Abstract
Symbiosis describes an association between two organisms that is of benefit to both. The association is generally long-term rather than transitory, and one or both partners have structural and/or behavioral adaptations that foster the association. In extreme cases of symbiosis, the reproductive systems of the partners are linked, so that continuation of the symbiosis is almost automatic; in these cases there are strong analogies with the meiotic sexual cycle (Margulis, 1980; Knoll, this volume).
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Cowen, R. (1983). Algal Symbiosis and Its Recognition in the Fossil Record. In: Tevesz, M.J.S., McCall, P.L. (eds) Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities. Topics in Geobiology, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0740-3_10
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