Abstract
Biochemists have long been aware that the assimilation by the human body of essential trace elements takes place in certain preferred chemical forms. Cobalamin, the glucose tolerance factor, and heme iron, for example, are the favoured forms of cobalt, chromium, and iron, respectively. Elements may be classified as either essential, such as Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, V, Mn, Sn, Fe, Ni, Co, and Se or non-essential, Ag, Cd, Hg, Tl, Pb and As. Excesses of either class can be toxic, although in general, the non-essential elements are of greater toxicity, and as with bioavailability, this toxicity will be a function of chemical form.
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Batley, G.E. (1983). The Current Status of Trace Element Speciation Studies in Natural Waters. In: Leppard, G.G. (eds) Trace Element Speciation in Surface Waters and Its Ecological Implications. NATO Conference Series, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8234-8_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8234-8_2
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