Inquiry, 2, 176–197.
Blumer, H. (1928). Method in social psychology. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago.
Blumer, H. (1969). An appraisal of Thomas and Znaniecki’s The Polish peasant in Europe and America (pp. 117–126). (Original work published in 1939 )
Blumer, H. (1986). What is wrong with social theory? In H. Blumer (Ed.), Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method (pp. 140–152 ). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published in 1969 )
Blumer, H. (1986). The methodological position of symbolic interactionism. In H. Blumer (Ed.), Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method (pp. 1–60 ). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published in 1969 )
Bochner, A. R, & Ellis, C. (1996). Taking ethnography into the twenty-first century. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 25, 3–5.
Bogdan, R., & Bilden, S. K. (1992). Qualitative research methods for education ( 2nd ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Booth, C. (1889). Life and labour of the people (Vol. 1). London: Macmillan. Booth, C. (1903). Life and labour of the people in London. Final volume. London and New York: Macmillan.
Boss, R. G. (1987). Family stress. In M. B. Sussman & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 695–723 ). New York: Plenum.
Boss, P. G. (1988). Family stress management. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Boss, P. G. (1993). The reconstruction of family life with Alzheimer’s disease: Generating theory to lower family stress from ambiguous loss. In P. G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRoussa, W. R. Schummn, and S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 163–166 ). New York: Plenum.
Bossard, J. H. S., & Boll, E. S. (1950). Ritual in family living. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Bott, E. (1957). Family and social network. New York: Free Press.
Bott, E. (1971). Family and social network ( 2nd ed. ). New York: Free Press.
Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Aronson. Brown, J. R. (1996). The I in science: Training to utilize subjectivity in research. Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian University Press.
Brown, P. (1996). Catskill culture: The rise and fall of a Jewish resort area seen through personal narrative and ethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 24, 83–119.
Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bulmer, M. (1984). The Chicago School of Sociology: Institutionalization, diversity, and the rise of sociological research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Burgess, E. W. (1926). The family as a unity of interacting personalities. Family, 7, 3–9.
Burgess, E. W. (1927). Statistics and case studies as methods of sociological research. Sociology and Social Research, 12, 103–120.
Burgess, E. W. (1932). Editor’s preface. In E. Franklin Frazier, The Negro family in Chicago (pp. ix-xii). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Buttny, R. (1990). Blame-accounts sequences in therapy: The negotiation of relational meanings. Semiotica, 78, 219–248.
Buttny, R., & Jensen, A. D. (1995). Telling problems in an initial family therapy session: The hierarchical organization of problem-talk. In G. H. Morris and R. J. Chenail (Eds.), The talk of the clinic: Explorations in the analysis of medical and therapeutic discourse (pp. 19–47 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cavan, R. S. (1983). The Chicago School of Sociology, 1918–1933. Urban Life, 407–420.
Cavan, R. S., & Ranck, K. H. (1936). The family and the depression: A study of one hundred Chicago families. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Charmaz, K. (1975). The coroners’ strategies for announcing death. Urban Life, 4, 296–316.
Charmaz, K. (1990). “Discovering” chronic illness: Using grounded theory. Social Science in Medicine, 30, 1161–1172.
Charmaz, K., & Preissle, J. (1996). New ethnographies: Review Symposium. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 25, 390–396.
Chenail, R. (1991). Medical discourse and systemic frames of comprehension. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Chenail, R. J., & Fortugno, L. (1995). Resourceful figures in therapeutic conversations. In G. H. Morris and R. J. Chenail (Eds.), The talk of the clinic: Explorations in the analysis of medical and therapeutic discourse (pp. 71–88 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Chenail, R. J., Douthit, P., Gale, J., Stormberg, J., Morris, G. H., Park, J., Sridaromont, S., & Schmer, V. (1990). “It’s probably nothing serious, but...” Parents’ interpretation of referral to pediatric cardiologists. Health Communication, 2, 165–188.
Chenail, R. J., Itkin, P., Bonneau, M., & Andriacchi, C. ( 1993, October). Managing solutions in divorce mediation: A discourse analysis. Paper presented at the Twenty-first Annual Society of Professionals in Dispute Resolution International Conference, Toronto, Canada.
Chesla, C. A. (1994). Parents’ caring practices with schizophrenic offspring. In P. Benner (Ed.), Interpretive phenomenology (pp. 167–183 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chesla, C. A. (1995). Hermeneutic phenomenology: An approach to understanding families. Journal of Family Nursing, 1, 68–78.
Chesla, C. A. (1996). Early beginnings of the Qualitative Family Research Network: Interview with Ralph LaRossa. Qualitative Family Research, 10(1), 3–9.
Chesla, C., Martinson, A. I., & Muswaswes, M. (1994). Continuities and discontinuities in family relations with Alzheimer’s patients. Family Relations, 43, 3–14.
Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Clavarino, A. M., Najman, J. M., & Silverman, D. (1995). The quality of qualitative data: Two strategies for analyzing medical interviews. Qualitative Inquiry, 1, 223–242.
Clifford, J., & Marcus, G. E. (Eds.). (1986). Writing culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cohler, B. J. (1988). The human studies and the life history: The Social Service Review Lecture. Social Service Review, 62, 552–577.
Comstock, D. E. (1982). A method for critical research. In E. Bredo and W. Feinberg (Eds.), Knowledge and values in social and educational research (pp. 370–390 ). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis for field settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Cooley, C. H. (1930). Sociological theory and social research. New York: Holt.
Corbin, J. (1991). Anselm Strauss: An intellectual biography. In D. R. Maines (Ed.), Social organization and social process: Essays in honor of Anselm Strauss (pp. 17–42 ). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Cressey, D. (1953). Other people’s money. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Curry, C. (1996). Silver rights. New York: Algonquin.
Daly, K. ( 1995, November). How persons generate theory: Second order stories. Paper presented at the Symposium on Interpreting Qualitative Data, Annual Conference, National Council on Family Relations, Portland, OR.
Deegan, M. J. (1990). Jane Addams and the men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Demos, V. (1990). Black family studies in the Journal of Marriage and the Family and the issue of distortion: A trend analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 603–612.
Denzin, N. K. (1989). Interpretative interactionism. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Denzin, N. K. (1995). On the shoulders of Anselm. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 2, 39–47.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dewey, J. (1922). Human nature and conduct. New York: Holt.
Dewey, J. (1938). Logic: The theory of inquiry. New York: Holt. Dienhart, A. (1986). Men and women co-constructing fatherhood through shared parenting: Beyond the dominant discourse. Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage.
Dilthey, W. (1976). Selected writings (H. P. Rickman, Ed. and Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dobash, E. E., & Dobash, R. P. (1979). Violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy. New York: Free Press.
Dollard, J. (1937). Caste and class in a southern town. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Donzolet, J. (1977). The policing of families. New York: Pantheon.
Dreyfus, H. L. (1991). Being in the world: A commentary on Heidegger’sBeing and Time, Division I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Durkheim, E. (1966). Rules of sociological method. (S. A. Soloway and J. H. Mueller, Trans.; G. E. Catlin, Ed.). Glencoe: Free Press.
Eichler, M. (1981). Monolithic model of the family. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 6, 367–388.
Ellis, C. (1995a). Final negotiations: A story of love, loss, and chronic illness. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Fagerhaugh, S. (1975). Getting around with emphysema. In A. L. Strauss (Ed.), Chronic illness and the quality of life (pp. 99–197 ). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Faris, R. E. L. (1967). Chicago sociology 1920–1932. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Farnsworth, E. B. (1996). Reflexivity and qualitative family research: An insider’s perspectives in bereaving the loss of a child. In J. F. Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 399–415 ). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Faust, D. G. (1996). Mothers of invention: Women of the slaveholding south in the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Fine, M. (1988). Sexuality, schooling, and adolescent females: The missing discourse of desire. Harvard Educational Review, 58, 29–53.
Fine, M. (1992). Disruptive voices: The possibilities of feminist research. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Fine, M. (1994). Working the hyphens: Reinventing self and other in qualitative research: In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 70–82 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fiske, J. (1994). Audiencing: Cultural practice and cultural studies. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 189–198 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Form, W. (1987). Two issues: Documentation and nonstatistical manuscripts. American Sociological Review, 52, vi.
Franklin, C. (1995). Expanding the vision of the social constructionist debates: Creating relevance for practitioners. Families in Society, 76, 395–407.
Franklin, C. (1996a). Solution-focused therapy: A marital case study using recursive dialectic analysis. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 7 (1), 31–51.
Franklin, C. (1996b). Learning to teach qualitative research: Reflections of a quantitative research. In J. F. Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 241274 ). New York: Haworth.
Franklin, C, & Jordan, C. (1995). Qualitative assessment: A methodological review. Families in Society, 78, 281–295.
Fravel, D. L., & Boss, P. G. (1992). An in-depth interview with the parents of missing children. In J. F. Gilgun, K. Daly, and G. Handel (Eds.), Qualitative methods in family research (pp. 126–145 ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Frazier, E. F. (1932). The Negro family in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Frazier, E. F. (1939). The Negro family in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Freedman, J., & Combs, G. (1996). Narrative therapy: The social construcdon of preferred realities. New York: Norton.
Freire, P. (1986). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Continuum. (Original work published in 1968 ).
Gale, J. E. (1991). Conversation analysis of therapeutic discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gale, J. (1996). Conversation analysis: Studying the construction of therapeutic realities. In D. H. Sprenkle and S. M. Moon (Eds.), Research methods in family therapy (pp. 107–124 ). New York: Guilford.
Gale, J., & Newfield, N. (1992). A conversation analysis of a solution-focused marital therapy session. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 18, 153–165.
Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Gelles, R. J. (1974). The violent home: A study of physical aggression between husbands and wives. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Giddens, A. (1971). Capitalism and modern social theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gilbert, K. ( 1996, July). Collateral damage? Indirect exposure to emotions among students and staff. Paper presented at Essex ‘86 the Fourth International Social Science Methodology Conference, University of Essex, Essex, England.
Gilgun, J. F. (1990a). The sexual development of men sexually abused as children. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Prevalence, impact, and treatment (pp. 177–190 ). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Gilgun, J. F. (1990b, November). The place of qualitative methods in the study of the family. A paper presented on the Pre-Conference Workshop on Theory Construction and Research Methodology, National Council on Family Relations Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA.
Gilgun, J. F. (1991). Resilience and the intergenerational transmission of child sexual abuse. In M. Q. Patton (Ed.), Family sexual abuse:Frontline research and evaluation (pp. 93–105 ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gilgun, J. F. (1992a). Chicago days: Handel, Lopata, & Strauss tell stories of their lives as students at Chicago. Qualitative Family Research, 6 (2), 3–6.
Gilgun, J. E. (1992b). Definitions, methods, and methodologies in qualitative family research. In J. E. Gilgun, K. Daly, and G. Handel (Eds.), Qualitative methods in family research (pp. 22–41 ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gilgun, J. E. (1992c). Field methods training in the Chicago School traditions: The early career of Bob Bogdan. Qualitative Family Research, 6 (1), 8–11.
Gilgun, J. E (1992d). Hypothesis generation in social work research. Journal of Social Service Research, 15, 113–135.
Gilgun, J. F. (1993a). Dimensional analysis and grounded theory: Interviews with Leonard Schatzman. Qualitative Family Research, 7(1–2), 1–2, 4–7.
Gilgun, J. E (1993b). Publishing research reports based on qualitative methods. Marriage and Family Review, 18, 177–180.
Gilgun, J. F. (1994a). A case for case studies in social work research. Social Work, 39, 371–380.
Gilgun, J. F. (1994b). Avengers, conquerors, playmates, and lovers: A continuum of roles played by perpetrator of child sexual abuse. Families in Society, 75, 467–480.
Gilgun, J. E (1994c). Freedom of choice and research interviewing in child sexual abuse. In B. G. Compton and B. Galaway (Eds.), Social work processes ( 5th ed., pp. 358–368 ). Chicago: Dorsey.
Gilgun, J. E (1994d). Hand into glove: Grounded theory and social work practice research. In W. Reid and E. Sherman (Eds.), Qualitative methods and social work practice research (pp. 115–125 ). New York: Columbia University Press.
Gilgun, J. E (1995a, November). Fingernails painted red: A reflexive, semiotic analysis of a case of family murder. Paper presented at the symposium on Interpreting Qualitative Data at the annual meeting of the National Council on Family Relations, Portland, OR.
Gilgun, J. F. (1995b). We shared something special: The moral discourse of incest perpetrators. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 265–281.
Gilgun, J. E (1996a). Human development and adversity in ecological perspective: Part 1: A conceptual framework. Families in Society, 77, 395–402.
Gilgun, J. F. (1996b). Human development and adversity in ecological perspective: Part 2: Three patterns. Families in Society, 77 (2), 459–476.
Gilgun, J. F. (in press). Mapping resilience as process among adults with childhood adversities. In H. McCubbin, J. Futrell, and A. Thompson (Eds.), Resilience in families: Qualitative approaches. Madison, WI: Center for Excellence in Family Studies.
Gilgun, J. E, & Sussman, M. B. (Eds.). (1996). The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research. Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Gilgun, J. E, Daly, K., & Handel, G. (Eds.). (1992). Qualitative methods in family research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gilligan, S., and Price, R. (1993). Therapeutic conversations. New York: Norton.
Giorgi, A., Fischer, W. E, & von Eckartsberg, R. (Eds.). (1971). Duquesne studies in phenomenological psychology (Vol. 1 ). Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Giorgi, A., Fischer, W. F., & Murray, E. (Eds.). (1975). Duquesne studies in phenomenological psychology (Vol. 2 ). Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Giorgi, A., Knowles, R., & Smith, D. L. (1979). Duquesne studies in phenomenological psychology (Vol. 3 ). Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Glaser, B. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press. Glaser, B. (1992). Basics of grounded theory analysis. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
Gluckman, M. (1971). Preface. In E. Bott (Ed.), Family and social network (2nd ed., pp. xiii-xxx). New York: Free Press.
Goldstein, H. (1996). The home on Gorham Street and the voices of its children. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Gordon, L. (1977). Women’s body, women’s right: A social history of birth control in America. New York: Penguin.
Guba, E. (Ed.). (1990). The paradigm dialogue. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105–117 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gubrium, J. E, & Holstein, J. A. (1990). Where is family? Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
Gubrium, J. E, & Holstein, J. A. (1993). Family discourse, organizational embeddedness, and local enactment. Journal of Family Issues, 14, 66–81.
Gurman, A., Kniskem, D., & Pinsof, W. (1986). Research on the process and outcome of marital and family therapy. In S. Bergin and A. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change ( 3rd ed., pp. 565–624 ). New York: Wiley.
Habermas, J. (1971). Knowledge and human interests. (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Boston: Beacon.
Haley, J. (1987). Family problem solving ( 2nd ed. ). San Francisco: JosseyBass.
Hall, L., & Zvonkovic, A. (1996). Egalitarianism and oppression in marriage: The effects of research on researchers. In J. F. Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 89–104 ). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Hamabata, M. M. (1993). Crested kimono: Power and love in the Japanese business family. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Hamilton, D. (1994). Traditions, preferences, and postures in applied qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 60–69 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hamilton, G. V. (1929). A research in marriage. New York: Albert and Charles Boni.
Hammersley, M. (1989). The dilemma of qualitative method: Herbert Blumer and the Chicago tradition. London: Routledge.
Hanawalt, B. (1996). The composite biography as a methodological tool for the study of childhood in history. In J. F. Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 323–334 ). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Hanawalt, B. A. (1986). The ties that bound: Peasant families in medieval England. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hanawalt, B. A. (1993). Growing up in medieval London. New York: Oxford University Press.
Handel, G. (1965). Psychological study of whole families. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 19–41.
Handel, G. (Ed.). (1967). The psychosocial interior of the family. Chicago: Aldine.
Handel, G. (Ed.). (1988). Childhood socialization. New York: Aldine.
Handel, G. (1991). Case study in family research. In J. R. Geagin, A. M. Orum, & G. Sjoberg (Eds.), A case for the case study (pp. 244–268 ). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Handel, G. (1992). The qualitative tradition in family research. In J. F. Gilgun, K. Daly, and G. Handel (Eds.), Qualitative methods in family research (pp. 12–21 ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Handel, G. (1996). Family Worlds and qualitative family research. In J. E Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 335–348 ). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Handel, G., & Whitchurch, G. G. (Eds.). (1993). The psychosocial interior of the family (4th ed., pp. 69–85). New York: Aldine.
Harding, S. (Ed.). (1987). Feminism and methodology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Thinking from women’s lives. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time (J. Macquarried and E. Robinson,Trans.). New York: Harper & Row. (Original work published 1927 )
Hess, R. D., & Handel, G. (1959). Family worlds: A psychosocial approach to family life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hill, R. (1941). Families under stress. New York: Harper & Row.
Hill, R. (1981). Whither family research in the 1980s: Continuities, emergence, constraints, and new horizons. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 255–257.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hodges, H. A. (1994). WilliamDilthey: An introduction. London: Routledge.
Hoffman, L. (1981). Foundations of family therapy: A conceptual framework for systems change. New York: Basic Books.
Holbrook, T. L. (1996). Document analysis: Contrasts between official case records and the joumal of a woman on welfare. In J. E Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 41–56 ). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (1994). Phenomenology, ethnomethodology, and interpretive practice. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 262–272 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hooks, B. (1981). Aint I a Woman? Black women and feminism. Boston: South End Press.
Hooks, B. (1984). Feminist theory: From margin to center. Boston: South End Press.
Hunt, M. (1969). The affair. New York: World.
Hull-House maps and papers, by residents of Hull-House, a social settlement. A presentation of nationalities and wages in a congested district of Chicago, together with comments and essays on problems growing out of the social conditions. (1895). New York: Crowell.
Husserl, E. (1931). Ideas (W. R. Boyce Gibson, Trans.) London: Allen and Unwin.
Husserl, E. (1977). Basic writings (D. Krell, Ed.). New York: Harper & Row. Jago, B. J. (1996). Postcards, ghosts, and fathers: Revising family stories. Qualitative Inquiry, 2, 495–516.
Janeway, E. (1980). Who is Sylvia? On the loss of sexual paradigms. Signs, 5, 573–589.
Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administration Science Quarterly, 24, 602–611.
Johnson, C. S. (1922). The Negro in Chicago: A study of race relations and a race riot in 1919. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kanton, D., & Lehr, W. (1975). Inside the family: Toward a theory of family process. New York: Harper & Row.
Keeney, B. P. (1990). Improvisational therapy. St. Paul, MN: Systemic Therapy Press.
Keeney, B. P., & Bobele, M. (1989). A brief note on family violence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 10 (2), 93–95.
Keeney, B. P., & Ross, J. M. (1985). Mind in therapy: Constructing systemic family therapies. New York: Basic Books.
Kidder, L. H. (1981). Qualitative research and quasi-experimental frameworks. In M. B. Brewer and B. E. Collins (Eds.), Scientific inquiry and the social sciences (pp. 226–256 ). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kitson, G. C., Clark, R. D., Rushforth, N. B., Brinich, P. M., Sudak, H. S., & Zyzanski, J. (1996). Research on difficult family topics: Helping new and experienced researchers cope with research on loss. Family Relations, 45, 183–188.
Komarovsky, M. (1940). The unemployed man and his family. New York: Dryden.
Komarovsky, M. (1962). Blue-collar marriage. New York: Random House.
Koss, E. L. (1946). Families in trouble. New York: King’s Crown Press.
Lamendola, F. P., & Newman, M. A. (1994). The paradox of HIV/AIDS as expanding consciousness. Advances in Nursing Science, 16(3), 13–21.
LaRossa, R. (1983). The transition to parenthood and the social reality of time. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 579–589.
LaRossa, R. (1988). Renewing our faith in qualitative family research.
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 17,243–260.
LaRossa, R., & LaRossa, M. M. (1981). The transition to parenthood: How infants change families. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
LaRossa, R., & Reitzes, D. C. (1993). Symbolic interactionism and family studies. In P. G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schummn, and S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 135–163 ). New York: Plenum.
LaRossa, R., & Wolf, J. (1985). On qualitative family research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 531–541.
Larzelere, R. E., & Klein, D. M. (1987). Methodology. In M. B. Sussman and S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 125–155). New York: Plenum.
Lasch, C. (1977). Haven in a heartless world: The family besieged. New York: Basic Books.
Lather, P. (1991). Getting smart: Feminist research and pedagogy with/in the postmodern. New York: Routledge.
Lavee, Y., & Dollahite, D. C. (1991). The linkage between theory and research in family science. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 361–373.
Laws, J. L. (1979). The second X: Sex role and social role. New York: Elsevier.
LeCompte, M. D. (1993). A framework for hearing silence: What does telling stories mean when we are supposed to be doing science? In D. McLaughlin and W. G. Tiemey (Eds.), Naming silenced lives: Personal narratives and the process of educational change (pp. 2–9 ). New York: Routledge.
LeCompte, M. D., & Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research. Review of Educational Research, 52, 31–60.
Leininger, M. (1969). Ethnoscience: A new and promising research approach for the health sciences. Images, 3(1), 2–8.
Leininger, M. (1978). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories and practices. New York: Wiley.
Leininger, M. (1985). Qualitative research methods in nursing. Orlando, FL: Grune and Stratton.
Leonard, V. W. (1994). In P. Benner (Ed.), Interpretive phenomenology (pp. 43–63 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
LePlay, F. (1855). Les ouvriers europeens. Tours: Alfred Marne.
LePlay, F. E. (1866). La reforme social en France. Paris: Dentu.
LePlay, F. (1879). Les ouvriers europeens ( 2nd ed. ). Paris: Alfred Marne et fils.
Lewin, K. (1935). A dynamic theory of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of topological psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lewis, O. (1962). Five families. New York: Wiley.
Lewis, O. (1963). The children of Sanchez. New York: Vintage.
Lewis, O. (1964). Pedro Martinez. New York: Random House.
Lewis, O. (1965). La vida. New York: Vintage.
Lincoln, Y. (1995). Emerging criteria for quality in qualitative and interpretive research. Qualitative Inquiry, 1, 275–289.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Lindesmith, A. R. (1947). Opiate addiction. Bloomington, IN: Principia.
Lindesmith, A. R., Strauss, A. L., & Denzin, N. K. (1975). Social psychology ( 5th ed. ). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (1984). Gender roles and power. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Lofland, J., & Lofland, L. H. (1995). Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis ( 3rd ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Lopata, H. Z. (1971). Occupation: Housewife. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lopata, H. Z. (1973). Widowhood in an American city. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.
Lopata, H. Z. (1979). Women as widows: Support systems. New York: Elsevier.
Lopata, H. Z. (1992a). Circles and settings: Role changes of American women. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Lopata, H. Z. (1992b). Sensitizing concepts, historical analysis, and role theory. Qualitative Family Research, 6(1), 1–2, 13.
Lopata, H. Z. (1996). Current widowhood. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lopata, H. Z., with Miller, C. A., & Bamewolt, D. (1984). City women: Work, jobs, occupations, careers. Volume I: America. New York: Praeger.
Lopata, H. Z., with Barnewolt, D., & Miller, C. A. (1985). City women:Work, jobs, occupations, careers. Volume 2: Chicago. New York: Praeger.
Lynch, M., & Peyrot, M. (1992). Introduction: A reader’s guide to ethnomethodology. Qualitative Sociology, 15, 113–122.
Manning, P. K. (1982). Analytic induction. In R. B. Smith and R. K. Manning (Eds.), Qualitative methods, Vol. II, Handbook of Social Sciences (pp. 273–302 ). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Manning, R. K., & Cullum-Swan, B. (1994). Narrative, content, and semiotic analysis. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 463–477 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1995). Designing qualitative research ( 2nd ed. ), Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Martin, R. R. (1995). Oral history in social work: Research, assessment, and intervention. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Matthews, E. H. (1977). Quest for an American sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press. McCabe, A., and Peterson, C. (1991). Developing narrative structure. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
McCubbin, H. I., & Thompson, A. I. (1989). Balancing work and family life on Wall Street: Stockbrokers and families coping with economic instability. Edina, MN: Burgess International.
McCubbin, H. I., & Cauble, E., and Patterson, J. M. (Eds.). (1984). Family stress, coping and social support. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
McCubbin, H. I., Thompson, E. A., Thompson, A. I., & Fromer, J. E. (Eds.). (1994). Sense of coherence and resiliency: Stress, coping, and health. Madison, WI: Center for Excellence in Family Studies.
McKinney, J. C. (1966). Constructive typology and social theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
McLaughlin, D., & Tierney, W. G. (Eds.). (1993). Naming silenced lives: Personal narratives and the process of educational change. New York: Routledge.
McMahon, M. (1995). Engendering motherhood: Identity and transformation in women’s lives. New York: Guilford.
Mendenhall, T. J., Grotevant, H. D., & McRoy, R. G. (1996). Adoptive couples: communication and changes made in openness levels. Family Relations, 45, 223–229.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception (C. Smith, Trans.). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Miles, M. B., and Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis ( 2nd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Minuchin, S., & Fishman, H. C. (1981). Family therapy techniques. Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
Mitchell, R. G., Jr., & Charmaz, K. (1996). Telling tales, writing stories: Postmodemist visions and realist images in ethnographic writing. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 25, 144–166.
Moon, S. M., Dillon, D. R., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1990). Family therapy and qualitative research. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 16, 357–373.
Morgaine, C. A. (1992a). Alternative paradigms in family life education. Family Relations, 41, 12–17.
Morgaine, C. A. (1992b). Beyond prevention: A program for empowering parents and professionals. Family Science Review, 5, 65–84.
Morgaine, C. A. (1994). Enlightenment for emancipation: A critical theory of self-formation. Family Relations, 43, 325–335.
Morris, G. H., & Chenail, R. J. (Eds.). (1995). The talk of the clinic: Explorations in the analysis of medical and therapeutic discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Morrow, R. A., with Brown, D. D. (1994). Critical theory and methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Morse, J. M. (1991). On the evaluation of qualitative proposals. Qualitative Health Research, 1, 147–151.
Morse, J. M. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 220235 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mowrer, E. R. (1927). Family disorganization: An introduction to a sociological analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mowrer, E. R. (1932). The family. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Mowrer, E. R., with Mowrer, H. R. (1928). Domestic discord: Its analysis and treatment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Murray, S. B. (1996). “We all love Charles:” Men in child care and the social construction of gender. Gender and Society, 10, 368–387.
Nadeau, J. (1997). Families making sense of death: Meaning-making in bereavement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Newfield, N. A., Kuehl, B. P., Joanning, H. P., & Quinn, W. H. (1990). A mini ethnography of the family therapy of adolescent drug abuse: The ambiguous experience. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 7, 57–79.
Newfield, N. A., Joanning, H. P., Kuehl, B. P., & Quinn, W. H. (1991). We can tell you about “psychos” and “shrinks”: An ethnography of the family therapy of adolescent drug abuse. In T. C. Todd and M. D. Selekman (Eds.), Family therapy approaches with adolescent substance abuse (pp. 277–310 ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Newman, M. A. (1986). Health as expanding consciousness. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Newman, M. A. (1989). The spirit of nursing. Holistic Nursing Practice, 3 (3), 1–6.
Newmark, M., & Beels, C. (1994). The misuse and use of science in family therapy. Family Process, 33, 3–17.
Nosek, M. A., Young, M. E., Rintala, D. H., Howland, C. A., Foley, C. C., & Bennett, J. L. (1995). Barriers to reproductive health maintenance among women with physical disabilities. Journal of Women’s Health, 4, 505–518.
Noth, W. (1995). Handbook of semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University. Nye, F. I. (1988). Fifty years of family research, 1937–1987. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 305–316.
Oakley, A. (1974). The sociology of housework. New York: Pantheon.
Olesen, M., Heading, C., Shadick, K. M., & Bistodeau, J. A. (1994). Quality of life in long-stay institutions in England: Nurse and resident perceptions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 20, 23–32.
Olesen, V. (1994). Feminisms and models of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 158–174 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Olesen, V., Droes, N., Hatton, D., Chico, N., & Schatzman, L. (1994). Analyzing together: Recollections of a team approach. In A. Bryman and R. G. Burgess (Eds.), Analyzing qualitative data (pp. 111–128 ). London: Routledge.
Olsen, C. S. (1996). African-American adolescent women: Perceptions of gender, race, and class. In J. E Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 105121 ). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Osmond, M. W. (1987). Radical-critical theories. In M. B. Sussman and S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 103–124 ). New York: Plenum.
Osmond, M. W., & Thorne, B. (1993). Feminist theories: The social construction of gender in families and society. In P. G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schummn, and S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 591–623 ). New York: Plenum.
Packer, M. (1985). Hermeneutic inquiry in the study of human conduct. American Psychologist, 40, 1081–1093.
Packer, M. J., & Addison, R. B. (Eds.). (1989). Entering the circle: Hermeneutic investigation in psychology. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Palmer, R. E. (1969). Hermeneutics: Interpretive theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamer. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Palmer, V. (1928). Field methods in sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Park, R. E., & Burgess, E. W. (Eds.). (1921). Introduction to the science of sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods ( 2nd ed. ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Plager, K. A. (1994). Hermeneutic phenomenology: A methodology for family health and health promotion study in nursing. In P. Benner (Ed.), Interpretive phenomenology (pp. 65–83 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Polkinghome, D. (1983). Methodology for the human sciences: Systems of inquiry. Albany: State University of New York at Albany.
Pollner, M., & McDonald-Wilker, L. (1985). The social construction of unreality: A case study of a family’s attribution of competence to a severely retarded child. Family Process, 28, 241–254.
Poison, M., & Piercy, F. P. (1993). The impact of training stress on married family therapy trainees and their families: A focus group study. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 4, 69–92.
Punch, M. (1994). Politics and ethics in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 83–97 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Quint, J. C. (1966). Awareness of death and the nurses’ composure. Nursing Research, 15, 49–55.
Quint, J. C. (1967). The nurse and the dying patient. New York: Macmillan. Rainwater, L. (1970). Behind ghetto walls. Chicago: Aldine.
Rainwater, L., Coleman, R., & Handel, G. (1959). Workingman’s wife. New York: Oceana.
Reason, P., & Rowan, J. (Eds.). (1981). Human inquiry: A sourcebook of new paradigm inquiry. New York: Wiley.
Red Collective. (1978). The politics of sexuality in capitalism. London: Publications Distribution Cooperative.
Reif, L. (1975). Ulcerative colitis: Strategies for managing life. In A. Strauss (Ed.), Chronic illness and the quality of life (pp. 81–88 ). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Reinharz, S. (1992). Feminist methods in social research. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rettig, K. D., Tam, V. C.-W., & Magistad, B. M. (1996). Using pattern matching and modified analytic induction in examining justice principles in child support guidelines. In J. E. Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 193–222 ). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Richards, T. J., & Richards, L. (1994). Using computers in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 445–462 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Riessman, C. K. (1990). Divorce talk: Women and men make sense of personal relationships. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Riessman, C. K. (Ed.). (1994). Qualitative studies in social work research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rosenau, P. M. (1992). Post-modernism and the social sciences. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rosenblatt, P. C. (1983). Bitter, bitter tears: Nineteenth century diarists and twentieth century grief theories. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Rosenblatt, P. C., & Fischer, L. R. (1993). Qualitative family research. In P. G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schummn, and S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 167–177 ). New York: Plenum.
Rosenwald, G. C., & Ochberg, R. (Eds.). (1992). Storied lives: The cultural politics of self-understanding. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Rossi, A., Calderwood, A. (1973). Academic women on the move. New York: Russell Sage.
Rubin, J. ( 1988, January). Ethics and the concept of the person. Lecture series at the University of California, San Francisco.
Rubin, L. B. (1976). Worlds of pain: Life in the working-class family. New York: Basic Books.
Runyan, W. M. (1984). Life histories and psychobiography: Explorations in theory and method. New York: Oxford University Press.
Satir, V. (1967). Conjoint family therapy. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
Schatzman, L. (1991). Dimensional analysis: Notes on an alternative approach to the grounding of theory in qualitative research. In D. R. Maines (Ed.), Social organization and social process: Essays in honor of Anselm Strauss (pp. 303–314 ). New York: Aldine.
Schatzman, L., & Strauss, A. (1973). Field research: Strategies for a natural sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Schwandt, T. A. (1994). Constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human inquiry. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 118–137 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Schwandt, T. A. (1996). Farewell to criteriology. Qualitative Inquiry, 2, 58–72.
Schwartz, B. (1994). Where is cultural studies? Cultural Studies, 8, 377–393.
Sells, S. P., Smith, T. E., Coe, M. J., Yoshioka, M., and Robbins, J. (1994). An ethnography of couple and therapist experiences in reflecting team practice. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 20 (3), 247–266.
Sells, S. P., Smith, T. E., and Sprenkle, D. H. (1995). Integrating qualitative and quantitative research methods: A research model. Family Process, 34, 199–218.
Selvini-Palazzoli, M., Cecchin, G., Prata, G., & Boscolo, L. (1978). Paradox and counterparadox. New York: Aronson.
Shaw, C. (1930). The jack roller. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Silver, C. B. (1982). (Ed., Trans. and with an introduction by C. B. Silver). Frederic LePlay: On family, work, and social change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Singer, J., & Salovey, P. (1993). The remembered self. New York: Free press.
Small, A. W. (1916). Fifty years of sociology in the United States, 1865–1915. American Journal of Sociology, 21, 712–864.
Smith, K. (1993). After the demise of empiricism: The problem of judging social and education inquiry. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Smith, S. (1993). Who’s talking/Who’s talking back? Signs, 18, 392–407.
Smith, T. E., Winston, M., & Yoshioka, M. (1992). A qualitative understanding of reflective-teams II Therapists’ perspectives. Contemporary Family Therapy, 14, 419–432.
Smith, T. E., Yoshioka, M., & Winston, M. (1993). A qualitative understanding of Reflecting teams I: Clients’ perspectives. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 12, 29–45.
Smith, T. E., Sells, S. P., & Clevenger, T. (1994). Ethnographic content analysis of couple and therapist perceptions in a reflecting team setting. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 20, 267–286.
SmithBattle, L. (1993). Mothering in the midst of danger. In S. L. Feetham, S. B. Meister, J. M. Bell, & C. L. Gilliss (Eds.), The nursing of families (pp. 141–166 ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
SmithBattle, L. (1994). Beyond normalizing: The role of narrative in understanding teenage mothers’ transition to mothering. In R. Benner (Ed.), Interpretive phenomenology (pp. 141–166 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
SmithBattle, L. (1995). Teenage mothers’ narratives of self: An examination of risking the future. Advances in Nursing Science, /7,22–36.
SmithBattle, L. (1996). Intergenerational ethics of caring for adolescent mothers and their children. Family Relations, 45, 56–64.
Solfie, D. L., & Leslie, L. A. (Eds.). (1994). Gender, families, and close relationships: Feminist research journeys. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Spradley, J. (1979). The ethnographic interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Sprenkle, D. H., & Moon, S. M. (Eds.). (1996). Research methods in family therapy. New York: Guilford.
Sprey, J. (1982). Editorial comments. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 5.
Stacey, J. (1990). Brave new families: Stories of domestic upheaval in late twentieth century America. New York: Basic Books.
Stack, C. B. (1974). All our kin: Strategies for survival in a black community. New York: Harper.
Stake, R. (1996). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Stamp, G. H. (1991). Family conversation: Description and interpretation. Family Process, 30, 251–263.
Stanley, L., & Wise, S. (1983). Breaking out: Feminist consciousness and feminist research. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Steedman, C. (1990). Childhood, culture and class in Britain: Margaret McMillan, 1860–1931. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Stern, R. N. (1980). Grounded theory methodology: Its uses and processes. Image, 12, 29–33.
Stern, R N. (1985). Using grounded theory method in nursing research. In M. Leininger (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in nursing (pp. 149160 ). Orlando, FL: Grune and Stratton.
Stivers, C. (1993). Reflections on the role of personal narrative in social science. Signs, 18, 408–425.
Strauss, A. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Strauss, A. L., & Glaser, B. G. (1970). Anguish: A case history of a dying trajectory. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
Strauss, A., Schatzman, L., Bucher, R., Ehrlich, D., & Sabshin, M. (1964). Psychiatric ideologies and institutions. New York: Free Press.
Sussman, M. B. (1993). Commentary on publishing. Marriage and Family Review, 18, 109–117.
Taylor, C. (1985). Human agency and language: Philosophical papers I. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the self: The making of the modern identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Taylor, C. (1991). The ethics of authenticity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Thomas, D. L., & Wilcox, J. E. (1987). The rise of family theory: A historical and critical analysis. In M. B. Sussman and S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 81–102 ). New York: Plenum.
Thomas, W. I., & Znaniecki, F. (1927). The Polish peasant in Europe and America,Vol. 1–2. New York: Knopf. (Original work published 19181920)
Thompson, L. (1992). Feminist methodology for family studies. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 3–18.
Thorne, B., with Yalom, M. (1982). Rethinking the family: Some feminist questions. New York: Longman.
Uttal, L. (1996). Custodial care, surrogate care, and coordinated care: Employed mothers and the meaning of child care. Gender and Society, 10, 291–311.
Van Maanen, J. (1988). Tales of the field: On writing ethnography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Albany: State University of New York.
Vidich, A. J., & Lyman, S. M. (1994). Qualitative methods: Their history in sociology and anthropology. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 23–59 ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Visweswaran, K. (1994). Fictions of feminist ethnography. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Walker, J. A. (1996). Letters in the attic: Private reflections of women, wives, and mothers. In J. E. Gilgun and M. B. Sussman (Eds.), The methods and methodologies of qualitative family research (pp. 9–40). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
Waller, W. (1930). The old love and the new. New York: Liveright. Waller, W. (1934). Insight and the scientific method. American Journal of Sociology, XL,285–297.
Warner, W. L., and Lunt, P. S. (1941). The social life of a modern community
Vol. 1 of The Yankee City Series). New Haven: Yale University Press. Wax, R. H. (1971). Doing fieldwork: Warnings and advice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Webb, S., & Webb, B. (1932). Methods of social study. London: Longman, Green.
White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. New York: Norton.
Whyte, W. F. (1943). A slum sex code. American Journal of Sociology, XLIX, 24–31.
Wiener, C. L. (1975). The burden of rheumatoid arthritis. In A. Strauss (Ed.), Chronic illness and the quality of life (pp. 71–80 ). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Wilson, H. A., & Hutchinson, S. A. (1991). Triangulation of qualitative methods: Heideggerian hermeneutics and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 1, 263–276.
Wiseman, J. E. (1979). Stations of the lost: The treatment of Skid Row alcoholics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wiseman, J. E. (1981). The family and its researcher in the eighties: Retrenching, renewing, and revitalizing. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 263–266.
Wiseman, J. E. (1991). The other half: Wives of alcoholics and their social-psychological situation. New York: Aldine.
Wittgenstein, L. (1980). Remarks on the philosophy of psychology ( 2 Vols.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wolcott, H. E. (1994). Transforming qualitative data: Description, analysis, and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Wolf, M. (1968). The house of Lim: A study of a Chinese farm family. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Wright, M. M. (1995). “I never did any fieldwork, but I milked an awful lot of cows!” Using rural women’s experience to reconceptualize models of work. Gender and Society, 9, 216–235.
Wuest, J. (1995). Feminist grounded theory: An exploration of the congruency and tensions between two traditions in knowledge discovery. Qualitative Health Research, 5, 125–137.
Young, P. V. (1928). The reorganization of Jewish family life in America. Social Forces, VII, 238–243.
Young, P. V. (1932). The Pilgrims of Russian Town. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zaretsky, E. (1976). Capitalism, the family, and personal life. New York: Harper & Row.
Zimmerman, C. C., & Frampton, M. E. (1935). Family and society: A study of the sociology of reconstruction. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Znaniecki, F. (1934). The method of sociology. New York: Farrar & Rinehart.
Zorbaugh, H. (1929). The Gold Coast and the slum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gilgun, J.F. (1999). Methodological Pluralism and Qualitative Family Research. In: Sussman, M.B., Steinmetz, S.K., Peterson, G.W. (eds) Handbook of Marriage and the Family. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5367-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5367-7_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5369-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5367-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive