Abstract
The most obvious practical concern with ice cover in the Nordic Seas is that it directly obstructs ship operations and influences submarine operations. The ice cover also affects the climate, which in turn affects ship and air operations. Interactions of ice and ocean, especially near the edge, affect local oceanography and generate underwater noise, which affects submarine operations.
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Wadhams, P. (1986). The Ice Cover. In: Hurdle, B.G. (eds) The Nordic Seas. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8035-5_2
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